INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPY Dwi Indria Anggraini Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of Medicine – Lampung University
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPYDwi Indria AnggrainiDept. of Pharmacology and TherapyFaculty of Medicine – Lampung University
Definitions
Pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetic• Pharmacodynamic
Pharmacy
Pharmacognosy
Clinical Pharmacolog
y
Pharmacogenetic
Pharmacotherapeutic
Pharmacoeconomic
The knowledge of : History, source,
Physical & chemical Properties,
compounding, biochemical & physiological
effects, mechanism of actions, absorption, distribution,
biotransformation & excretion,
therapeutic & other uses of drugs(Benet, 1997)
The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
( = medical /clinical
pharmacology)
(Katzung,1997)
Pharmacology
•The study of absorption, distributions, biotransformation and excretion of drugs•What the body do to the drugs•Fate of the drug in the body•Involved in how the concentration of drug in the body varies with time
Pharmacokinetics
•The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action•What the drug do to the body
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacy :The scientific study about preparing, compounding and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacognosy :The branch of pharmacology that study about sources of drugs.
Clinical Pharmacology:The scientific study of drugs in man
The study of the drugs use in the prevention & treatment of disease
Some mechanism of actions of drugs :• Stimulate / depress biochemical or
physiological functions relief of symptoms
• Alter the course of disease
• Eliminate the pathogenic cells / organisms
Pharmacotherpeutics
Study relationship of genetics factors to variations in drug response (Brody, 1998)
Concerned with drugs responses that are governed by heredity (Laurence & Bennet, 1987) Inherited causal factors are :
• Biochemical – genes govern the production enzymes• Anatomical – mydriatics induced glaucoma in
patients with a shallow anterior eye chamber
Pharmacogenetics
Aspect of pharmacology that deals with AEs of drugs
Concerned with- drugs used in therapy- chemical household and industrial
intoxication
Toxicology
Chemical agent that effect the living process
Any substance used to modify physiological system OR pathological condition for the benefit of the recipient
So… what is drug?
Essential drugsmeet the health of the majority of
population
Generic drugsmarketed by any producers under non-
proprietary (=INN) / branded namesexp: paracetamol
Patent drugs (branded drug)pharmaceutical products marketed
under branded namesexp: Panadol, tempra
Drugs…
a. on-ethical drugs sold without R/• Unlimited drugs (B-class) = OTC drugs• Without cautionary labeling
• Limited drugs (W-class) = semi OTC drugs• With cautionary labeling• Pharmacy/licenced drug store
b. Ethical drugs sold with R/• Potent drugs (G-class)• Narcotics drugs (O-class)
Drugs in the market: classification…
K
Thank You.....