Interworking between USN and IP Networksold.hsn.or.kr/hsn2007/document/9/VIII-1.pdf · Interworking between USN and IP Networks 2007.02.09 Ki-Hyung Kim Ajou University, Korea ...

Interworking between USN and IP Networks

2007.02.09Ki-Hyung Kim

Ajou University, Korea([email protected])

217th High Speed Network Workshop9 Feb 2007

Contents

Standards in USNInterworking Issues


Standards in USN

MAC layerIEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4bIEEE 802.15.4aIEEE 802.15.5

Network layer and aboveZigBeeIP-USN (6lowpan)TinyOSVarious architectures in the literature


Technical Comparison between ZigBee and 6LoWPAN II

Query

Query

Data

Send data periodically

Wireless Sensor Network(TinyOS, literature, etc)

ZigBee Network

6LoWPANSink Node

DB Server Host

DataEnd-to-End connection

across network

Control another node

Get information from internet

1:1 Comunication

Directly control node and p2p

communication

Control another node

Web Server

GatewayZigBee Gateway

Indirectly control node


Address Issue of IEEE 802.15.4

16 bit PAN ID is the identifier of WPANTwo addresses in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer

EUI 64 bit address given by the manufacturer (optionally, + PAN ID)16 bit short address assigned by the coordinator dynamically (optionally, + PANID)

ZigBee uses the two addresses without PANID (does not consider inter-PAN routing)

6lowpan uses two IPv6 addresses64bit prefix + EUI64bit interface identifier of 15.4MAC64bit prefix + PAN ID (16bit) + 16bit short of 15.4MAC

ZigBee


What is IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee

ZigBee Stack

IEEE Stack (MAC)PHY: 2.4 GHz

Application Layer

PHY: 868/915MHz

MAC: Medium Access controlPHY: Physical layer

ZigBee defining upper protocol layers:

-Application Profiles -Application Framework -Network and Security layer

IEEE802.15.4-2003: standard defining PHY and MACIEEE802.15.4a: Alternate PHYIEEE802.15.4b: revision of PHY and MAC


ZigBee Alliance

ZigBee AlliancePromoters

“ZigBee Specification v1.0”opened from June 2005

ZDO

Man

agem

ent P

lane

AP

SME

-SAP

MLM

E-S

AP

ZigB

ee P

ublic

In

terfa

ce

<ZigBee v1.0 Protocol Stack Architecture>


IEEE 802.15.4 vs ZigBeeZigBee: The stack layers “creates the network” by:

Network layerJoin and leave networksRoute framesDiscover routesDiscover one-hop neighboursApply securityStarting a network (coordinator)Assigning addresses (coordinator)

Application Support SublayerTables for bindingForward messages between bound devices


Network Layer SAP


ZigBee Device TypesZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

One and only one required for each ZB network.Initiates network formation.Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).May act as router once network is formed.

ZigBee Router (ZR)Optional network component.May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).Participates in multihop routing of messages.

ZigBee End Device (ZED)Optional network component.Shall not allow association.Shall not participate in routing.


Tree-Structures Address Assignment


ZigBee Ad-hoc Network Formation


Tree-based Hierarchical Routing


Table-based On-Demand Routing

Table routing, in the case where a routing table entry for the destination exists, simply consists of extracting the next-hop address from that entry and routing the message through (or to) that address.


Routing Cost


Gateway architecture of ZigBee

Bridge between two ZigBee networksTunneling between two ZigBee networks

Gateway between ZigBee and Ethernet, IP, Mobile, WiFi, PLC etc

Address translation (NAT) should be applied.

ZigBee ZigBeeinternet

6LoWPAN(IP-USN)


6LoWPANA new BOF was held during 61st IETF at D.C.

6lowpan (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4)Invensys, Hellicom, Intel, Sun, Panasonic …

An official Working Group begun on March 2005Why IPv6

More suitable for higher densityStatelessness mandatedNo NAT necessaryPossibility of adding innovative techniques such as location aware addressingIEEE 64 bit address subsumed into IPv6 address


Challenges of LoWPANImpact Analysis

Addressing Routing Security Network management

Low power(1-2 years lifetime on batteries)

Storage limitations, low overhead

Periodic sleep aware routing, low overhead

Simplicity (CPU usage), low overhead

Periodic sleep aware management, low overhead

Low cost(<$10/unit)

Stateless address generation

Small or no routing tables

Ease of Use, simple bootstrapping

Space constraints

Low bandwidth (<300kbps)

Compressed addresses

Low routing overhead

Low packet overhead

Low network overhead

High density(<2-4? units/sq ft)

Large address space – IPv6

Scalable and routable to *a node*

Robust Easy to use and scalable

IP network interaction

Address routable from IP world

Seamless IP routing

Work end to end from IP network

Compatible with SNMP, etc


Problems and Motivations of 6LoWPANNo method exists to make IP run over IEEE 802.15.4 networks

Worst case .15.4 PDU 81 octets, IPv6 MTU requirements 1280 octets

Stacking IP and above layers “as is” may not fit within one 802.15.4 frame

IPv6 40 octets, TCP 20 octets, UDP 8 octets + other layers (security, routing, etc) leaving few bytes for data

Not all adhoc routing protocols may be immediately suitable for LoWPAN

DSR may not fit within a packet, AODV needs more memory, etcCurrent service discovery methods “bulky” for LoWPAN

Primarily XML based that needs computing, more memory, etcLimited configuration and management necessarySecurity for multi hop needs to be considered


draft-ietf-6lowpan-format-09

“Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Networks”Defines basic packet formats and sub-IP adaptation layer for transmission over 6lowpanIncludes framing, adaptation, header compression, address generation, and packet delivery in mesh topology


Frame Format and Adaptation Layer

HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, No Frag HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, No Frag

Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Multi Hop, No Frag Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Multi Hop, No Frag

Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, Frag Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Single Hop, Frag

Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr…Multi Hop, Frag Mesh Dispatch Mesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Frag Dispatch Frag Hdr…Multi Hop, Frag

• Final Destination Field is used for mesh routing • Prot_type indicates whether HC(Header Compression) is used or not.


6LoWPAN Header Details

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 2 3

1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size

1 1 1 dgram_tag dgram_size dgram_offset

• Fragmentation Header

• Mesh Header1 0 O F Hops Originator Addr, Final Addr

1 0 O F 0xF Originator Addr, Final AddrHops (15-255 hops)

0 Dispatch

• Dispatch Header (extendable)IPv6, LOWPAN_HC1, Source Route, ???

0 0x7F IPv6, LOWPAN_HC1, ??? Dispatch


1 0 O F Hops 0 Dispatch2 Bytes

• Multi Hop, No Fragmentation

1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size 0 Dispatch4 Bytes

• Single Hop, Fragmentation

Examples of 6LoWPAN Headers

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 2 3

0 Dispatch1 ByteSingle Hop, No Fragmentation

1 0 O F Hops 1 1 0 dgram_tag dgram_size0 Dispatch5 Bytes

• Multi Hop, Fragmentation

1 0 O F 0xF 1 1 0 dgram_tag0 Dispatch6 Bytes

• Multi Hop > 14 hopsHops

dgram_size


확장성(Extensibility)

Deep Networks1 0 OF Hops

Addrs

Addrs HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…

HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…1 0 OF 0xF Hops

• Mesh Protocols (LOAD, AODV, DYMO, Source route…)

Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…Proto Dispatch Proto Hdr…

Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HC1 Dispatch HC1 Hdr…

• Other Upper Layer Protocols

Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr… HCX Dispatch HCX Hdr…


• Anything Else…

Mesh DispatchMesh Hdr…


XXX Dispatch XXX Hdr… YYY Dispatch YYY Hdr… ZZZ Dispatch ZZZ Hdr…


Header CompressionMost common IPv6 header:

IP version = IPv6IPv6 source and destination both are link localLength inferred from IEEE 802.15.4 headerTraffic Class and Flow Label both are 0Next Header = UDP, ICMP or TCPOnly need to carry Hop Limit

This common case is highly compressible2 octets instead of 40Alternate encoding allows further compression to 1 octet (to be done)

UDP header compressionAllows use of 4 bit (potentially 8 bit) port ranges (P+range)UDP header compressible from 8 octets to 4

TCP header compression can use existing specs with proper prot_type (to be done)


IP-USN Router Architecture

IP-USN Router

IP-USN Node

Application Layer

Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)

Network Layer(IP)

Ethernet or other MAC/PHY

Adaptation LayerIEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY

Application Layer


Network Layer(IP)

Ethernet or other MAC/PHY

Application Layer


Host of IP networks IP-USN Router IP-USN Node

Adaptation LayerIEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY

Network Layer(IP)


Problem Statement of Neighbor DiscoveryIPv6 ND requires frequent signaling messagesRA to all node multicasts, NS, DAD, NUD messagesIEEE 802.15.4 does not have multicast support at the MAC layerLowPan network is essentially low-energy network –reducing number of signaling messages are necessaryCurrent IPv6 ND is designed for larger sytems with constant source of powerLowPan network could be an adhoc network of low-power devicesLowPan assumes routing to happen at the Link-layer


Goals of ND in 6lowpanMinimizing periodic ND multicast messagesReducing total number of Neighbor Discovery related messagesDefining default ND parameters that work for 6LowPan networks

All-node multicasts for unsolicited RASolicited node multicast for DADAll-router multicast for Router solicitationRouting at Link-layer : Is RA necessary to propagate to all nodes at the LowPan network?Who does the prefix advertisement ?

Case Scenario of USN&IP Interworking

KT의 기상/해양관측센서네트워크


기상해양센서네트워크 전체 구성도설치 지역 및 구간 내역

4.16km

2.50km

3.83km

4.17km

4.66km

2. 83km

6.30km

5.30km

5.57km

4.19km

제주도 성산포 지역

구좌읍사무소 종달

성산포기상관측소

: IP-USN설치장소

: Wireless Mesh 설치장소


6lowpan 센서 6lowpan G/W

IPv6DualStack

Router


계획 구성도계획 구성도구성 개념도

IPv6DualStack

Router

KORENKOREN

IPSEC VPN concentrator

IP Cam-CCTV(Option/Planning)

Large Display


Wireless Mesh NetworkWireless Mesh NetworkIEEE802.11g/2.4GHz/OFDMIEEE802.11g/2.4GHz/OFDM

WEP/AES EncryptionWEP/AES EncryptionIPv6DualStackRouter

PC1 PC2 PC3

New AWS

New AWS


메쉬 네트워크 진행상황메쉬 네트워크 진행상황Mesh 구성


종달초소

WMN 설치 위치별 상세 내역 1


국립해양조사원 조위관측소

WMN 설치 위치별 상세 내역 2


기상센서네트워크 설치성산포기상관측소

- 센서노드 9개 설치


기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (1)IP-USN 센서노드


기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (2)IP-USN 설치현황


기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (3)

IP-USN Router6LoWPAN을 IPv6 네트워크와 연결

IPv4/6 터널링 및 방화벽 기능

SNMP 프록시 에이전트 기능

Pxa255 arm MCU64Mbyte RAM64Mbyte ROM


ATM 128L8bit Microcontroller128k Bytes flash memory4k Bytes SRAM 8MHz Speed

Extension Memory32k Bytes

CC2420GPS

시간동기화, 위치정보

RS232c기상정보 수집

IP-USN sensor node

기상센서네트워크 노드 개발


IPv6 stack

AdaptationLOADHiLOW

Neighbor Discovery

IEEE 802.15.4 의 16bit, 64bit 주소를 이용한 IPv6 주소자동생성

TCP / UDP 패킷을 이용한 데이

터 전송

Socket-like API 제공

기상데이터 처리 태스크 관리 태

프로토콜 스텍, 데이타처리 태스크 구현

6LoWPAN Stack


IP-USN기반 제주기상해양센서네트워크

2006.11 U-infra Conference 전시 2006.11 RFID/USN 컨퍼런스 전시


기상센서네트워크 설치 현황-성산포기상관측소 (4)기상해양 센서네트워크 관제실

http://weather.6lowpan.net/

http://weather.6lowpan.net/


기상정보 수집서버 (1)

35개의 센서노드로 부터 기상정보 수집 화면


기상정보 수집서버 (2)

성산포 기상관측대에 설치된 센서노드로부터수집된 정보들


기상센서네트워크 매니져

해양센서네트워크 (해양조사연구원)


원격지 모니터링

해양2000호(센서네트워크 구축)

Satellite

위성

해양 2000호 IP-USN 구축

해양2000호 선상에 센서네트워크 구축

- 목적: 풍향. 풍속 측정


해양 2000호 IP-USN 시험(1)



설치 결과


해양 2000호 IP-USN 시험(2)

설치 내역

- 선수의 타워 상단 설치

- 풍향, 풍속 센서 1조 설치

- 예상 토폴로지

- 풍향, 풍속센서>중계노드>게이트웨이

- 풍향, 풍속센서>게이트웨이

Technical Issues in USN&IP Interworking


Technical Issues in USN&IP Interworking

Definition of socket functionssocket &ioctl

Interworking with TCP and UDPInterworking with ICMP (ping and traceroute)Interworking with uPnP

Interworking with http, xml Interworking with IPSecInterworking with Multiple GatewaysInterworking with SNMPService discovery in USN


Interworking with Internet


Simple Service Location Protocol(SSLP)When 6lowpan nodes come in close proximity, they need to locate one another and services in proximityRelated Works

SLPv2 in InternetSSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol) of UPnPJini

These are not suitable for 6lowpanLimited packet sizeLimited processing powerDynamic nature of network topology

SSLP Provides mechanisms for locating services and peer nodes in proximity Interoperates with SLPv2 on Internet


Service discovery in SSLP

SSLP(Simple Service Location Protocol)

• 기존 IETF 표준인 SLP와 유사하게 동작함

• User Agent, Service Agent, Directory Agent (SLP) + Translation Agent (SSLP)• TA(Translation Agent)에 의해서 SLPv2 와 호환성 유지


Service discovery in SSLP II

1-1 Estimate the location of UA

1 Service Request

2-1 Nearest SA replies to the SrvRequest

2. 6lowpan SA replies to the SrvRequest


SSLP Header Format

SSLP General Header

Message Type Abbreviation Msg-IDService Request SREQ 1Service Reply SREP 2Service Registration SREG 3Service Deregistration SDER 4Service Acknowledge SACK 5DA Advertisement DADV 6SA Advertisement SADV 7


Conclusion

USN connectivity with IPAddress Translation (NAT 방식)IP-USN

Technical Issues in IP interworking

Interworking between USN and IP Networksold.hsn.or.kr/hsn2007/document/9/VIII-1.pdf · Interworking between USN and IP Networks 2007.02.09 Ki-Hyung Kim Ajou University, Korea ...

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