Interview Operating System Solaris.pdf 1. Solaris 1.1 Overview Solaris operating systems are the building blocks of computer systems, and provide the interface between user applications and computer hardware. Solaris 10 is a multiuser, multitasking, multithreading operating environment, developed and sold by Sun Microsystems. Solaris is one implementation of the UNIX operating system that draws on both the System V (AT&T) and Berkeley (BSD) traditions. It has risen from little more than a research project to become the dominant UNIX operating system in the international marketplace today. Solaris 10 is the latest in a long line of operating environment releases based around the SunOS. Operating system, this is currently in version 5.10. Solaris is commonly found in large corporations and educational institutions that require concurrent, multiuser access on individual hosts and between hosts connected via the Internet. However, it is also rapidly being adopted by small businesses and individual developers. Some Features in Solaris 10 - Security - Performance - Networking - Data Management - Interoperability - Swap Space - Cluster Overview 1.2 Details: Security:
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Interview Operating System
Solaris.pdf 1. Solaris
1.1 Overview
Solaris operating systems are the building blocks of computer systems, and provide the
interface between user applications and computer hardware. Solaris 10 is a multiuser,
multitasking, multithreading operating environment, developed and sold by Sun Microsystems.
Solaris is one implementation of the UNIX operating system that draws on both the System V
(AT&T) and Berkeley (BSD) traditions. It has risen from little more than a research project to
become the dominant UNIX operating system in the international marketplace today. Solaris 10
is the latest in a long line of operating environment releases based around the SunOS.
Operating system, this is currently in version 5.10. Solaris is commonly found in large
corporations and educational institutions that require concurrent, multiuser access on
individual hosts and between hosts connected via the Internet. However, it is also rapidly being
adopted by small businesses and individual developers.
Some Features in Solaris 10
- Security
- Performance
- Networking
- Data Management
- Interoperability
- Swap Space
- Cluster Overview
1.2 Details:
Security:
The Solaris 10 Operating System, the most secure OS on the planet, provides security features
previously only found in Sun's military-grade Trusted Solaris OS. User and Process Rights
Management work in conjunction with Solaris Containers to let you securely host thousands of
applications and multiple customers on the same system. Security administrators can minimize
and harden Solaris even better than before to implement a secure foundation for deploying
services. Solaris Trusted Extensions is a standard part of Solaris and allows customers who have
specific regulatory or information protection requirements to take advantage of labeling
features previously only available in highly specialized operating systems or appliances.
- Enable the strong mandatory access controls required by governments and financial
institutions using Solaris Trusted Extensions
- Verify the integrity of your system using Solaris Secure Execution and file verification features
- Reduce risk by granting only the privileges needed with User and Process Rights Management
- Simplify administration by using the open standards-based Solaris Cryptographic and Key
Management Frameworks for file and network encryption
- Protect your system against attack using the Secure By Default networking profile, IP Filter
firewall, TCP Wrappers and IPsec/IKE encryption.
Performance:
Solaris 10 delivers indisputable performance advantages for database, Web, and Java
technology-based services, as well as massive scalability, shattering world records by delivering
unbeatable price/performance advantages.
- Achieves world-record benchmark results, setting performance and price/performance
records - Process-level resource usage and profiling
- Delivers near-linear performance gains of 99 percent for database applications and 94 percent
for Java applications
- Increases IPSec performance on DES by 77 percent and on 3DES by 130 percent over the
Solaris 9 Operating System- Network performance
- Speeds Web workload processing by 47 percent on SPARC platforms and by 43 percent on x86
platforms over Solaris 9 and by more than 80 percent over Solaris 8
Networking:
Exponential growth in Web connectivity, services, and applications is generating a critical need
for increased network performance. With the Solaris 10 Operating System, Sun meets future
networking challenges by radically improving your network performance without requiring
changes to your existing applications.
- Supports current IPv6 specifications
- Speeds application performance by about 50 percent via an enhanced TCP/IP stack
- Supports the latest networking technologies, such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet, wireless networking,
and hardware offloading
- Accommodates high-availability, streaming, and Voice over IP (VoIP) networking features
through extended routing and protocol support
Data Management:
Solaris 10 has built-in file services to support your applications with faster performance, greater
safety, and simplified data management.
The last few decades of file system research have resulted in a great deal of progress in
performance and recoverability. However, anyone who has ever lost important files, run out of
space on a partition, or struggled with a volume manager understands the need for
improvement in the areas of data integrity, manageability, and scalability. Solaris ZFS, available
in Solaris 10, incorporates advanced data security and protection features, eliminating the need
for fsck or other recovery mechanisms. By redefining file systems as virtualized storage, Solaris
ZFS will enable virtually unlimited scalability.
- UNIX File System (UFS), the primary Solaris file system, is designed to handle small, cacheable
files accessed randomly by individual processes
- Solaris Volume Manager software minimizes downtime by providing continuous data access,
even in the event of a hardware failure
- Network File System, Version 4 (NFS V4), adds enhanced security features, performance, and
cross-platform interoperability
- The upcoming Solaris ZFS technology will deliver dramatic advancements by automating tasks,
protecting data from corruption, and providing virtually unlimited scalability
Interoperability
Solaris 10 provides interoperability from the desktop to the datacenter across a range of
hardware systems, operating platforms, and technologies.
Is an ideal platform for today's heterogeneous compute environments. Solaris 10 interoperates
with many other operating environments, including Linux and Microsoft Windows systems. In
addition, Solaris 10 supports popular open source applications and supports open standards
such as UDDI, SOAP, WSDL, and XML.
- Provides source and binary compatibility for Linux applications
- Interoperability with Microsoft Windows services
- Includes Perl, PHP, Python and other widely used scripting languages
- Includes Apache, Samba, sendmail, IP Filter, BIND, and other popular open source software
- Supports Java application development and deployment with J2EE and J2SE
Swap Space:
Is an area on disk that temporarily holds a process memory image. When physical memory
demand is sufficiently low, process memory images are brought back into physical memory
from the swap area on disk. Having sufficient swap space enables the system to keep some
physical memory free at all times. This type of memory management is often referred to as
virtual memory and allows the total number of processes to exceed physical memory. Virtual
memory enables the execution of a process within physical memory only as needed.
Cluster Overview:
What is cluster?
Cluster is a high-availability product for the Solaris Operating System, created by Sun
Microsystems. It's used to improve the availability of software services such as database, file
sharing on a network, electronic commerce websites, or other application. Cluster operate by
having redundant computer or nodes where one or more computers continue to provide
service if another fails. Nodes may be located in the same data center or on different
continents.
Advantages of cluster:
- Redundant servers
- Redundant data
- Redundant public network access
- Redundant private communications (transport)
- Multi-host storage access
- Allows for the preservation of environmentally sensitive areas
- Can reduce development construction and infrastructure costs and provide for better
utilization of land
- Can reduce impervious surface areas, thereby reducing stormwater runoff and associated
water quality impacts
- Enhances neighborhood security and sense of community through increased density without
compromising privacy
- Allows for more efficient (less expensive) subdivision layout by requiring less paved area and
utility lines per unit
- Increased open space provided usually has a direct relation to increased property values
- May provide for better public or community access to a natural or recreational feature.
1.3 Work:
Cluster Installation on Solaris
1.unzip suncluster-3_2u1-ga-solaris-x86.zip
I.Installing Sun Cluster Software Packages
1. To use the GUI form of the installer program, set the display environment on your
administrative console. In this example, we are using csh:
myconsole# xhost +
myconsole# setenv display myconsole:0.0
Continue using the administrative console for the next steps, and remember to perform them
on both nodes, one at a time..
2. Become super user on the cluster node on which you are installing Sun Cluster software. Use
the telnet command to mynode1, then log in with the root login and password:
myconsole# telnet mynode1
mynode1 login: root
password: *******
3.Install the SUNWccon package.
# pkgadd -d . SUNWccon
4.(Optional) Install the SUNWscman package.
# pkgadd -d . SUNWscman
When you install the SUNWscman package on the administrative console, you can view Sun
Cluster man pages from the administrative console before you install Sun Cluster software on
the cluster nodes.
5.Start the installer program:
mynode1#. /installer
Follow the instructions on the screen to install the Sun Cluster software.
On the welcome opening screen, click Next:
Click Yes, Accept License to accept the license agreement:
Choose extra languages support if desired, then click Next:
From the list of software to install, under Availability Services, select Sun Cluster 3.1u4:
In the J2SE Software Development Kit Upgrade screen, select Automatically Update:
When prompted, choose Configure Later:
When you receive confirmation that the system is ready to install,
Click Next:
Click Next to confirm selections:
For product registration and installation, click Install:
The installer program installs Sun Cluster software packages plus additional software that is
required to run certain Sun Cluster functionality. When finished, the installer program provides
an installation summary.
Now that you have finished the installation on Node1, go back to step 2 and start the
installation process, this time for Node 2.
II. Configuring Sun Cluster Software:
1. Log on to one of the two nodes. Start the scinstall utility in interactive mode as
superuser:
# /usr/cluster/bin/scinstall
This procedure will configure the Sun Cluster software on both nodes.
2. From the Main Menu, type "1" to choose the menu item, Install a cluster or cluster
node:
*** Main Menu ***
Please select from one of the following (*) options:
1) Install a cluster or cluster node
2) Configure a cluster to be JumpStarted from this install server
3) Add support for new data services to this cluster node
4) Upgrade this cluster node
5) Print release information for this cluster node
?) Help with menu options
q) Quit
Option: 1
3. From the Install Menu that appears, type "1" to choose the menu item, Install all nodes
of a new cluster. Then confirm your choice by answering "y" when prompted:
*** Install Menu ***
Please select from any one of the following options:
1) Install all nodes of a new cluster
2) Install just this machine as the first node of a new cluster
3) Add this machine as a node in an existing cluster
?) Help with menu options
q) Return to the Main Menu
Option: 1
*** Installing all Nodes of a New Cluster ***
Do you want to continue (yes/no)? y
4. From the Type of Installation menu, type "1" to choose Typical:
>>> Type of Installation <<<
Please select from one of the following options:
1) Typical
2) Custom
?) Help
q) Return to the Main Menu
Option [1]: 1
5. When prompted, supply the following information:
o Name to give the cluster: mycluster
o Name of the other node (if started from mynode1): mynode2
o Type "yes" if correct and press Return to continue
o The first private adapter name (interface name): eri1
o The second private adapter name (interface name): hme0
o Type "no" to disabling automatic quorum device selection
o Type "yes" and press Return to continue
o Type "no" to interrupting cluster creation for sccheck errors
At this point, the scinstall utility configures all cluster nodes and reboots the cluster. This might
take several minutes. The cluster is established when all nodes have successfully booted into
the cluster. Sun Cluster installation output is logged in a /var/cluster/logs/install/scinstall.log.N
file.
6. Verify on each node that multi-user services for the Service Management Facility