Intro. to plants ppt ch.10

INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS

Characteristics of Plants

NonvascularSimple Vascular

Miscellaneous plant Info

• Plants live on land with some in water—range from microscopic to huge (giant sequoia)

• 1st plants probably algae washed up on land—grew rhizoids

• Red, yellow, or orange (think carrots) pigments found in some cells of plants are carotinoids

• Oldest plant fossils are from the Silurian period about 420 million yrs. ago

Misc. info still• How did algae survive?

adaptations such as:

1. rigid cell wall with cellulose2. waxy, clear. Protective layer on stems and leaves called a cuticle

• Plants in water reproduce easily, simple land plants still use water; later complex plants

develop other methods• Advantages to living on land: 1. More direct sunlight 2. more carbon dioxideBoth helped Photosynthesis!Eventually, land plants developedstems and roots (became vascular).• Plant kingdom grouped into major

divisions (same as a phylum in Animal kingdom)

Simple plants-NONVASCULAR-have no roots, have RHIZOIDS

No leaves, have leaf-like structuresNo stems, have stem-like structures called stalks

NONVASCULAR PLANTS• Reproduce with spores &

sex cells• Division BRYOPHYTA• Are MOSSES—simple

rootless plants with leaf-like growths in a spiral around a stalk, held by rhizoids

• Also are LIVERWORTS-with a flat, leaf-like body

• PIONEER SPECIES-are both mosses + liverworts. They are

the first plants going into poor/destroyed areas.

Seedless Vascular Plants:Use SPORES to reproduce

Vascular “tubes” (tissue) presentSome quite tall (1 or 2 meters)Include:

Spike + club moss:Tiny pine cone like tops or

clubby like “fat tailed” tops

Horsetails:Hollow stem with joints, pops apart

Ferns:Largest group no. wise, + size wise, ancient tree ferns made coal deposits

www.istockphoto.com

www.istockphoto.com

www.indoor-plant-care.com

faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu

www.worldofstock.com

www.earthhistory.org.uk

Start with:

SporesProtonemaBudGametophyte—male and femaleSporophyte with

spore capsule-circle

•

• Start with:

Spores Prothallus Sperm Egg Germinating

sporophyte-circle Sporophyte with

rhizome + fiddlehead

(in square)

http://departments.bloomu.edu/biology/pics/botany/lifecycles/fern_lc.html