Intro and Chapter 1

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CSE 5346 – Networks II: High CSE 5346 – Networks II: High Performance NetworksPerformance Networks

Summer 2007, Section 001Summer 2007, Section 001

Mike O’DellMike O’DellSenior LecturerSenior Lecturer

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IntroductionIntroduction

Performance and Performance and Quality of Quality of ServiceService

Introduction3

CSE 5346 – High Performance CSE 5346 – High Performance NetworksNetworks Instructor: Mike O’Dell (Instructor: Mike O’Dell ([email protected]@cse.uta.edu)) GTA: Hyun Jung (Stella) Choe (GTA: Hyun Jung (Stella) Choe ([email protected]@cse.uta.edu) ) Class Web Site: Class Web Site: http://http://ranger.uta.edu/~odellranger.uta.edu/~odell// Required Text: Required Text: High-Speed Networks and High-Speed Networks and

Internets - Performance and Quality of ServiceInternets - Performance and Quality of Service,, Second Edition, William Stallings, Prentice Hall, Second Edition, William Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2002 (ISBN: 0-13-032221-0)2002 (ISBN: 0-13-032221-0)

Course Objective: Have some fun, and learn how Course Objective: Have some fun, and learn how modern networks provide high performance and modern networks provide high performance and advanced classes of service, advanced classes of service, with a with a focusfocus on on topics such as high-performance networks like topics such as high-performance networks like ATM, ATM, performance factors performance factors and performance and performance modeling, modeling, quality of service quality of service protocols in IP protocols in IP networks, and investigate voice-over-IP, mobile IP networks, and investigate voice-over-IP, mobile IP networks.networks.

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Course Foundation Course Foundation Assumptions (pre-requisites)Assumptions (pre-requisites) Good understanding of packet-switched Good understanding of packet-switched

networking concepts and principles of networking concepts and principles of operationoperation

Good understanding of Internet Good understanding of Internet protocols and architectures (e.g., IP protocols and architectures (e.g., IP protocol stack)protocol stack)

Solid foundation in computer operating Solid foundation in computer operating systems fundamentalssystems fundamentals

Ability to learn simple programming Ability to learn simple programming languages (such as ns/2 tcl, C/C++)languages (such as ns/2 tcl, C/C++)

Ability to perform independent research, Ability to perform independent research, analyze findings and document resultsanalyze findings and document results

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy Web Site:Web Site: http://http://ranger.uta.edu/~odellranger.uta.edu/~odell//

– Schedule, Syllabus, Class Materials/InformationSchedule, Syllabus, Class Materials/Information EmailEmail - will be used for time-critical info - will be used for time-critical info

– Send me an email note from your Send me an email note from your preferred preferred email accountemail account with your with your full name and full name and “CSE5346” in the subject line“CSE5346” in the subject line todaytoday

ScheduleSchedule– Ambitious... may be modified... check web site Ambitious... may be modified... check web site

frequentlyfrequently AttendanceAttendance… expected, see Grading … expected, see Grading

PolicyPolicy Make-Up PolicyMake-Up Policy

– Homework, Programs/Projects: 10%/day, Homework, Programs/Projects: 10%/day, max max of 40%,of 40%, then zero then zero

– Quizzes and Exams: Quizzes and Exams: NONO make-ups. make-ups. NONO early early exams/quizzes. exams/quizzes. Absence = zero grade.Absence = zero grade.

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy Grading PolicyGrading Policy

– Project (4 phases)Project (4 phases) 24% (6% per 24% (6% per phase)phase)

– Project DefenseProject Defense 4% 4%– Quizzes (5)Quizzes (5) 25%25%– Presentation Presentation 5% 5%– Exam 1Exam 1 21%21%– Exam 2Exam 2 21%21%

Final Grade Assignment (typical-Final Grade Assignment (typical-guideline onlyguideline only))– Based on final numeric score out of 100% Based on final numeric score out of 100%

possible:possible: A > 85% B 85% – 75% C 75% - 65% D 65% - 55% F 55% & below

– GenerallyGenerally final grades are curved based on class final grades are curved based on class performance relative to all previous O’Dell CN2 performance relative to all previous O’Dell CN2 classesclasses

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy HonestyHonesty… expected, dishonesty will not … expected, dishonesty will not

be toleratedbe tolerated– Discussions, brainstorming are encouraged, Discussions, brainstorming are encouraged,

HOWEVERHOWEVER– Homework, Final Paper & Programming Homework, Final Paper & Programming

Assignments, Quizzes, Exams, etc. are to be Assignments, Quizzes, Exams, etc. are to be YOUR individual workYOUR individual work

– See the See the UTA UTA Handbook of Operating Handbook of Operating ProceduresProcedures or the Judicial Affairs website at or the Judicial Affairs website at http://www2.uta.edu/disciplinehttp://www2.uta.edu/discipline

Cheating Collusion Plagiarism

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy

Office HoursOffice Hours– General Rule:General Rule: If it’s not during scheduled office If it’s not during scheduled office

hours,or if you don’t have an appointment….. I’m hours,or if you don’t have an appointment….. I’m not in.not in.

– Individual grades or questions on grading of Individual grades or questions on grading of individual quizzes, exams, etc. are discussed individual quizzes, exams, etc. are discussed only during office hours (i.e. only during office hours (i.e. NOTNOT at the end of at the end of class period)class period)

– Mr. O’Dell’s Office Hours (NH 342)Mr. O’Dell’s Office Hours (NH 342) Tuesday & Thursday, 3:15pm – 4:30pm, or Wednesday afternoon by appointment.

– Ms. Choe’s Office Hours – TBD (EOB-W 117)Ms. Choe’s Office Hours – TBD (EOB-W 117) TBD

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy Various Other “stuff”Various Other “stuff”

– Quizzes and exams will coverQuizzes and exams will cover topics from topics from classroom discussion, presentation slides classroom discussion, presentation slides (unless specifically eliminated, whether covered (unless specifically eliminated, whether covered in class or not), and assigned reading.in class or not), and assigned reading.

– Individual challenges to scoringIndividual challenges to scoring will not be will not be addressed in the classroom. See GTA or Mr. addressed in the classroom. See GTA or Mr. O’Dell during office hours.O’Dell during office hours.

– Letters of recommendation/referenceLetters of recommendation/reference – – only after end of the semester, and must rank in only after end of the semester, and must rank in top 15% of class.top 15% of class.

– Simulation tool will not be taught -Simulation tool will not be taught - ns/2 ns/2 tutorial will be offeredtutorial will be offered by Stella Choe on by Stella Choe on ThursdayThursday

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Class Administration & Class Administration & PolicyPolicy

Tutorial – ns/2 Tutorial – ns/2 Taught by GTA (Hyun Jung Choe)Taught by GTA (Hyun Jung Choe)

– Will focus on practical examples, Will focus on practical examples, simulator set-up, etc.simulator set-up, etc.

– Offered Offered one time onlyone time only– During class time on this ThursdayDuring class time on this Thursday

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What will we cover?What will we cover?

Networking Introduction/ReviewNetworking Introduction/Review– Today… setting the stageToday… setting the stage

Frame Relay, ATM & High Speed LANsFrame Relay, ATM & High Speed LANs Performance Modeling and EstimationPerformance Modeling and Estimation Congestion, Network Traffic Congestion, Network Traffic

Analysis/Management and RoutingAnalysis/Management and Routing Quality of ServiceQuality of Service Compression Standards and PracticeCompression Standards and Practice Advanced Topics (time permitting): VoIP, Advanced Topics (time permitting): VoIP,

Mobile IP, Mobile AgentsMobile IP, Mobile Agents

Som

e R

evie

w

New

Con

tent

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How will we cover it?How will we cover it?

Classroom lecturesClassroom lecturesQuizzes and examsQuizzes and exams Incremental modeling and Incremental modeling and

simulation project using ns/2simulation project using ns/2Self-study research, and simulation Self-study research, and simulation

reports by studentsreports by studentsStudy and student presentations on Study and student presentations on

relevant papers & RFCsrelevant papers & RFCs

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Chapter 1 - IntroductionChapter 1 - Introduction

An Overview of An Overview of Networking - the Networking - the Need for Need for SpeedSpeed and Quality of and Quality of ServiceService

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Growth of the InternetGrowth of the Internet

As of January 2005 … As of January 2005 … > 300 million “computers” > 300 million “computers” in 209 countriesin 209 countries

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What is an/the Internet?What is an/the Internet? connected computing connected computing

devices: devices: hosts, end-hosts, end-systemssystems– PC’s, workstations, PC’s, workstations,

serversservers– PDA’s, phones, PDA’s, phones,

toasters, carstoasters, cars

running running network network applicationsapplications

communication linkscommunication links– fiber, copper, radio, fiber, copper, radio,

satellitesatellite routers/switches:routers/switches:

forward packets forward packets (chunks) of data thru (chunks) of data thru networknetwork

router workstation

servermobile

local ISPlocal ISP

companycompanynetworknetwork

regional ISPregional ISP

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The The Need for Speed!Need for Speed! ScaleScale

– growing growing number number of hostsof hosts -> -> growing demands growing demands on bandwidthon bandwidth

– new technologiesnew technologies result in new result in new paradigms for paradigms for device and device and connection typesconnection types

e.g. ??e.g. ??

ApplicationApplication– demand for demand for large large

to huge file to huge file transferstransfers

– increasing critical increasing critical nature of Internet nature of Internet useuse

– demand for demand for “real-“real-time”time” performance performance characteristicscharacteristics

– demand for demand for guarantees of guarantees of serviceservice levels levels

e.g. ??e.g. ??

User User Expectations!Expectations!

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High-Speed Networks: High-Speed Networks: IDN to ATMIDN to ATM IDNIDN (Integrated Digital Network) (Integrated Digital Network)

– early ’60s, answer to growth of digital, early ’60s, answer to growth of digital, computer-controlled, circuit-switched computer-controlled, circuit-switched networkingnetworking

– WE 4ESS introduced in 1976, 1WE 4ESS introduced in 1976, 1stst large scale large scale commercial time-division switchcommercial time-division switch

ISDNISDN (Integrated Services Digital (Integrated Services Digital Network)Network)– integratedintegrated voice and data on the same voice and data on the same

digital transmission links/exchangesdigital transmission links/exchanges– small incremental cost for data over existing small incremental cost for data over existing

digital voice networkdigital voice network

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High-Speed Networks: High-Speed Networks: IDN to ATMIDN to ATMFrame RelayFrame Relay

– popularized standard (c. 1988) for popularized standard (c. 1988) for packet switching over ISDNpacket switching over ISDN

– most widely deployed WAN technology most widely deployed WAN technology in use todayin use today

B-ISDNB-ISDN (Broadband ISDN) (Broadband ISDN)– c. 1988: emerging demand for c. 1988: emerging demand for

broadband servicesbroadband services– new high-speed technologies availablenew high-speed technologies available– emerging bandwidth hungry emerging bandwidth hungry

applicationsapplications

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High-Speed Networks: High-Speed Networks: IDN to ATMIDN to ATM ATM ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

– early ’90s outgrowth of emerging need for early ’90s outgrowth of emerging need for high-speed switching over B-ISDN WANhigh-speed switching over B-ISDN WAN

– rapidly evolved as high-speed rapidly evolved as high-speed packet packet switchingswitching technology of its own accord technology of its own accord

– primary deployment today is:primary deployment today is: public network infrastructure LAN backbone private network, VPN WAN

– services not widely deployed/available until services not widely deployed/available until late-’90s.late-’90s.

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High-Speed Networks: High-Speed Networks: ATM Backbone ExampleATM Backbone Example

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High-Speed Networks: High-Speed Networks: LANsLANsHigh-speed LANsHigh-speed LANs

– driven by explosive growth in speed driven by explosive growth in speed and and computing powercomputing power of PCs in 1990s of PCs in 1990s

– emergence of emergence of client-serverclient-server computing computing architecturearchitecture

– use of centralized use of centralized serverserver farms farms– emergence of “power workgroups” emergence of “power workgroups”

and and workgroup applicationsworkgroup applications– need for local high-speed LAN need for local high-speed LAN

backbonesbackbones

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IP-based Internets (aka IP-based Internets (aka TCP/IP networks)TCP/IP networks)Internetworking:Internetworking: the dominant the dominant

paradigm of computer networkingparadigm of computer networking

Evolution - key internetworking Evolution - key internetworking technologies:technologies: packet switching packet switching TCP/IPTCP/IP

– TCP: reliable end-to-end transportTCP: reliable end-to-end transport– IP: internet routing and deliveryIP: internet routing and delivery

dynamic routing, load balancingdynamic routing, load balancing high speed Ethernet LANshigh speed Ethernet LANs

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The Need for Improved The Need for Improved (better) Levels of Service(better) Levels of Service Internet Internet Best-Best-

EffortEffort Service Service– all packets all packets

treated equallytreated equally– designed for designed for

elastic trafficelastic traffic– no guarantees of no guarantees of

bandwidth or bandwidth or throughputthroughput

– no guarantees of no guarantees of delaydelay

– no guarantee of no guarantee of jitter (delay jitter (delay variation)variation)

ApplicationsApplications– often create often create

inelasticinelastic traffic traffic– often sensitive to often sensitive to

delaydelay– often sensitive to often sensitive to

jitterjitter– often critical in often critical in

naturenature– generate elastic generate elastic

traffic as welltraffic as well

User User Requirements!Requirements!

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Delay Sensitivity & Delay Sensitivity & CriticalityCriticality

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Delays in Packet Switched Delays in Packet Switched (e.g. IP) Networks(e.g. IP) Networks End-to-end delay (simplified) =End-to-end delay (simplified) =

(d(dpropprop + d + dtranstrans + d + dqueuequeue + d + dprocproc) x Q) x Q

BA

Where:Propagation delay (dprop)

Transmission delay (dtrans)

Queuing delay (dqueue)

Processing delay (dproc)Number of links (Q)

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So what’s the problem?So what’s the problem?

What makes this so What makes this so hard?hard?(I.e., what are we going to focus (I.e., what are we going to focus on in this course.)on in this course.)

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Delays in Packet Switched Delays in Packet Switched (e.g. IP) Networks(e.g. IP) Networks End-to-end delay (simplified) =End-to-end delay (simplified) =

– (d(dpropprop + d + dtranstrans + d + dqueuequeue + d + dprocproc)) … … on each linkon each link

More laterMore later

BA Where:

Propagation delay (dprop) = d/s

Transmission delay (dtrans) = L/R

Queuing delay (dqueue) = ??

Processing delay (dproc) = ??Number of links (Q) = ??