Intimate Terrorism and Other Types of Domestic Violence Michael P. Johnson, Ph.D. Sociology, Women's Studies, and African & African American Studies Penn State Photos from Donna Ferrato, Living with the Enemy. New York: Aperture, 1991 McKeesport, PA Texas Tech October 14, 2008
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Intimate Terrorism and Other Types of Domestic Violence Michael P. Johnson, Ph.D. Sociology, Women's Studies, and African & African American Studies Penn.
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Intimate Terrorism and Other Types of Domestic Violence
Michael P. Johnson, Ph.D.
Sociology, Women's Studies, and
African & African American Studies
Penn State
Photos from Donna Ferrato, Living with the Enemy. New York: Aperture, 1991
McKeesport, PA
Texas Tech October 14, 2008
The Continuing Gender Debate “It’s all men” vs. “Women do it just as much as men” A small theory that reconciles the contradiction
A Control-based Typology of Partner Violence The three major types Gender differences and sampling biases Other differences
Implications for Research and Theory Everything we “know” has to be re-assessed Need for differentiated theory
Implications for Intervention Screening/triage Intervention with perpetrators Support for survivors Custody and access issues
Agency Studies “Prove” ThatMen Are the Primary Batterers
Heterosexual intimate partner violence
by genderData Source Men Women
Divorce Court, Cleveland, 1966 92% 8%
Family Court, Ontario, 1982 94% 6%
Police, Santa Barbara, CA, 1983 94% 6%
Emergency Rooms, U.K., 1988 83% 17%
U.S., FBI, 1996-2001 75% 25%
Spousal Homicide, Canada, 1995-2005 82% 18%
Heterosexual intimate partner violence
by genderData Source Men Women
NFVS,1975 51% 49%
NSFH, 1988 53% 47%
8th & 9th Grade, NC, 1994 35% 65%
U. Maine students, 1997 39% 61%
New Zealand, 2002 39% 61%
But General Surveys “Prove” That Women Are as Violent as Men
A Small Theorythat
Reconciles the Contradiction There is more than one type of partner violence The different types of partner violence are
differently gendered And both major sampling plans are biased
Agency studies are biased toward coercive controlling violence, perpetrated almost entirely by men
General survey studies are biased toward situationally-provoked violence, which women are as likely to perpetrate as are men
The Continuing Gender Debate “It’s all men” vs. “Women do it just as much as men” A small theory that reconciles the contradiction
A Control-based Typology of Partner Violence The three major types Gender differences and sampling biases Other differences
Implications for Research and Theory Everything we “know” has to be re-assessed Need for differentiated theory
Implications for Intervention Screening/triage Intervention with perpetrators Support for survivors Custody and access issues
Intimate TerrorismViolent Coercive Control
Violent ResistanceResisting the Intimate Terrorist
Thinking about your current husband, would you say he… …is jealous or possessive? …tries to provoke arguments? …tries to limit your contact with family and friends? …insists on knowing who you are with at all times? …calls you names or puts you down in front of others? …makes you feel inadequate? …shouts or swears at you? …frightens you? …prevents you from knowing about or having access to
the family income even when you ask?NVAWS
Intimate TerrorismViolent Coercive Control
Violent ResistanceResisting the Intimate Terrorist