Intro to call cai

L E C T U R E 1 : I N T R O D U C T I O N

TSL641: CALL

CONTENT

• Introduction to CALL

• Definition

• CALL Applications/Materials

• History of CALL

• Disciplines Related to CALL

• CAI

• Generic CALL

• Microsoft Words

WHAT IS CALL? DEFINITION

• Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) was

the expression agreed upon at the 1983 TESOL

convention in a meeting of all interested

participants.

• This term is widely used to refer to the area of

technology and second language teaching and

learning despite the fact that revisions for the term

are suggested regularly (Chapelle, 2001, p. 3).

WHAT IS CALL? DEFINITION

• Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) may

also be defined as the search for and study of

applications of the computer in language teaching

and learning (Levy, 1997, p.1).

WHAT IS CALL? DEFINITION

• Given the breadth of what may go on in computer-

assisted language learning (CALL), a definition of

CALL that accommodates its changing nature is

any process in which a learner uses a computer

and, as a result, improves his or her language

(Beatty, 2003, p. 7).

OTHER ACRONYMS

• CALL - Computer-assisted language learning, sometimes expanded ascomputer-aided language learning

• CELL - Computer-enhanced language learning: suggests thecomputer's role is to make learning better

• TELL - Technology-enhanced language learning: this accommodatesmore than just computers, often bringing in video and seeing thecomputer as just one part of a larger system. It is increasingly popular asa generic term

• TALL - Technology-assisted language learning: variant of CALL and TELL• CALI - Computer-assisted language instruction: with "instruction" in it, it's

more teaching oriented• CBLT - Computer-based language training: views elements of language

learning as "training" and tends to use an approach with definable,measurable objectives

• IT and ICT - Information Technology/Information and CommunicationTechnologies are common acronyms outside of language teaching,particularly in Europe; sometimes this is presented as IT or ICT for LT(Language Teaching)

• NBLT - Network-Based Language Teaching: focuses on computer-mediated communication and the web

CALL COMPONENTS

• CALL has come to encompass issues of materials

design, technologies, pedagogical theories and

modes of instruction.

CALL MATERIALS

• Materials for CALL can include those which are

purposely-made for language learning and those

which adapt existing computer-based materials,

video and other materials (Beatty, 2003, pp. 7-8).

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

• Two distinct types of Applications or materials for

CALL

• Generic Software Application

• CALL Software Application

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

• Generic Applications

• Multi-purpose programs NOT designed for language

learning and teaching’

• E.g. – MS Words, MS Power Point, MS Excel

• Writing, quizzes, teaching

• Computer-mediated-communication (CMC) E-mail,

weblog, chat, discussion group, SMS etc

• Writing, grammar, speaking, listening

• Web-Browser – using the World Wide Web for Language

teaching and learning

• Authoring Package – Macromedia Flash, Director, ToolBook,

Authorware (can be used for any subjects)

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

Generic

• Adaptation of existing computer-based materials,

videos and others.

• Extremely useful in language teaching when used in

well-designed activities which seek to apply aspects

of the functionality of the software to language

learning situations.

• For example, the use of a word-processor to encourage

drafting, critical reflection and editing is an excellent use of

generic software to further a number of language learningobjectives.

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

CALL Software Application◦ Programs designed specifically to promote language

learning

◦ Designed to promote explicit or implied language learning

objectives and are usually based on the software authors'beliefs about the ways in which students learn languages.

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

• Offer support in the acquisition of knowledge about

language and in the application of that knowledge

both in discrete and in mixed skill activities.

• Can be content-specific in that the teacher cannot

change the linguistic content or the format of the

activities which seek to teach that content.

• Multimedia software supplied on CD-ROM is content-

specific because it is impossible to make any changes to it

CALL APPLICATIONS/MATERIALS

• CALL software applications can also be content-

free in that the teacher can provide the content

which the software then uses as data for the pre-

programmed activities

• Example:

• Wida’s Authoring Suite :

• http://www.wida.co.uk/frame.htm

• Hot Potato

• http://www.englishquizzes.prv.pl

• WinCALIS

CALL APPLICATIONS-AUTHORING SOFTWARE

CALL APPLICATIONS- AUTHORING SOFTWARE

CALL APPLICATIONS-AUTHORING SOFTWARE

CALL APPLICATIONS-AUTHORING SOFTWARE

CALL APPLICATIONS-AUTHORING SOFTWARE

CALL APPLICATIONS – AUTHORING SOFTWARE

• There are many other easy-to-use authoringpackages, for example:

• JClic: A freeware application, formerly know simply asCLIC, developed by Francesc Busquets, for thedevelopment of multimedia activities for languagelearners. With JClic you can create different types ofactivities: puzzles, associations, crosswords,identification activities, exploration activities, open-ended answers, multiple choice, etc.

CALL APPLICATIONS – AUTHORING SOFTWARE

• ContentGenerator: Flash-based tools for thegeneration of quizzes, games and otherapplications.

• Hot Potatoes: This software was especiallydeveloped to create Web-based languageexercises, including multiple choice, gap-filling,matching, jumbled sentences, crosswords andshort text entry. It is used extensively on websitesthat provide interactive exercises and tests. Visitthe Hot Potatoes website to find out more,download the software and see lots of examples:http://hotpot.uvic.ca. See Winke & MacGregor(2001) for a review of Hot Potatoes.

CALL APPLICATIONS – AUTHORING SOFTWARE

• MaxAuthor, an authoring system used to create the Critical LanguageSeries series of Web materials and CD-ROMs at the University of Arizona. Itis available free of charge.

• Quandary, a package from the Hot Potatoes team (see above). What isan Action Maze?

• Quia: Includes lots of ready-made examples in foreign languages and avariety of other subjects - all submitted by keen registered users.

• TaskMagic by mdlsoft.co.uk is another easy-to-use authoring package,ideally suited for creating exercises suitable for children of secondaryschool age. It includes a range of multiple-choice, gap-filling andmatching exercises, including exercises containing audio stiumuli.

• SpellMaster, a simple authoring package for creating vocabularyexercises.

• Vokabel: Vocabulary Training Exercises. Choose an exisiting quiz ofcreate your own.

• Crossword Puzzles:• Instant Online Crossword Puzzle Maker at http://www.puzzle-maker.com/CW/.• Here's another one, called EclipseCrossword:

http://www.greeneclipsesoftware.com/eclipsecrossword/.

CALL COMPONENTS - TECHNOLOGIES

CALL COMPONENTS – PEDAGOGICAL THEORIES

CALL COMPONENTS – MODES OF INSTRUCTION

HISTORY OF CALL

• 1960s and 70s

• Confined to universities with prestigious computer science

department

• Only on big mainframe computers

• The PLATO Project (1960, University of Illinois)

• Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations

• A drill & practice materials – more on vocabulary and grammar

drill

• TICCIT project (1971, Brigham Young University) (Time-Shared,

Interactive, Computer Controlled Information Television)

• Combined TV and computer

HISTORY OF CALL

• 1980s• Microcomputer boom

• Apple the most popular

• Boom in CALL as well

• CALL reached the masses

• The professional associations CALICO (1983) & EUROCALL(1986) are established

• Teachers were more involved in CALL design

• Word-processing came into the picture

• Hypercard & Storyboard• An authoring system was popular

• Text-production (non-linear)

• Reconstruct a text, word by word,

HISTORY OF CALL

• 1990s

• Advent of the Web, the Internet, the world wide network of

networks

• Publically available in 1993

• In Malaysia probably around 1996

• Websites

• Email

• Discussion groups

• Chats

HISTORY OF CALL

• 2000s

• Broadband becomes more widely available, opening up

new possibilities for delivering audio and video materials via

the Web.

• Blogs and podcasts appear.

• You Tube etc

• And many more technologies will appear

• Thus, CALL will evolve, as technologies advances

HISTORY OF CALL

Web 2.0

• Refers to what is perceived as a second generation

of web development and web design. It is

characterized as facilitating communication,

information sharing, interoperability, user-centered

design[1] and collaboration on the World Wide Web.

• It has led to the development and evolution of

web-based communities, hosted services, and web

applications. Examples include social-networking

sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups and

folksonomies.

WEB 2.0

FUTURE OF CALL

• WEB 3.0

• The predicted third generation of the World Wide

Web, usually conjectured to include semantic

tagging of content.

• Does not exist yet.

DISCIPLINES RELATED TO CALL

Disciplines Related to

CALL

Educational Technology

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning.

Artificial Intelligence

Computational Linguistics

Corpus Linguistics

Psychology

Human-Computer Interaction

Instructional Technology and

Design

Applied Linguistics

Computer-Assisted Assessment

CAI – COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION

• The bigger term

• Traditional Term

Computers are used ‘to guide the user througha prescribed course of learning and testing.

The computer assumes the role of teacher,asking questions and assessing the user’sresponses

It refers to the use of computer as a tool tofacilitate and improve instruction.

All are approaches to present topics and teststudents’ understanding.

TYPES OF CAI - PROGRAMS

• Drills and Practice• Exercises for practice

• Tutorials• Learning points

• Simulation• Real situations (e.g. flight simulations)

• Problem Solving• Series of problems and questions to be solved

• Instructional Games• Learning via games

• Test• Online TOEFL etc.

• All types of programs can be combined into onecourseware or websites

DRILLS & PRACTICE

http://a4esl.org/q/h/mc001-ck.html

DRILLS AND PRACTICE

TUTORIALS

SIMULATIONS -HTTP://WWW.LCLARK.EDU/~KRAUSS/TESO

L98/PREJSIM.HTML

SIMULATIONS

• http://www.mcvideogame.com/

• http://www.gamesforchange.org/play/

SIMULATIONS -HTTP://WWW.LCLARK.EDU/~KRAUSS/

TESOL98/PREJSIM.HTML

PROBLEM-SOLVING -HTTP://WWW.MRT.AC.LK/ELTC/ACTIV.HT

ML

PROBLEM SOLVING

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0O2vDdZL8-E

• http://freeenglishlessonplans.com/2013/11/15/deser

t-island-problem-solving-speaking-activity/

GAMES- HTTP://WWW.ENGLISHCLUB.COM/ESL-GAMES/HANGMAN.HTM

TEST – E.G. TOEFL

P L E A S E V I S I T T H E B L O G F O R T O D A Y ’ S L E C T U R E N O T E S

THANK YOU