Intro To Lid 9.17.09

Low Impact DevelopmentProtecting Oregon’s waters as we grow

IntroductionIntroduction

What is the problem?What is the problem? What is Low Impact Development (LID)What is Low Impact Development (LID) What does LID do for that problem?What does LID do for that problem? What are some LID practices?What are some LID practices? More resourcesMore resources Questions?Questions?

Watershed Before Development

Puget Sound Action Team, WSU Pierce County Extension

The Problem: Conventional Stormwater ManagementThe Problem: Conventional Stormwater Management

Watershed After Development

Puget Sound Action Team, WSU Pierce County Extension

ADAPTED FROM SCHUELER, ET. AL., 1992, 2006ADAPTED FROM SCHUELER, ET. AL., 1992, 2006

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010

00

STREAM DEGRADATIONSTREAM DEGRADATION

WA

TE

RS

HE

D IM

PE

RV

IOU

SN

ES

SW

AT

ER

SH

ED

IMP

ER

VIO

US

NE

SS

(%)

(%)

DEGRADED

PROTECTED

IMPACTED

Waterway Health & Imperviousness

Parking LotsParking Lots

RoadsRoads

DrivewaysDriveways

SidewalksSidewalks

Derived from the City of Olympia, WA ISRS Final ReportDerived from the City of Olympia, WA ISRS Final Report

OfficesOfficesStoresStoresHousesHousesPatiosPatios

The Impervious Surface Budget

65% transportation

35% structures

Impacts of Conventional ApproachesImpacts of Conventional Approaches

Water quantity: too much too fastWater quantity: too much too fast Water quality: the stormwater superhighway Water quality: the stormwater superhighway

for non-point pollutantsfor non-point pollutants Costs: O & M, combined sewer overflows, etc.Costs: O & M, combined sewer overflows, etc.

Water Quantity Impacts: Flooding & ErosionWater Quantity Impacts: Flooding & Erosion

Stream erosion, Increased sediment inputs & Stream erosion, Increased sediment inputs & Increased stream temperatureIncreased stream temperature

Stormwater PollutantsStormwater Pollutants Suspended solids/sedimentsSuspended solids/sediments

Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) MetalsMetals Oils & greaseOils & grease BacteriaBacteria Pesticides & herbicidesPesticides & herbicides Increased temperatureIncreased temperature

Can we mimic natural systems as we develop?

To better protect ourTo better protect our• StreamsStreams• Fish and wildlife habitatFish and wildlife habitat• Drinking water Drinking water • Water qualityWater quality

To reduce infrastructure To reduce infrastructure costscosts

To make our communities To make our communities more attractivemore attractive

Low Impact Development Low Impact Development plans, ordinances, and best management practices plans, ordinances, and best management practices

LID PrinciplesLID Principles

Work with the landscapeWork with the landscape Focus on prevention of stormwater runoffFocus on prevention of stormwater runoff Micromanage stormwaterMicromanage stormwater Keep it simpleKeep it simple Multi-taskMulti-task Maintain and sustainMaintain and sustain

Work with the LandscapeWork with the Landscape

Better Site Design for PUDsBetter Site Design for PUDs

Typical Subdivision

Conservation DevelopmentConservation Development

Narrow streets to Narrow streets to reduce pavementreduce pavement

Cluster units to Cluster units to protect open spaceprotect open space

Preserve existing Preserve existing treestrees

Avoid compacting Avoid compacting soilssoils

““Efficiency” – Collect, Efficiency” – Collect, Convey, DischargeConvey, Discharge

Conventional Development

LID Development

Site Level Techniques

Swales and Rain GardensSwales and Rain Gardens

Bay City, OR

Portland, OR Boardman, OR

Green StreetsGreen Streets

Green Streets

NE Siskiyou, SW 12th and OMSI in Portland. Boardman.

Bioretention in sloped areas

Planter Boxes and Street Trees

Photo Tom Liptan, City of Portland Environmental ServicesPhoto Tom Liptan, City of Portland Environmental Services

Photo Koch Landscape Architecture, City of Photo Koch Landscape Architecture, City of Portland Environmental ServicesPortland Environmental Services

http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/517_nna.html

Pervious SurfacesPervious Surfaces

Pringle Creek, Salem, OR

Pervious pavements remove 50-98% of suspended sediments and associated particulate metals, as well as 97-99% of motor oil.

Rogue Valley Sewer Services

Alternatives to PavementAlternatives to Pavement

overflow parkingoverflow parkingconventional parkingconventional parking

Green RoofsGreen Roofs

SeQuential Biofuels, Eugene, OR

Rainwater HarvestingRainwater Harvesting

No permit is required to harvest up to 5,000 gallons of rainwater and use it for outdoor irrigation w/o connecting to potable plumbing.

What about the cost?What about the cost?

Kensington Estates

Total acres: 23.92

Lots: 103 (4,143 ft2 ave.)

Open space: 15 acres (63%)

Effective impervious area: ~ 0 %

Kensington Estates Cost Kensington Estates Cost ComparisonComparison

   ConventionalConventional Low ImpactLow Impact

Site PrepSite Prep $220,000$220,000 $150,000$150,000

Erosion ControlErosion Control $75,000$75,000 $25,000$25,000

Storm drainageStorm drainage $430,000$430,000 $ 150,000$ 150,000

UtilitiesUtilities $650,000 $650,000

$625,000$625,000

Road ConstructionRoad Construction $250,000$250,000 $275,000$275,000

TotalTotal $1,625,000$1,625,000 $1,225,000$1,225,000

Unit CostUnit Cost $15,777$15,777 $11,893$11,893

How to Make LID HappenHow to Make LID Happen Pass stormwater management regulationPass stormwater management regulation Re-examine local land use controlsRe-examine local land use controls Permit and promote open-space Permit and promote open-space

developmentsdevelopments Create demonstration projectsCreate demonstration projects CollaborateCollaborate

Learn MoreLearn Moreextension.oregonstate.edu/watershedextension.oregonstate.edu/watershed SWAMP ProjectSWAMP Project Urban ForestryUrban Forestry Rain GardensRain Gardenswww.oeconline.org/stormwaterwww.oeconline.org/stormwater Stormwater Solutions workshopsStormwater Solutions workshops Case studies of LID projects in OregonCase studies of LID projects in Oregon LID technical resourcesLID technical resources OregonStormwater listservOregonStormwater listservblogs.oregonstate.edu/h2onc/blogs.oregonstate.edu/h2onc/

Contact Information

Robert Emanuel, Ph.D.Robert Emanuel, Ph.D.OSU Extension Service FacultyOSU Extension Service FacultyWater Resources & Community Development Water Resources & Community Development 2204 Fourth Street2204 Fourth StreetTillamook, OR 97141Tillamook, OR 97141(503) 842-3433(503) [email protected]@oregonstate.edu