Intro to Biology & Scientific Method Review. I.Intro to Science - Biology = Study of life A.Characteristics of living things 1. M – Metabolism – the process.

Intro to Biology & Scientific Method Review

I. Intro to Science- Biology = Study of life

A. Characteristics of living things1. M – Metabolism – the process of breaking down large particles smaller particles cells can use

2. R – Respiration – exchanging gases

3. S – Sensitivity – responding to a stimulus (ex. Light)

4. G – Growth – increase in number of cells

5. R – Reproduction (asexual and sexual)

6. E – Excretion – elimination of wastes

7. N – Nutrition – nutrients we consume or produce (plants)

Mnemonic device to remember = MRS. GREN

• Characteristics of living things = MRS GREN

Living or Non-living?

• Virus = Non-living

Living or Non-living?

• Bacteria = living

B. Living things are organized:

1. Atoms molecules organelles cells tissue organs organ system ORGANISM

Common Scientific Lab Equipment

A. Magnifying glassB. Dissecting PanC. T-pinsD. ForcepsE. Dissecting scissorsF. Dissecting needleG. ScalpelH. GogglesI. Triple beam balanceJ. Graduated cylinderK. Test tubeL. Beaker

M. Test tube rackN. Bunsen burnerO. Dropping pipetteP. PipetteQ. Compound microscopeR. Microscope slideS. Cover slipT. Petri dishesU. ThermometerV. FunnelW. Meter stick

C. Scientific Method – a set of outlined procedures for gathering info

1. Make observations2. State the problem/question3. Gather info/research4. Form a hypothesis: an explanation/prediction for a question that is testable

5. Test hypothesis w/ an experiment4 parts of an experimenta) Independent Variable = what the

experimenter changes FIRSTb) Dependent variable = changes as a

result of the independent variablec) Control group – What is not exposed to the independent variable (used for

comparison)d) Constants – what are kept the same

among all groups so that a comparison can be made

6) Make observations & collect data- 2 types of dataa) Qualitative – descriptions (color, texture, size)b) Quantitative – numbers

Ways to represent quant. data (labels are important!!)Data table: organize #s Graphs: visual representation

x-axis – usually shows independent variable

y-axis – “ “ dependent “Types of graphsa) bar– useful for categoriesb) line – comparison of data over timec) pie – percentages

7) Draw conclusions BASED on DATA

8) Repeat

Example (Don’t copy)• Ms. Sivamani loves to eat almonds. She wants to find the best soda to grow

almond trees. She chooses a plot of land and plants 5 rows of almond seeds, equally spaced. On row 1, she uses 1 cup of Fanta daily. Row 2 receives 1 cup of Coke daily. Row 3 gets 1 cup of Pepsi daily. Row 4 gets 1 cup of Mountain Dew daily. Row 5 receives no soda. All the plants are watered daily. After 4 weeks, Ms. Sivamani measures the height of all the trees in inches. She notices that the trees in Row 4 are taller than in all the other rows.

COPY What is/are the…1) testable hypothesis from this experiment?2) independent variable?3) dependent variable?4) control group?5) constants in this experiment?6) Conclusions?7) Any improvements/ changes made to the experiment?

• **Design your own experiment to test whether Tide or Gain is a better laundry detergent to remove grass stains on t-shirts. Make sure you state the independent and dependent variables, the constants, control. State how you would conduct the experiment step-by-step:– 1) hypothesis– 2) Independent variable– 3) Dependent v– 4) Control– 5) Constants– 6) Write out experiment

Design an experiment