By Riswan Introducing to LAC-CI
Introducing to LAC-CI
Jun 10, 2015
Overview of Location Area Code - Cell ID (LAC-CI) in a GSM network (definition and the purpose).
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3
LAC-CI is a in a Mobile Network Unique
Ident ity
LAC-CI is Part of Cell Global Identity (CGI)
CGI is a unique global identity for a Cell in the world
MCC MNC LAC CI
3 digit 2 or 3 digit
5 digit 5 digit
CGI
MCC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
10
01
11
09
08
27
07
28
99
89
Mobile Operators in Indonesia and their MNC
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
Combination between MCC & MNC will be used to identify a mobile operator uniquely in the world.
MCC MNC MSIN*
510 10 5411234567
*MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identity Number
Beside in CGI, MCC & MNC also Used in IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IMSI
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC LAC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
LAC (Location Area Code) is represent a serving area in a GSM network.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
LAC=124
LAC=123 LAC=128
LAC=125
LAC=126
LAC=127 LAC=234
LAC=235
LAC=236
LAC=237 Usually, LAC is Defined Based on Geographical Area.
LAC=238
LAC=239
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC LAC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
LAC (Location Area Code) is represent a serving area in a GSM network.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
CI
CI (Cell ID) is represent a radio network element in a mobile operator.
Physically, a CI (Cell ID) is configured as an ID of a BTS antenna.
1 CI
1 CI 1 CI
Totally, there are 3 CIs in this BTS
This is Sample of a CGI in Telkomsel GSM Network
Various Shape of Cell Coverage Area
1
2
3
2 3
1
The Hexagon Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 3 sectors (antenna) at each corner of
the hexagon. Each antenna has 60° beamwidth.
1
The Circle Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 1 sector (antenna) at each center of the circle.
Each antenna has 360° beamwidth.
1
2 3
1 4
3 2
1 4
The Quadrangle Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 4 sectors (antenna) at each corner
of the quandrangle. Each antenna has 90° beamwidth.
Various Type of BTS Tower ………
son mother
As Prerequisite of a Mobile Call Establishment. The Configuring Activity is Part of New BTS Deployment.
1
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
1
Subscriber A
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
Subscriber A
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
Subscriber A
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
9 MSISDN B (IMSI=XYZ ) that served by LAC=123 CI=787 receive the paging signal and then ringing, then answer the call, and the call established.
9
Subscriber A 4
BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
9 MSISDN B (IMSI=XYZ ) that served by LAC=123 CI=787 receive the paging signal and then ringing, then answer the call, and the call established.
9
Subscriber A 4
To Provision Various of Mobile Services Properly
2
Sample of The Impact of Invalid LAC-CI Configuration to a Mobile Services : Subscriber Charged with Wrong Tariff
Core Network
Table of Tariff Zone
12345-54321 Aceh
Billing System
12345-54321
VAS Network
Billing System
Physically, LAC-CI = 12345-54321 is located in Jakarta. But in the Billing System it’s configured in Aceh (it’s a
wrong configuration).
Sample of The Impact of Invalid LAC-CI Configuration to a Mobile Services : Subscriber Charged with Wrong Tariff
Core Network
Table of Tariff Zone
12345-54321 Aceh
Billing System
12345-54321
VAS Network
Billing System
Subscriber B
Subscriber A
When Subscriber A (in Jakarta and serving by LAC-CI = 12345-54321) call subscriber B (in Jakarta), the call could be charged with wrong tariff, because Billing
System recognizes LAC-CI = 12345-54321 is in Aceh.
To be Used as Data by Many Kinds of Operation & Business Support Systems
3
Operation Performance Reporting &
Analysis
Asset Management
System
Business Performance Reporting &
Analysis
Corporate
Performance Dashboard
Fault Management
System
Configuration Management
System
Many of Operation & Business Support Systems use LAC-CI as data source and reference data in their systems. If the configuration
of LAC-CI across the network elements is not done properly, the information that produced by OSBSS will not valid too.
THANK YOU. Hopefully this is useful for you.
In Indonesia We say it :
“TERIMA KASIH. Semoga bermanfa’at.
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