Intro 3 glorious and scot

The ‘Glorious Revolution’ and Union

with Scotland

Religious conflict in 17th-Century Europe

Oliver Cromwell

Restoration of Monarchy, 1660

Children to the executed Charles I, next in line to the throne: Charles II, Mary, and James

Charles II – Son to the executed Charles I

Coronation of Charles II: 1660

Great Fire of London 1666

Charles II’s father Charles I and his mother, the French Catholic Henrietta

Charles II’s wife: Catherine of Braganza

Charles II’s brother: James

Charles II’s brother James

Mary of Modena (James’s wife)

Charles II’s Catholic connections:• Father: Charles I, executed for trying to return England to Catholicism• Mother: Henrietta, French wife of executed Charles I• Wife: Catherine of Braganza, from Portugal• Cousin: Louis XIV of France• Brother: James (later James II)• Brother’s wife: Mary of Modena, from Italy

Children to the executed Charles I, next in line to the throne: Charles II, Mary, and James

Coronation of James II (1685)

Revoke of Edict of Nantes in France, 1685

Children to the executed Charles I, next in line to the throne: Charles II, Mary, and James

Princess Mary: Protestant sister to Charles II and James II

William of Orange

William of Orange and Princess Mary

The ‘Glorious Revolution’

Bill of Rights 1689

Provisions in the Bill of Rights 1689 (from wikipedia)• laws should not be dispensed with or suspended without the consent of Parliament;• no taxes should be levied without the authority of Parliament;• the right to petition the monarch should be without fear of retribution;• no standing army may be maintained during peacetime without the consent of Parliament;• Protestant subjects may have arms for their defence as suitable to their class and as allowed by law;• the election of members of Parliament should be free;• the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament should not to be impeached or

questioned in any court or place out of Parliament;• excessive bail should not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment

inflicted;• jurors should be duly impannelled and returned and jurors in high treason trials should be freeholders;• promises of fines or forfeitures before conviction are void;• Parliaments should be held frequently.

Act of Settlement (1701)

Act of Settlement (1701)• The monarch "shall join in communion with the Church of England.”• If a person not native to England comes to the throne, England will not wage war for "any

dominions or territories which do not belong to the Crown of England, without the consent of Parliament.”

• No monarch may leave "the dominions of England, Scotland, or Ireland," without the consent of Parliament.

• All government matters within the jurisdiction of the Privy Council were to be transacted there, and all council resolutions were to be signed by those who advised and consented to them.

• No foreigner, even if naturalised (unless born of English parents) shall be allowed to be a Privy Councillor or a member of either House of Parliament, or hold "any office or place of trust, either civil or military, or to have any grant of lands, tenements or hereditaments from the Crown, to himself or to any other or others in trust for him.”

• No person who has an office under the monarch, or receives a pension from the Crown, can be a Member of Parliament (MP).

• Judges' commissions are valid quamdiu se bene gesserint (during good behaviour) and if they do not behave themselves, they can be removed only by both Houses of Parliament, or the one House of Parliament, depending on the legislature's structure.

• No pardon by the monarch can save someone from being impeached by the House of Commons.

Scotland

Scotch (or ‘Doric Scottish dialect’), spoken in much of the Lowlands

Scottish Gaelic (spoken in much of the Highlands)

Shared Monarchy of England and Scotland

Scottish parliament in Edinburgh

Bank of Scotland

William Paterson (trader and banker)

The Darien Strip, near Panama

Panama Canal

‘Company of Scotland’ flag

The ‘Darien Chest’

Key elements of the Act of Union 1707• I. THAT the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England shall upon the first day of May next ensuing the date hereof, and

for ever after, be united into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN• II. THAT the Succession of the Monarchy to the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and of the Dominions thereto

belonging, after Her Most Sacred Majesty, and in Default of Issue of Her Majesty, be, remain, and continue to the Most Excellent Princess Sophia, Electoress and Dutchess Dowager of Hanover, and the Heirs of her Body being Protestants…

• III. THAT the United Kingdom of Great Britain be Represented by one and the same Parliament to be stiled The Parliament of Great Britain.

• IV. THAT all the Subjects of the United Kingdom of Great Britain shall, from and after the Union, have full Freedom and Intercourse of Trade and Navigation to and from any Port or Place within the said United Kingdom and the Dominions and Plantations thereunto belonging;

• XVI. THAT from and after the Union, the Coin shall be of the same Standard and Value• XVII. THAT from and after the Union, the same Weights and Measures shall be used throughout the United Kingdom• XVIII. THAT the Laws concerning Regulation of Trade, Customs, and such Excises to which Scotland is, by virtue of this

Treaty, to be lyable, be the same in Scotland, • XXII. THAT by virtue of this Treaty, of the Peers of Scotland, at the Time of the Union, sixteen shall be the Number to sit

and vote in the House of Lords, and forty-five the Number of the Representatives of Scotland in the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain

Act of Union 1707