ABSTRACT Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ( AAS) instrument is used to measures the absorption of light at specific wavelengths by elements in the Free State, such as calcium. The objective of this eperiment is to detect calcium in the supplement tablets. Then, this eperiment was conducted to compare the concentration of un!nown sample (commercial calcium supplement) with the amount of calcium that needed by human. "n!nown sample was prepared and the data obtained was used to construct calibration curve. The concentration values that were obtained from calibration curve are #$%.&#, ##'.'%, .'%, $*.& and #+.%ppm which respect to the p- ', , , %, and +. This showed that the larger the p- level, the less acidic a substance is. Since the re lati onship between the p- level and the concentrati on of the un!no wn soluti on wa s determined, the effectiveness of the p- solubility and the digestion system in the human. 1
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The eperiment was conduct to determine the calcium content present in commercial
tablets using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). alcium is an essential mineral found in
great abundance in the body and also essential for living organisms mostly in cell physiology. As
a major material used in minerali/ation of bones and shells, calcium is the most abundant metal
by mass in many animals and in humans. 0inety1 nine percent (##2) of all the calcium in the
body is found in the bones and teeth. The remaining one percent ('2) is in the blood. alcium
plays important roles in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. 3tracellular
calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across ecitable cell
membranes, as well as proper bone formation. 4f calcium levels in the blood drop below normal
levels, calcium is transferred from the bones to the blood in order to maintain blood calcium
levels. Therefore, it is important to consume sufficient calcium to maintain ade5uate blood and
bone calcium levels.
alcium supplements are used to prevent and to treat calcium deficiencies. 6ost eperts
recommend that supplements be ta!en with food and that no more than * mg should be ta!en
at a time because the percent of calcium absorbed decreases as the amount of calcium in the
supplement increases. 4t is recommended to increase doses throughout the day. 4n addition, they
also recommended that daily calcium inta!e for adults7 ranges from ' to '+ mg and
suggested to ta!e supplements with food to support in absorption.
Atomic spectroscopy is the determination of elemental composition by its
electromagnetic or mass spectrum. The study of the electromagnetic spectrum of elements is
called 8ptical Atomic Spectroscopy. 3lectrons eist in energy levels within an atom. These
levels have well defined energies and electrons moving between them must absorb or emit
energy e5ual to the difference between them. 4n optical spectroscopy, the energy absorbed to
move an electron to a more energetic level and9or the energy emitted as the electron moves to aless energetic energy level is in the form of a photon. The wavelength of the emitted radiant
energy is directly related to the electronic transition which has occurred. Since every element has
a uni5ue electronic structure, the wavelength of light emitted is a uni5ue property of each
individual element. As the orbital configuration of a large atom may be comple, there are many
Atomic absorption measures the amount of light at the resonant wavelength which is
absorbed as it passes through a cloud of atoms. As the number of atoms in the light path
increases, the amount of light absorbed increases in a predictable way. ;y measuring the amount
of light absorbed, a 5uantitative determination of the amount of analyst element present can be
made. The use of special light sources and careful selection of wavelength allow the specific
5uantitative determination of individual elements in the presence of others. The atom obscure
re5uired for atomic absorption measurements is produced by supplying enough thermal energy to
the sample to dissociate the chemical compounds into free atoms. Aspirating a solution of the
sample into a flame aligned in the light beam serves this purpose. "nder the proper flame
conditions, most of the atoms will remain in the ground state form and are capable of absorbing
light at the analytical wavelength from a source lamp. The ease and speed at which precise and
accurate determinations can be made with this techni5ue have made atomic absorption one of the
most popular methods for the determination of metals.
The use of light absorption measurements to determine concentrations of atoms is called
atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Although this phenomenon has been studied since early
in the nineteenth century, it was about '#* when the techni5ue became part of the analytical
repertoire, in large part as a conse5uence of wor! by @alsh in Australia. ;ecause of the
simplicity of the electronic structure of an atom (compared with a molecule), and the absence of
vibration and rotational transitions, atomic spectra are simpler than molecular spectra. 4nstead of
the band spectra characteristic of molecular absorption in the "> and visible regions, atoms
ehibit line spectra that is, the absorption pea!s are so narrow that they are essentially lines.
Some subtle effects are responsible for producing lines of finite width, but they are etremely
narrow nevertheless, with line widths of .'1.'A being typical. As a conse5uence, AAS is
capable of high specificity, since the narrow lines minimi/e the overlapping absorption so
common in molecular band spectra. As in any form of absorption spectroscopy, the light source
must generate radiation that includes the fre5uency that is absorbed by the sample. 4n AAS,etreme specificity is achieved by using as the light source a lamp whose emitting element is
identical with the element to be determined. The most common AAS flame gas miture is air1
acetylene, which generates a flame temperature of B.