Intro to Classification - Ms Houghton's Science Site NE… ·  · 2012-02-05Unit 1 Diversity 9 ... Class _____ Family ... Early classification divided living organisms into two

1 1 Diversity

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Why is it important?

for the health of the ___________

the ________________ the ecosystem, the greater its _________

Why does increased diversity increase the stability of an ecosystem?

_______________________________________

e.g. there are 30 million species of insects alone

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See text pages 13-15

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To understand the diversity of living things we classify organisms!

Think About It:

What is classification?

Why do we classify in things?

Why do we classify things in science?

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Why do we need a classification system?

To help group things in an ___________ way

Provides specific details to help ____________organisms and represent the relationships between organisms

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is the science of classifying living things.

Two main purposes:

To help ___________ ______________

To represent __________ between organisms

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_____________ proposed that all living organisms could be arranged in hierarchical order.

Simple organism at the bottom (e.g. sponges) and advanced organisms at the top (e.g. humans).

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________ ________ (1701-1778):

System based on physical and

structural features

He believed that the more features that

are common between two organism,

the closer they are related

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based on __________ of groups

(called _______ – plural or ________ – singular)

◦ __________ largest / most general taxa

◦ Species smallest taxa

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Domains or Superkingdoms

◦ __________, and

◦ Prokaryotes (Monera)

◦ (_________)

◦ http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDiversity_2.html

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7 Levels (or Taxa) of Classification Kingdom

Phylum

Class ______

Family

Genus Species

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Characteristics become more similar as you _____ ______. The smaller the taxon, the more similar the organisms are within it.

6 Kingdom system

Plantae

Animalia

Monera

Protista

________

Archaebacteria

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http://mwsu-bio101.ning.com/profiles/blogs/2263214:BlogPost:2827

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/ Archae

Early classification divided living organisms into two groups: KINGDOMS: ________ vs. Animalia

the microscope revealed more organisms which were neither plants or animals new kingdom was needed: KINGDOM: ___________

More problems arose Fungi were “plant like” but they did not photosynthesize another kingdom was added:

KINGDOM: Fungi and then KINGDOM: ___________

In 1990’s a new kingdom of specific bacteria in extreme environments was added KINGDOM: ______________

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See text page 12

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Used for naming organisms by ______ names referred to as the scientific name.

Scientific Names:

originate from Latin or Greek words

based on a _______________ (e.g. colour,

habitat)

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_________ – First part of the name.

refers to a group of organisms that are closely related and have similar characteristics.

__________ – Second part of the name.

refers to a group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

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Ursus horribilis – grizzly bear

Ursus americanus – black bear (North American) Ursus maritimus – polar bear

Ursus arctos – brown bear (Alaskan)

Phascolarctos cinereus – koala bear Ailluropoda melanoleuca – panda bear

Scientific name can also be written as the first

letter of the genus followed by the species (e.g. U. horribilis, E. coli)

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http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%20Packets/02%20Classification/00%20Classification%20Packet--WHOLE.htm

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