Introduce Organic Introduce Organic Molecules with a Molecules with a Foldable Foldable Carbohydrates, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, Protein Nucleic Acid, Protein On top of foldable: On top of foldable: picture and main purpose picture and main purpose
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Introduce Organic Molecules with a Foldable Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, Protein On top of foldable: picture and main purpose.
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Introduce Organic Introduce Organic Molecules with a FoldableMolecules with a Foldable
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, ProteinAcid, Protein
On top of foldable: picture On top of foldable: picture and main purposeand main purpose
Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules Contain the element carbon, (C)Contain the element carbon, (C) Comes from something livingComes from something living These are LifeThese are Life’’s Substancess Substances Grouped into four categories Grouped into four categories
Lipid or fatsLipid or fats Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Is Is non-polarnon-polar, therefore does not like water and will , therefore does not like water and will
not work with it or stick to itnot work with it or stick to it Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Examples: oil, butter, fat on meatExamples: oil, butter, fat on meat Can look like:Can look like:
Straight or saturated Straight or saturated
with single bondswith single bonds Kinked or unsaturated Kinked or unsaturated
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
Tertiary, 30 = folded on itself, held by hydrogen bonds
Quaterinary, 40 = folded with other proteins, held by H-bonds
Enzyme (a type of protein)Enzyme (a type of protein) -molecules (usually proteins) that speed--molecules (usually proteins) that speed-
up chemical reactionsup chemical reactions -act as -act as catalystscatalysts which reduce the which reduce the
activation energy required for a activation energy required for a reaction (and speed up the reaction)reaction (and speed up the reaction)
Carbonic anhydrase, COS + water H2CO3 200/hr, with anhydrase 600T/sec. c enzyme 10MX faster
Enzymes cont.Enzymes cont.
Enzymes are specific, they only Enzymes are specific, they only work on a SPECIFIC substratework on a SPECIFIC substrate
Work like a LOCK & KEY modelWork like a LOCK & KEY model
ENZYME
A B
BA
ENZYME
BA
ENZYME
A & B are substrates
Active site
Enzymescan be reused
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
New product
What determined whether or not the What determined whether or not the this enzyme will this enzyme will ““workwork”” for this for this substrate?substrate?
SHAPESHAPE
STOP READSTOP READ
ENZYME
A B
V. Enzymes cont.V. Enzymes cont.
What affects enzymes?What affects enzymes?
In lab tomorrow will test temperature In lab tomorrow will test temperature and pHand pH
We need to be sure to come back to We need to be sure to come back to this slide to fill it in.this slide to fill it in.
Energy and Chemical ReactionsEnergy and Chemical Reactions
IV. IV. Activation Energy – the Activation Energy – the ““sparkspark”” (amount of (amount of E) needed to start a chemical reactionE) needed to start a chemical reaction
Energy Releasing Rxn Energy-Absorbing Reaction
E releasedE absorbed
STOP WRITING
Organic QuizOrganic Quiz
1. What are the four groups of organic 1. What are the four groups of organic molecules?molecules?
2.2. What is the function of both What is the function of both carbohydrates and lipids?carbohydrates and lipids?
3.3. What elements are in carbohydrates What elements are in carbohydrates and lipids?and lipids?
4.4. Give an example of a lipid.Give an example of a lipid.5.5. Give an example of a carbohydrate.Give an example of a carbohydrate.6.6. What is the What is the ““bigbig”” name for a name for a
carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?