INTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’S POEMS

INTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’S POEMSINTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’ POEMS BABIES AND THE UNBORN ONES
A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Strata 1 (S1)
Hisbiyallah Gufron 105026000897
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
JAKARTA
2010
ABSTRACT
Hisbiyallah Gufron, 105026000897, Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010. The research is aimed at achieving comprehensive understanding regarding the use of intrinsic elements in building the theme intended to be delivered to the readers within the two poems of Michele Amas, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. It uses qualitative method which concerns in the effort of analysis the intrinsic elements of the poems and tabulates the data of poem. The data collected by the poem and will be analyzed qualitatively based on figure of speech and any related theory approaches. The research discussed Michele Amas poems. The objectives of the research are to know about the intrinsic elements utilized in Michele Amas poems, to know the meaning of them, and their contribution in building the themes of the poems. Here the writer studied two poems as the objects of the study, they were: Babies and the Unborn Ones. Those poems were studied by using descriptive qualitative method and content analysis technique. Those poems are carefully and accurately analyzed using the intrinsic element theory. In this research, the writer found tone, diction and three figures of speech. Those are: symbol, metaphor and synecdoche. As the conclusion, the writer ascertains the dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Those dominant intrinsic elements give the contribution in building the theme. By understanding and delivering them, the writer able to unveil the theme. Furthermore, the two poems have different theme, the first poem, Babies, the theme is the devotion of parents in the care of babies. The second poem, The Unborn Ones, the theme is Bewildered to have children and risk occurs later.
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APPROVEMENT
INTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’S POEMS Babies and the Unborn Ones
A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Strata One (S1)
Hisbiyallah Gufron 105026000897
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
JAKARTA
2010
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LEGALIZATION
The thesis entitled “Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, ‘Babies and the Unborn Ones’ ” has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on April 27, 2010. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata 1.
Jakarta, April 27 2010
Examination Committee
Signature Date
1. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Chair Person) _________ _________ 19650919 200003 1 002
2. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Secretary) _________ _________ 19640710 199303 1 006
3. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum (Advisor) _________ _________ 19780126 200312 2 002
4. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Examiner I) _________ _________ 19640710 199303 1 006
5. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Examiner II) _________ _________ 19781003 200112 2 002
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, the best of my
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the University or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Jakarta, 27th of April 2010
Hisbiyallah Gufron
105026000897
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise and thanks are Allah’s, the lord of the Lord of “Alamin
(mankind, jinn and all that exists) and peace be upon the Master of the
Messenger, Muhammad S.A.W.
The thesis is submitted in partial accomplishment of the requirements for the
Strata 1 Degree to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters Department
State Islamic Unversity Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
In the terms of completion of his study, the writer would like to express his
deepest gratitude to the Dean of Adab and Humaties Faculty, Dr. H. Abd. Wahid
Hasyim, MAg, the Head of English Letters Department, Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd., the
secretary of English Letters, Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd., Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M
Hum, and to all my lecturers who have taught him a lot of things during his study.
The writer’s family deserves his deepest esteem more than who ever (Zuhri
Al-Anshari, Nyai Shafwatunnisa, Aulia Rahman Farid, Ayatullah Qori and Nenden
Maulida Fitria), since they who always support the writer; financially, morally and
spiritually. This is the only his initial step to the future.
Additionally, the writer is heartily thankful to the individuals too numerous to
mention who have given suggestions, corrections, and criticisms, especially, Mrs.
Inayatul Chusna, M Hum., as the writer’s thesis advisor, whose guidance, patience,
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support and encouragement from the initial to the final level enabled him to develop
an understanding of the subject.
The writer is indebted to many of his colleagues to support him: the student of
class A 2005 for being his classmates – the writer really enjoyed the four – year -
friendship with all you guys, Kasmir, M. Qushoy, Aden, Mashuri, Nur Ali Basmalah,
Iqbal, and Yousef for being the immortal fellows, and special thanks for Lela who
always give the best in every part of the writer life, also Dewirini, Jay, Ayunk,
Galih,Yeni, Fanny, Eni for laughs and every funniest things you guys brought.
Lastly, The writer offers his regards and blessings to all of those who
supported him in any respect—his friends; Mr. Didi KH, Mr. Suhendi, Mr. Ooz, Mr.
Fauzi for being kinds and for the treatments, vendors, typing, internet, and librarians,
Adab and Humanities Faculty staffs for being kind during the completion this thesis.
Jakarta, April 2010
C. Research Questions ………………………………………...... 3
E. Research Methodology ………………………………………. 4
3. Data analysis …………………………………….......... 4
5. Unit Analysis …………………………………………...... 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK …………………… 6 1. The Meaning of poetry ……………………………………….. 6
2. The Intrinsic Element of Poetry ……………………………… 7
a. Tone ………………………………………………………. 8
b. Diction ……………………………………………………. 9
c. Figure of speech ………………………………………….. 10
1. Metaphor ……………………………………………... 11 2. Synecdoche …………………………………………... 11 3. Symbol ……………………………………………….. 14 Theme ……………………………………………………. 15
3. Explication ………………………………………………….. 17
A. Babies ……………………………………………................. 18
2. Table Data Description of Babies …………………………. 19
3. Intrinsic Elements in Babies ……………………………….. 19
4. Intrinsic Elements Contributing in building the theme …….. 25
B. The Unborn Ones……………………………………………… 27
1. Explication of Babies ……………………………………… 27
2. Table Data Description of Babies …………………………. 29
3. Intrinsic Elements in Babies ……………………………….. 29
4. Intrinsic Elements Contributing in building the theme …….. 32
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS ………………. 34
A. Conclusions……………………………………………... ……. 34
B. Suggestions ……………………………………………........... 36
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ABSTRACT
Hisbiyallah Gufron, 105026000897, Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010. The research is aimed at achieving comprehensive understanding regarding the use of intrinsic elements in building the theme intended to be delivered to the readers within the two poems of Michele Amas, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. It uses qualitative method which concerns in the effort of analysis the intrinsic elements of the poems and tabulates the data of poem. The data collected by the poem and will be analyzed qualitatively based on figure of speech and any related theory approaches. The research discussed Michele Amas poems. The objectives of the research are to know about the intrinsic elements utilized in Michele Amas poems, to know the meaning of them, and their contribution in building the themes of the poems. Here the writer studied two poems as the objects of the study, they were: Babies and the Unborn Ones. Those poems were studied by using descriptive qualitative method and content analysis technique. Those poems are carefully and accurately analyzed using the intrinsic element theory. In this research, the writer found tone, diction and three figures of speech. Those are: symbol, metaphor and synecdoche. As the conclusion, the writer ascertains the dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Those dominant intrinsic elements give the contribution in building the theme. By understanding and delivering them, the writer able to unveil the theme. Furthermore, the two poems have different theme, the first poem, Babies, the theme is the devotion of parents in the care of babies. The second poem, The Unborn Ones, the theme is Bewildered to have children and risk occurs later.
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A. Background of the study
Poetry is one of literary works that more superiority than the other works,
because inside the word in poetry there is language that says more and says it more
intensely than ordinary language.1 It means the language in the poem needs more
effort. Poetry is written to be enjoyed because in poem usually used supported
elements to enrich the meaning and bring the reader imagination to her or his minds.
“The point about poetry and the other form of literature is that the choice of
words and elements inside which used by the author”.2 To create a good poetry, a
poet usually used supported elements in poem that usually called by intrinsic
elements such as figure of speech, diction and tone to enrich the meaning and made
the reader feels easy to understand what the poet means. In this Thesis, the writer
would analysis two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The Babies and Unborn ones.
Those poems are similar in some ways and different in others. Especially, figure of
speech, tone and diction.
The intrinsic element has important rules in analyzing the real meaning of the
poem, because by analyzing the intrinsic element the writer will be unveil the
message in the poem. In this Thesis the writer tries to make connections between
texts or ideas, engage in critical thinking, and go beyond more description or
summary to generate interested analysis. The writer also focuses on the words of
1 Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8th ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992),p.3. 2 Richard Gill, Mastering English Literature ( New York : Mac Millan, 1995), p.4
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text rather than fact about the author’s life or the biographical in which it was written.
In the word of the texts, the writer can explore every stanza, line and word with his
own analysis. The poem needs to be discussed and analyzed directly by the writer
himself, and the writer understands the message and the depth of true meaning
contain on the poem.
The writer would pay attention to the formal features of the text, tone and
diction. So, by using descriptive qualitative method, the writer able to analyze two
Michele Amas’ poems collected in the main title “Daughter”.
Michele Amas is a poet. She has a background in performing arts and has
worked as an actor and director for theatre, television and radio. Her poem ‘Daugther’
was selected for Best New Zealand poems 2005. In these poems, the writer assumes
that Michele Amas poems use diction, tone and figure of speech to enrich her poems.
Therefore, the writer becomes interested in analyzing the intrinsic element on
Michele Amas’ poem.
B. Research Methodology
Based on the research question above, the writer has the objectives of the
research as follows; to describe about the dominant of intrinsic elements utilized in
the poems of babies and the unborn ones and to know their contribution in building
the themes between of the poems of babies and the unborn ones.
This Thesis uses descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher
makes a personal assessment as to a description that fits the situation or themes that
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capture the major categories of information. The data are collected from the sentences
that contain intrinsic element in the poem, and then the writer will identify and
interpret those to find out the intrinsic elements and theme of the poems.
The instrument of the research is the writer uses himself by identifying the
occurrences of intrinsic element and finding out the theme in the poems throughout
many ways such as reading, pointing out, classifying and understanding the poems.
The unit of analysis of this thesis is two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The
Babies and Unborn ones published in New Zealand 2005. The poems accessed on the
website, http://www.victoria.ac.nz.
In this research the writer uses intrinsic analysis by reading the poems several
times and finding out the sentences that use the intrinsic element, then the writer will
present the meaning of the sentences that contain intrinsic element and discusses
kinds of dominant intrinsic elements in Michele Amas’ poems and their contribution
in building the themes of the poems.
This research is conducted on ninth to ten semester in 2009 / 2010, held in
Jakarta, as the last assignment to fulfill the under graduate degree in the Letters and
Humanity faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
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1. The Meaning of Poetry
Laurence Perrine defines poetry as “a kind of language that says more and
says it more intensely than ordinary language.” 3 Poetry can both broaden and
intensify experience, or it might present a range of experiences beyond the realm
of personal possibility for the individual listener. It can also illuminate, clarify,
deepen an everyday occurrence in a way the reader never considered, making the
reader see more and feel more than ever before.
2. The Intrinsic elements of poetry
The intrinsic elements are the analysis of the literature itself without
looking the relation with the external aspect.4 In the intrinsic elements the
readers have to analyze several elements. Such as, figure of speech, tone, diction
and etc.
There are several elements which make up a good poem. In brief, they are
described below.
a. Tone
Tone , in literature, may be defined as the writer's or speaker's attitude
toward the subject, the audience, or toward herself/himself.5
3 Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8th ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992),p.3. 4 Stanton Robert, An Introduction to Fiction, (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, inc, 1965), p. 11 5 Laurence Perrine and R. A. R. P (1988), op. cit. ,p. 49.
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b. Diction
Diction, in its origin, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the
speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.6
c. Figure of speech
A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal
meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal
meaning of the words in it.7
There are several kinds of figure of speech
1) Metaphor
2) Synecdoche
3) Symbol
d. Theme
Theme is the central idea of literary work.8 It is the idea, which is
embodied in the total of the poem. This is what the poem is all about.
3. Explication
An explication has been defined as an examination of a work of literature
for knowledge of each part, for the relations of these parts to each other, and for
their relations to the whole.9
6 Judith A. Stanford, Responding To literature: Story, poems, plays and essays (New York: McGraw Hill,: 2003), p. 47 7 http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm. accessed on April 27, 09 8 Robert DiYanni, Literature: Reading Fiction, poetry and drama (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002), p. 754
Line
Stanza
It’s a feast or a famine 1 with sperm 2 wouldn’t you say? 3 Some days they can lap at your feet 4 other days are shorter. 5
1
I see flakes of babies 6 on hands 7 on shirt fronts 8 on benches 9 on car back-seats. 10
2
The old guy, toothless and cursing 11 wearing socks and jandals 12 is full of babies. 13
3
The college boy 14 has left babies 15 on his sheets this morning. 16
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1. Explication of Babies
Babies was published in 2005. This poem is about the family life and the way
to spend the time in the care the babies. It is about the speaker and some people
with their domestic life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “It’s a feast or
a famine”. The poem introduces the sense of the speaker. Here, feast becomes an
indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. While,
famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort.
The second line emphasizes the real explanation of those words, “With sperm”. 9 Laurence Perrine. Op. Cit. P. 347
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Here, the speaker explains the activities of some one that stated in the next stanza.
In the third line, “wouldn’t you say?” The speaker asks some one as the object
about the result that will happen next. The speaker also describe the possibilities
thing occurs later, there are goodness. The goodness and feel comfort explained in
the line 4 “Some days they can lap at your feet”. This word also has been
emphasizing with the line 5 “other days are shorter”. Second stanza, the speaker
describes the behavior of the babies with the variety ways “On hand, on shirt
fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats”. Those statements were starting with “I
see flakes of babies”. Here, the speaker itself that see the babies and their
behaviors. Third stanza, the speaker mentioned badness thing, the speaker shows
in the line 12-13. “wearing socks and jandals/ is full of babies. Those line starting
with “The old guy, toothless and cursing”.
In the last stanza, the speaker talks more about the object of her explanation in
this poem. The object here is “the college boy”. Here, the college boy was
explained about the immoral acts done. The college boy also leaves a baby with
no responsibility. The action of leave a baby, the reader can see in the line 15-16
“has left babies/ on his sheets this morning”.
2. Intrinsic Elements in Babies
The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the
theme which is the point of that poem. These are the several intrinsic elements
build in the poem babies.
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1. Metaphor
This poem described a baby with two contradictory things. That is, the
feast with famine. Feast more emphasize to something that is happy or pleasure:
when someone has a baby or they feel something different in they life. There are
many things that will happen when the child is born, to grow up, such as whining,
hitting, bitting, yelling, and demanding attention. There is pleasure from nurturing
the child, and also happiness when getting entertains from the baby. It is also
emphasized in the next verses such as: "Some days they can lap at your feet".
Michele Amas compares the feast of having baby with famine. The shape
of this aversion seen from the next stanza in which the old guys as people who feel
disturbed, as in the phrase: "The old guy, toothless and wearing cursing shock and
jandals is full of babies".
2. Symbol
The writer could also find symbols in stanza 4 line 14. There is one found
in this poem, the college. The word college according to the Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary means as institution for higher education; College should be a
place to educate students to be better than those who never attend school at all.
Actually, the college is a place where people seek higher education. But here, the
college is inversely than the literal meaning, this poem does not use the word to
refer to any better education. College is represented as a place in which the
immoral acts take place.
3. Diction
There are two data found in this poem. Feast and Famine (line 1 stanza 1)
and the college boy (line 14 stanzas 4).…