Intro to Sy Vgdxx

8/3/2019 Intro to Sy Vgdxx

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Prepared by: Matt J. McCarthy 2

Crime Prevention ThroughEnvironmental Design (CPTED)

Began in the early 1960s

A fundamental concept in security

design that is based on the premisethat effective use and manipulationof the physical environment canreduce criminal behavior


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4 Key Strategies:

1. Territoriality

2. Natural Surveillance3. Activity Support

4. Access Control


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1. Territoriality:

Most people tend to protect area

that they feel is their own, andhave a certain amount of respectfor others. Fences, pavementtreatments, signs and landscaping

all help to express ownership.


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2. Natural Surveillance

-This is almost entirely based off ofthe fact that criminals do not wantto be seen.

- place physical activities, featuresand people in a way that they can

be observed- remove trees, sheds, bushes andother sight obstructions


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3. Activity Support

- encourage legitimate activity in

public spaces- any activity that gets people outand interacting helps to discouragecrime

- basketball courts in parks,neighborhood parties, etc.


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4. Access Control

- properly located entrances/exits

- fencing- lighting

- receptionist at a front desk

- a neighbor sitting on their frontporch


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An Overview of Physical Controls

Concentric Zone Theory based onthe premise that the more valuablean asset is, the more protection itneeds


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Concentric Zone Theory


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An Overview of Physical Controls

3 Basic Lines of Physical Defense:

1. The perimeter of the facility

2. The building exterior3. The interior


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Basic Security Equipment

A. Locks

- key, key card or smart card

operated first used in Egypt over 4,000years ago

- remains one of the oldest, mostcommonly used methods of accesscontrol


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B. Biometrics

- the science of using individual

physiological features or behavioralcharacteristics to positively identifya person

Examples: fingerprint, iris/retinalscans, hand geometry, voice, et al.


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C. Lighting

- intruders want darkness to cover

their actions- 3 out of 4 commercial burglariesare committed within buildings withlittle or no light


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C. Lighting

4 types:

1. Continuous2. Standby

3. Moveable

4. Emergency


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D. Alarms

- date back to 390 BC when geese

were used- many federally insured institutionsare required to use them

- some insurance companies offerdiscounts for alarm installation/use


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D. Alarm uses:

Burglar

Fire

Temperature

Humidity

Water flow

Electrical power


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D. Alarm system types:

Local sound on the premises only

Proprietary a constantly-mannedalarm panel operated by the owner

Central Station similar to proprietary,except usually operated off premises byan alarm company

Police Connected the alarm isdirected via phone lines to the nearestpolice dept.


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D. Alarms False Alarms

More than 90% of all intrusion alarmsare false alarms, resulting in needless

expense and risks on the part ofresponders.

Because of the high number of falsealarms, many cities prohibit alarms

connected directly to the policedepartment.


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E. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

A generic term, generally meaning asystem in which a number of video

cameras are connected in a closedcircuit or loop, where the images aresent to a central television monitor orrecorded.

CCTV systems range from basic systemto very complicated networks.


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E. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

Cameras may be overt or covert, orsemi-covert.

Overt out in the open

Covert hidden

Semi- Covert cameras are in public viewbut behind a one-way transparent

covering.


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E. CCTV other technology:

Internet Protocol Video (IP)

Video can be sent across a companysdata network so that it can be viewedwherever the company chooses.

These can cause bandwidth and digital

storage issues for a companysnetwork.


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Night Cameras most popular kind

use image intensification thatamplifies available visible and near-infrared light to achieve bettervision


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Thermal Imaging operates on the

principle that all objects emitinfrared energy that can be seenusing a thermal imager


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Privacy concerns

There is concern over the amountof, or rather lack of, privacy byprivate, non-criminal citizensthrough the extensive use ofsurveillance methods.

Some cities are passing legislation

to govern these types of devicesand their use.


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Facility PhysicalDefense Guidelines


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The Perimeter

The perimeter can be controlledby a variety of ways:

A. Fences 2 basic typesOrnamental

Chain Link effectiveness can beincreased by adding razor wire,

barbed wire, etc.


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The Perimeter


B. AlarmsC. Perimeter Lighting

Floodlights

Street lights

Fresnal units Searchlights


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The Perimeter


D. Surveillance CamerasE. Vehicle Barriers

Active require some action by a personor equipment to be raised into place

Passive a fixed device with no movingparts, such as guard rails, concrete poles,etc.


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The Perimeter


F. Patrols Security Officers

Patrol or Guard Dog units roam aloneinside a perimeter or building to deterintruders


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The Perimeter


G. SignsH. Physical Layout Whenpossible, we should always try tomaintain a clear zone of 20 feet on

either side of the perimeter


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The Building Exterior

For some facilities, the exterior isthe first line of defense.

Keys for effective security: Strong, locked doors

Limited number of entrances

Secured openings (>96 sq. inches)

Alarms

Surveillance

Lighting


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Building Exterior controls

Panic or Crash Bars

A device located on the inside of a dooronly. It allows the door to opened in

case of a fire, but has no hardware onthe outside that can be used to openthe door.


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The Building Interior

Internal physical controls areusually required along with externalcontrols.

Secure areas should be separatedfrom non-secure areas if possible.


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Safeguards:

Locks

Alarms

Mirrors

Document shredders

Vaults/ safes

Bolt down large, moveable equipment Lock down devices on office equipment

Surveillance systems


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The Command Center

Should be linked to the security controlcenter

Should be in a tightly controlled area

Can also monitor access

Increasingly, staff members of the

command center can also handlecomputer network issues if need be.


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The Physical Security System

The goal is to provide the amount ofsecurity needed - neither too muchnor too little.

This is a balancing act betweenaesthetic, operational, safety andsecurity needs.


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Physical Security Users: a groupcomprised of the people who ownthe property being protected, thepeople who work at or visit thefacility, and the security forcesthemselves.


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P d b M tt J M C th 38


Physical security footprint themark left during or after a securityaction that the public sees and letsthem know security is present.

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