Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistr
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What is Inorganic chemistry
• Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
• This field covers all chemical compounds except the organic compounds (carbon based compounds, usually containing C-H bonds), which are the subjects of organic chemistry.
• The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.
• It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry–including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture.
What is Organic Chemistry?
Most organic texts are arranged like this:
Structure and bonding
Acids and bases
Alkanes- reactions of, stereochemistry
Alkenes - “
Alkynes - “
Alkyl halides - “
Benzene- “
Alcohols -”
Ethers,, epoxides “
Carbonyls - “
Aldehydes and ketones - “
Carboxylic acids and nitriles -”
Amines - “
Carbohydrates - “
Amino acids. Proteins - “
Lipids
Heterocycles and nucleic acids
AtomsAtomicstructure
MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding
Symmetry
What is Inorganic Chemistry?Many inorganic texts are arranged like this:
Ionic compounds
Covalent compounds
AtomsAtomicstructure
MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding
Symmetry
That seems pretty straightforward.Then what?
OK, so we do one then the other...
Ionic compounds
AtomsAtomicstructure
MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding
Symmetry
Covalent compounds
Ideal lattices, Silicates,Defects / Properties, Semi-conductors,Covalent “ionic” compounds,Metals,Band structure/theory
Topics can’t be “boxed”
Key concepts
AtomsAtomicstructure
MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding
Symmetry
Covalent compounds
Inorganic can’t be boxed?
Rare earths,Acid / base concepts, Transition metal compoundsLiquids / solutions,Solids,Clusters,Organometallics,Carboranes,Chalcogenides,C- chemistry (organic)
Ionic compounds
Key concepts
Biological catalysis
Organic catalysis
ceramics
spectroscopyMaterial science
photoconductors
crystallography
Covalent compounds
Rare earths,Acid / base concepts, Transition metal compoundsLiquids / solutions,Solids,Clusters,Organometallics,Carboranes,Chalcogenides,C- chemistry (organic)
Ideal lattices, Silicates,Defects / Properties, Semi-conductors,Covalent “ionic” compounds,Metals,Band structure/theory
Ionic compounds
Contrasts with organic Chemistry
Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds
Bond Order single, double, triple single, double, triple
quadruple
Bonding Type, H, CH3 M-H-M, M-CH3-M C-H
Coordination Number max 9, most common 6 max 4
Geometry (CN = 4) tetrahedral, square planar tetrahedral
Descriptive inorganic chemistry
• Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based on their properties.
• Partly the classification focuses on the position in the periodic table of the heaviest element (the element with the highest atomic weight) in the compound, partly by grouping compounds by their structural similarities.
• When studying inorganic compounds, one often encounters parts of the different classes of inorganic chemistry (an organometallic compound is characterized by its coordination chemistry, and may show interesting solid state properties).
• Coordination compounds• Main group compounds• Transition metal compounds• Organometallic compounds• Cluster compounds• Bioinorganic compounds• Solid state compounds
Descriptive inorganic chemistry
Coordination compounds
[Mn2(CO)10], [Co2(CO)8]
[Ru(PPh3)4Cl2]
K2[Pt(CN)4]
[Cr(NH3)3(H2O)(OH)Cl][NO3]
14
LM
L L
L
L
L
n+
Metal
Ligand
n X
Counter anion
Coordination compounds (metal complexes)
L
ML L
L
ML
L L
L
ML
L L
L
L
L ML
L
L
L
ML
L L
L
L
L
Tetrahedral
Square planar
Square pyramidal
Trigonal bipyramidal
Octahedral
Common geometry
Main group compounds
• Examples: amonia, NaO, KCl, O2, etc
• Typical main group compounds are SiO2, SnCl4, and N2O. Many main group compounds can also be classed as “organometallic”, as they contain organic groups, e.g., B(CH3)3). Main group compounds also occur in nature, e.g., phosphate in DNA, and therefore may be classed as bioinorganic.
Compounds of Transition metal complexes solution.
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
[Co(H2O)6]2+
[Ni(H2O)6]2+
[Cu(H2O)6]2+
[Zn(H2O)6]2+
800
430
650 580
560
490
400
Transition metal compounds
Organometallic compounds
• Grignard Reagent
Cluster compounds
Decaborane, also called decaborane(14), is the borane with the chemical formula B10H14
Iron-sulfur clusters are ensembles of iron and sulfide centres
Cluster compounds
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Carbonic anhydrase enzym
Chlorophylls
Cincin porphine dengan satu ikatan rangkap yang tereduksi disebut chlorin.
Klorofil merupakan contoh dari senyawa yang mengandung cincin chlorin.
Cisplatin and their derivates
Solid state compounds
YBa2Cu3O7, or YBCO, is a high temperaturesuperconductor able tolevitate above a magnet when colder than itscritical temperature of about 90 K (−183 °C
Ionic Solid
Ionic Solid
Atomicstructure
Molecular shapeMolecular bonding
Symmetry
carboranes
organometallics
Transition metal compounds
Acid / base concepts
solids
Liquids / solutions
C- chemistry (organic)
clusters
Rare earths
chalcogenides
Biological catalysis
Organic catalysis
Redox Reactions
ceramics
spectroscopy
Material sciencephotoconductors
crystallography
How I see Inorganic Chemistry. . .
Another example.....
Theoretical inorganic chemistry
• Qualitative theories• Molecular symmetry group theory
Oxidation - Reduction Reaction
• Or Redox reaction = chemical reactions in which electrons are gained, lost (Q: What kind of
bond?) or shared (Q: What kind
of bond?) in a chemical reaction.
• ________ describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion.
• _________ describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion.
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com