Internship report on BRAC Bank Ltd.

7/23/2019 Internship report on BRAC Bank Ltd.

1/93

IEXD\EPBI^ \D^F\X

Of|

LLA @d|xioiàxd ^|fm|ak

FEF_D\AJJ OIEAE@IAJ D\OF\KAE@D FO L\A@ LAEC JIKIXDH

^\DÂ\DH OF\

H\% PBYAKAÂHA LIP]AP

APPF@IAXD ^\FODPPF\P@BFFJ FO LTPIEDPP

^\DÂ\DH LY

KH% JICBFE

IH7 >2%>1%>>4

4 ATMTPX* 1>4

L%L%A%


3/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h II z^ a m d

Jdxxd| fo M|axixthd

4xb

Atmtpx* 12>1>>4


4/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h III z^ a m d

A`cef}jdhmdkdex

@fk~jdxife fo xbip |d~f|x bap kahd kd m|axdotj xf a etkld| fo ~d|pfep% Oi|pxfo ajj I }ftjh jicd xf a`cef}jdhmd ky pt~d|vipf| aeh xda`bd| H|%

Pbyaka~aha Lip}ap efx fejy of| miviem xbd f~~f|xteixy xf ~|d~a|d xbd |d~f|x

ltx ajpf of| ~|fvihiem kd xbd f~~f|xteixy xf ik~|fvd xbd |d~f|x ly drxdehiem

xbd ptlkippife hdahjied fe xbip pdkdpxd|% Pbd }ap ajpf avaijaljd }bde I

eddhdh bik of| bdj~* ptmmdpxifep aeh mtihdjiedp% I ak ajpf m|axdotj xf Kp%

Xabeiyax Abkdh Ca|ik* Bdah fo Btkae \dpft|`dp* L\A@ Laec Jxh% of|

miviem kd xbd vajtaljd f~~f|xteixy xf hf ky iexd|epbi~ ~|fm|ak aeh

pt~~f|xiem kd }ixb cef}jdhmd aeh |dpft|`dp% I ak ajpf m|axdotj xf xbd dexi|d

Xdak \ak~t|a l|ae`b fo L\A@ Laec Jxh% ap xbdy bavd aj}ayp ldde xbd|d

of| kd }bde I eddhdh xbdk xbd kfpx% Xbdi| a`xivd ~a|xi`i~axife xf ajj ky

qtdpxifep* qtd|idp ht|iem ky iexd|epbi~ bap kahd xbip gft|edy a x|td pt``dpp%

I }ftjh jicd xf eakd bd|d A%C%K Eddha| Bapae "L|ae`b Kaeamd|)* Ajfca

Ai`b "@tpxfkd| Pd|vi`d Kaeamd|)* Kh% Oaipaj Kdbltl "Appf`iaxd

\djaxifepbi~ Kaeamd|)* Apka|y Ptjxaea "L|ae`b Pajdp / Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|)*

Kh% Alhtjjab Aj Kakte "L|ae`b Pajdp / Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|)* Kfcpdhtj Ipjak

"L|ae`b Pajdp / Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|)* Xa|dc _ai* Ipb|ax A~a / \iagtj _ai"LPPF)*

xbaecp xf ajj fo xbdk of| ~|fvihiem vajtaljd ptmmdpxifep aeh ieof|kaxife ie

~|d~a|iem xbip |d~f|x% Ix }ap ky ~|ivijdmd aeh I ak x|tjy bfef|dh }f|ciem }ixb

pt`b a }fehd|otj xdak%


5/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h I_ z^ a m d

Oi|px fo ajj I }ftjh jicd xf ld m|axdotj xf xbd Ajkimbxy Ajjab* xbd kd|ìotj / xbdldedvfjdex xbax bap dealjdh kd xf `fk~jdxd xbip |d~f|x%

Xbd iexd|epbi~* a ~a|x fo xbd aàhdki` hipì~jied* of| xbd LLA pxthdexp bap ldde

hdpimedh xf a`qti|d ~|a xiàj cef}jdhmd% Ix ip dr~d`xdh xbax xbd iexdm|axife fo

cef}jdhmd ie xbdf|idp aeh ~|a`xi`dp }ijj dealjd tp xf ld`fkd dood`xivd% Xb|ftmb xbip

~|fm|ak* I bavd mfx xbd `bae`d xf a`qti|d pfkd dr~d|ide`d ie a |d~txdh laec* }bi`b

ip dr~d`xdh xf dejimbxde ky à|dd|%

Ixp |dajjy a m|dax f~~f|xteixy xf bavd xbd `bae`d xf kacd a |d~f|x fe va|iftp ap~d`xp

fo xbd laec% I bavd `bfpde Fvd|ajj Oieaeìaj ^d|of|kae`d fo L\A@ Laec Jikixdh

ap ptlgd`x kaxxd| of| ky iexd|epbi~ ~|fm|ak htd xf ~d|pfeaj `t|ifpixy / iexd|dpx xf

a`bidvd pfkd ~|a`xiàj cef}jdhmd alftx xbip pd`xf|% Ldpihdp xbip laeciem a`xivixy ip

kt`b ik~f|xaex of| xbd d`fefki` hdvdjf~kdex* }ixbftx laec* ixp hiooi`tjx xf |te

oieae iaj a`xivixidp f| f~d|axife% Pf ixp ef|kajjy `jaikp a |dpda|`b fe ix of| ldxxd|

tehd|pxaehiem ax ~|dpdex%

Oieajjy* ix ip ky da|edpx / pie`d|d bf~d xbax xbip |d~f|x fe Fvd|ajj Oieaeìaj

^d|of|kae`d fo L\A@ Laec Jikixdh }ftjh ld ofteh tpdotj ly xbd iehivihtajp% I

x|idh xf kacd xbd |d~f|x dood`xivd* ieof|kaxivd aeh |d~|dpdexaxivd%


6/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h _ z^ a m d

Drd`txivd Ptkka|y

I bavd ~|d~a|dh ky iexd|epbi~ |d~f|x lapdh fe xbd xb|dd kfexb jfem iexd|epbi~

~|fm|ak xbax I bah pt``dppotjjy `fk~jdxdh ie L\A@ Laec Jikixdh tehd| `tpxfkd|pd|vi`d fo \ak~t|a L|ae`b o|fk 14%>8%1< xf 14%>=%1< ap a |dqti|dkdex fo ky

LLA ~|fm|ak fe P`bffj fo Ltpiedpp* Abpaetjjab Teivd|pixy fo Pìde`d /

Xd`befjfmy% Xbd xf~i` kfpxjy ip alftx xbd fvd|ajj oieaeìaj ~d|of|kae`d fo L\A@

Laec Jxh% Ldpihdp I hdp`|ild alftx va|iftp ~|fht`xp / pd|vi`dp aeh |dkixxae`d

|djaxdh kt`b ieof|kaxife ~|dpdex ie xbip |d~f|x% Fvd|ajj |dkixxae`d f~d|axife aeh

~|f`dht|d pbf} ie xbip |d~f|x% I ajpf ie`jthdh mded|aj laeciem f~d|axife fo L\A@

Laec Jikixdh% I bavd }f|cdh ie @tpxfkd| Pd|vi`d fo L\A@ Laec Jikixdh aeh I

flpd|vdh xbax bf} xbd dk~jfyddp paxipoy `tpxfkd|p eddhp aeh ldpihdp I `fjjd`xdh

haxa of| |d~f|x%

Xbd oi|px ~a|x fo xbd |d~f|x hiood|dex ap~d`x fo xbd |d~f|x jicd kdxbfhfjfmy* f|imie*

flgd`xivd dx` fo xbd |d~f|x% @ba~xd| < ip xbd f|maeiwaxife ~a|x* ie xbip pd`xife* xbd

hdxaijdh la`cm|fteh fo L\A@ Laec Jxh bap ldde ~|fvihdh% Xbip pd`xife jffcp iexf

xbd hiood|dex ap~d`xp fo xbd laec pxa|xiem o|fk xbd kippife* vipife xf xbd ltpiedpp aeh

ote`xifeaj teixp fo L\A@ Laec Jxh%

Xbd edrx `ba~xd| ip xbd gfl ~a|x% Ie xbip pd`xife* I bavd ~tx of|}a|h ky gfl hdp`|i~xife

ap ae Iexd|e ie \ak~t|a L|ae`b aeh Xbd hiood|dex xapcp xbax bap ldde appimedh xf

kd* bf} xbd xapc }d|d hfed dx`%

Xbd edrx ~a|x ip xbd kfpx ik~f|xaex ~a|x fo xbd |d~f|x* xbip ip xbd kaie pd`xife% Bd|d*

a``f|hiem xf xbd xixjd fo xbd |d~f|x* xbd fvd|ajj oieaeìaj ~d|of|kae`d fo L\A@ Laec

Jxh bap ldde ~|fvihdh% \axif aeajypip fo L\A@ Laecp oieaeìaj pxaxdkdex of| xbd

yda| >8 xf 11 bap ldde ~|fvihdh% Ajfem }ixb ix a P]FX Aeajypip bap ldde hfed

xf jffc iexf xbd `fk~dxixivd dhmd fo xbd laec

Oieajjy* ie xbd japx `ba~xd| oiehiemp* |d`fkkdehaxife aeh `fe`jtpife bap ldde hfed%


7/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h _I z^ a m d

A@\FEYKP

^F ; aykdex F|hd|

HH ; Hdkaeh H|aox

KX ; Kaij X|aepod|

OH ;Oirdh Hd~fpix

PXH ; Pbf|x Xd|k Hd~fpix

PFH ; Pd`t|ixy Fvd|h|aox

@@ ; @apb @|dhix

A\K ; Appf`iaxd \djaxifepbi~ Kaeamd|

LPPF ; L|ae`b Pajdp aeh Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|

@PK ; @tpxfkd| Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|

LLJ ; L\A@ Laec Jikixdh

@APA ; @t||dex A``ftex / Paviem A``ftex

@P\ ;@f|~f|axd Pf`iaj \dp~fepilijixy

IO@ ;Iexd|eaxifeaj Oieae`d @f|~f|axife

CY@ ;Cef} Yft| @tpxfkd|

E@P ;Eaxife ]ihd @fjjd`xife Pypxdk@@PF ; @apb aeh @jidex Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|

\K ; \djaxifepbi~ Kaeamd|

\FA ; \dxt|e Fe Appdxp

\FD ; \dxt|e Fe Dqtixy

\FI ;\dxt|e Fe Ievdpxkdex

P\K ; Pdeif| \djaxifepbi~ Kaeamd|

P]FX ; Px|demxbp* ]dacedppdp* F~~f|xteixidp aeh Xb|daxp%XH ; Xd|k Hd~fpix


8/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 1z^ a m d

XALJD FO @FEXDEXP

JDXXD\ FO X\AEPKIXXAJI

A@CEF]JDHMDKDEX%%II

^\DOA@D%%I_

DRD@TXI_D PTKKA\Y%%_

A@\FEYKP%_I

@BA^XD\7 1

IEX\FHT@XIFE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0

1%1 LA@CM\FTEH FO XBD \D^F\X %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

1%< FLGD@XI_D FO XBD \D^F\X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

1%0 IK^F\XAE@D FO XBD \D^F\X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?

1%8 KDXBFHFJFMY FO XBD PXTHY%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?

1%4 JIKIXAXIFEP FO XBD \D^F\X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=

@BA^XD\7 4% Xbd Laec f~d|axdp tehd| a ,hftljd

lfxxfk jied, amdeha }bd|d ~|foix aeh pfìaj |dp~fepilijixy mf baeh ie baeh ap ix

px|ivdp xf}a|hp a ~fvd|xy+o|dd* dejimbxdedh Laemjahdpb%

L\A@ Laec Jikixdh* }ixb iepxixtxifeaj pba|dbfjhiemp ly L\A@* Iexd|eaxifeaj

Oieae`d @f|~f|axife "IO@) aeh Pbf|d @a~ Iexd|eaxifeaj* bap ldde xbd oapxdpx

m|f}iem Laec ie Laemjahdpb of| xbd japx xb|dd `fepd`txivd yda|p% Ie xbd |d`dex

~apx xbd laec bap mfed ~tlji` }ixb ~|i`d fo pba|dp |da`biem ik~|dppivd bdimbxp*

ot|xbd| pbf}iem ~|fkipiem otxt|d%

L\A@ Laec* a otjjy f~d|axifeaj @fkkd|ìaj Laec* of`tpdp fe ~t|ptiem

tedr~jf|dh ka|cdx ei`bdp ie xbd Pkajj aeh Kdhitk Dexd|~|ipd Ltpiedpp* }bi`b

bixbd|xf bap |dkaiedh ja|mdjy texa~~dh }ixbie xbd `ftex|y% Ie xbd japx oivd yda|p

fo f~d|axife* xbd Laec bap hiplt|pdh fvd| LHX `|f|d ie jfaep xf eda|jy

4>*>>> pkajj aeh kdhitk dex|d~|dedt|p ie >=% Xbd kaeamdkdex fo xbd Laec

ldjidvdp xbax xbip pd`xf| fo xbd d`fefky àe `fex|iltxd xbd kfpx xf xbd |a~ih

mded|axife fo dk~jfykdex ie Laemjahdpb% Pie`d ie`d~xife ie Gtjy >1* xbd

Laec-p offx~|iex bap m|f}e xf 141 l|ae`bdp* kf|d xbae 84> PKD teix fooi`dpaeh 0>> AXK pixdp a`|fpp xbd `ftex|y* aeh xbd `tpxfkd| lapd bap dr~aehdh xf

>*>>> hd~fpix aeh 84*>>> ahvae`d a``ftexp xb|ftmb >?% Ie >4* L\A@

Laec bah a (1=2 kijjife ~f|xofjif `fepipxiem fo a|fteh >> jfaep }ixb ae

avd|amd jfae piwd fo (2*>>>% Ix bap a|fteh 8>> |dmifeajjy+~ja`dh jfae ~|f`dppiem

teixp food|iem pd|vi`dp ie xbd bda|x fo |t|aj


18/93


aeh t|lae `fkkteixidp aeh dk~jfyp fvd| =>> ltpiedpp jfae fooi`d|p a|fteh

?>$ fo xfxaj pxaoo%

Ie ahhixife xf pkajj ltpiedpp jdehiem* L\A@ Laec bap oapx m|f}iem |dkixxae`d*

paviemp kflijiwaxife aeh `feptkd| jdehiem ltpiedppdp% Ie xbd yda|p abdah

L\A@ Laec dr~d`xp xf iex|fht`d kaey kf|d pd|vi`dp aeh ~|fht`xp ap }djj ap

ahh a }ihd| edx}f|c fo PKD teix fooi`dp* \dxaij L|ae`bdp aeh AXKp a`|fpp xbd

`ftex|y%

Iexd|eaxifeaj Oieae`d @f|~f|axife

LLJ bap ik~f|xaex iexd|eaxifeaj pba|dbfjhiemp a~a|x o|fk L\A@7 IO@ aeh

Pbf|d@a~% Iexd|eaxifeaj Oieae`d @f|~f|axife "IO@) ip xbd `fkkd|ìaj }iem fo

]f|jh Laec% Tpiem `d|xaie `baeedjp aeh fvd|pdap |d~|dpdexaxivdp* IO@ bdj~p

jfàj oieaeìaj iepxixtxifep oieh ~|foixaljd }ayp xf xa|mdx pkajj aeh kdhitk piwdh

`fk~aeidp% Otehiem `fkdp o|fk xbd Apiae Hdvdjf~kdex Laec* @aeaha* xbd

Dt|f~dae @fkkippife* xbd Edxbd|jaehp* Ef|}ay* xbd Teixdh Ciemhfk aeh IO@

ixpdjo%

IO@ ip a 4%0?$ pba|dbfjhd| ie LLJ% A ed} appipxae`d ~|fm|ak pimedh ie Atmtpx

11 aikp xf hftljd xbd laecp etkld| fo pkajj aeh kdhitk dexd|~|ipd `jidexp

ie 12 kfexbp xb|ftmb àk~aimep xf xa|mdx }fkde dex|d~|dedt|p aeh |t|aj

`jidexp* iex|fht`d ed} ~|fht`xp aeh x|aie l|ae`b kaeamd|p%

Pbf|d @a~ Iexd|eaxifeaj Jxh

Aefxbd| iexd|eaxifeaj iepxixtxifeaj ievdpxf| Pbf|d @a~ Iexd|eaxifeaj Jxh% ip ae

iexd|eaxifeaj ~|ivaxd efe+~|foix* dqtixy `fk~aey pddciem xf ievdpx ie pkajj

ltpiedpp laecp aeh |dmtjaxdh ki`|f oieae`d iepxixtxifep ie `ftex|idp }ixb

hdvdjf~iem aeh x|aepixifeaj d`fefkidp% Pbf|d @a~ xy~iàjjy ievdpxp ldx}dde

(4>>*>>> aeh (< kijjife of| ae f}ed|pbi~ ~fpixife fo 1>+%2?$ fo LLJp pba|dbfjhiemp%


19/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 1


20/93


MFAJ

L\A@ Laec }ijj ld xbd alpfjtxd ka|cdx jdahd| ie xbd etkld| fo jfaep mivde xf

pkajj aeh kdhitk piwdh dexd|~|ipd xb|ftmbftx Laemjahdpb% Ix }ijj ld a }f|jh

`japp f|maeiwaxife ie xd|kp fo pd|vi`d qtajixy aeh dpxaljipbiem |djaxifepbi~p

xbax bdj~ ixp `tpxfkd|p xf hdvdjf~ aeh m|f} pt``dppotjjy% Ix }ijj ld xbd Laec fo

`bfi`d lfxb of| ixp dk~jfyddp aeh ixp `tpxfkd|p* xbd kfhdj laec ie xbip ~a|x fo

xbd }f|jh%

@F\D _AJTDP

Ft| Px|demxb dkaeaxdp o|fk ft| f}ed| + L\A@% Xbip kdaep* }d }ijj bfjh xbd ofjjf}iem

vajtdp aeh }ijj ld mtihdh ly L\A@ ap }d hf ft| }f|c%

_ajtd xbd oa`x xbax fed ip a kdkld| fo xbd L\A@ oakijy

@|daxiem ae bfedpx* f~de aeh dealjiem devi|fekdex

Bavd a px|fem `tpxfkd| of`tp aeh ltijh |djaxifepbi~p lapdh fe iexdm|ixy*

pt~d|if| pd|vi`d aeh ktxtaj ldedoix

Px|ivd of| ~|foix / pfteh m|f}xb

]f|c ap xdak xf pd|vd xbd ldpx iexd|dpx fo ft| f}ed|p

\djdexjdpp ie ~t|ptix fo ltpiedpp ieefvaxife aeh ik~|fvdkdex

_ajtd aeh |dp~d`x ~df~jd aeh kacd hd`ipifep lapdh fe kd|ix

Lapd |d`fmeixife aeh |d}a|h fe ~d|of|kae`d

\dp~fepiljd* x|tpx}f|xby aeh ja}+alihiem ie ajj xbax }d hf%


21/93


1

Bdah Fooi`d 7 1* Mtjpbae Avdetd* Mtjpbae+1* Hbaca+1> Kijjife

^aih t~ @a~ixaj 7 0*


22/93



23/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 1?z^ a m d

K|% Pydh Kabltlt| \abkae

Kaeamiem Hi|d`xf| / @DF

K|% Kfbakkah

Kakhtht|

\apbih

Hd~txy Kaeamiem Hi|d`xf|

K|% \aip Thhie Abkah

M|ft~ @fk~aey Pd`|dxa|y*

Bdah fo Jdmaj / \dmtjaxf|y

Aooai|p aeh @AKJ@F

K|% Ealij Ktpxaoiwt| \abkae

@bido @|dhix Fooi`d|

K|% Ea}dh Iqlaj

@bido Xd`befjfmy Fooi`d|

K|% Pydh Oa|ihtj Ipjak

Bdah fo \ipc Kaeamdkdex

K|% Oi|fw Abkdh Cbae

Bdah fo \dxaij Laeciem

K|% Kabkffhte Eali @bf}hbt|y

Bdah fo @f|~f|axd Laeciem

/ @apb Kaeamdkdex

/ @tpxfhiaj Pd|vi`dp

Kp% Xabeiyax Abkdh Ca|ik

Bdah fo Btkae \dpft|`dp

K|% Pbab Ajak Lbtiyae

Bdah fo F~d|axifep

K|% Alht| \abkae

Bdah fo PKD Laeciem

K|% K% Pa|}a| Abkdh

Bdah fo P~d`iaj Appdxp Kaeamdkdex

"PAK)+PKD / \dxaij Laeciem

K|% Wddpbae Ciempbtc Btq

Bdah fo @f|~f|axd Aooai|p /

Pd|vi`d Qtajixy

KAEAMDKDEX @FKKIXXDD


24/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 1=z^ a m d


25/93


@f|~f|axd Laeciem

^|flapbi Laeciem

@a|hp

X|dapt|y / oieaeìaj iepxixtxife

Ka|cdxiem / `f|~f|axd aooai|p

Xbd ltpiedppdp hi|d`xjy |djaxdh xf `tpxfkd| pd|vi`d a|d l|idojy hdp`|ildh ie

xbd ofjjf}iem pd`xifep7

PKD Laeciem7

L\A@ Laec `fepihd|p xbd ~f~tjaxife fo Laemjahdpb xbd kfpx vajtaljd

|dpft|`d fo xbd `ftex|y% A``f|hiem xf L\A@ Laec* aoxd| a`bidviem jild|axife*

xbd axxaiekdex fo d`fefki` t~jiox pbftjh ld ft| kfpx ik~f|xaex mfaj% Ki`|f

jdehd|p a|d }f|ciem bd|d ie xbd oieaeìaj oidjh* ~|fvihiem vd|y pkajj akftex

aeh fe xbd fxbd| baeh |dmtja| `fkkd|ìaj laecp bavd ldde ~|fvihiem limmd|

akftex fo jfaep xf ja|md| iehtpx|idp aeh x|ahiem f|maeiwaxifep% Ltx xbd pkajj

aeh kdhitk dex|d~|dedt|p }d|d fvd|jffcdh% Xbip kippiem kihhjd m|ft~ ip xbd

pkajj ltx px|iviem dex|d~|dedt|p* }bf ldàtpd fo ja`c fo oteh àeefx ~t|ptd

xbdi| oieaeìaj t~jiox* ap xbdy bavd ef ~|f~d|xy xf ~|fvihd ap dqtixy xf xbd

`fkkd|ìaj laecp% ]ixb xbip deh ie vid}+L\A@ Laec }ap f~dedh xf pd|vd

xbdpd pkajj ltx ba|h }f|ciem dex|d~|dedt|p }ixb hftljd lfxxfk jied vipife% Ap

a pfìajjy |dp~fepiljd laec* L\A@ Laec }aexp xf pdd xbd dkaeì~axife fo

m|app+|ffxp jdvdj xf xbdi| d`fefki` bdimbx aeh ajpf xf kacd ~|foix ly pd|viem

xbd iexd|dpx fo kippiem kihhjd m|ft~p% 4>$ fo L\A@ Laecp xfxaj ~f|xofjif

tptajjy `fjjd`xdh o|fk t|lae a|dap* a|d `baeedjdh xf pt~~f|x xbdpd

dex|d~|dedt|p }bf ie otxt|d }ijj ld`fkd xbd ~fxdexiaj px|demxb fo ft|

d`fefky% Xbd Laec `t||dexjy ip xbd ka|cdx jdahd| ie miviem jfaep xf Pkajj aeh


26/93


Kdhitk Dex|d~|dedt|p% Ix bap ldde hfiem xbip of| xbd japx oivd yda|p% Pbf}iem

PKD Edx}f|c `fvd|amd ie xbd oimt|d ldjf}7

PKD ~|fht`xp@t||dexjy L\A@ Laec ip food|iem 10 PKD ~a`camdp% Xbdpd a|d jipxdh aeh

l|idojy dr~jaiedh ldjf}7

Aefeef \ie + Aefeef \ie ip a ltpiedpp jfae hdpimedh xf oieae`d

pkajj pàjd x|ahiem* kaetoa`xt|iem aeh pd|vi`d vdext|dp* dp~dìajjy xf

bdj~ pkajj aeh kdhitk dex|d~|dedt|p xf kddx xbdi| pbf|x+xd|k àpb ojf}

pbf|xamdp aeh l|ihmd xbd oteh+ojf} ma~p%

A~t|lf \ie A~t|lf ip a jfae oaìjixy of| pkajj aeh kdhitk ltpiedpp%

A~t|lf jfae bap ldde hdpimedh aeh xa|mdxdh of| |djaxivdjy limmd|

ltpiedpp teixp |dqti|iem jfae alfvd xc% 2 ja`p xf 0> ja`p%

âxbpbaja \ie + âxbpbaja \ie ip a jfae hdpimedh xf kddx xbd eddhp

fo pkajj aeh kdhitk piwdh ~|ivaxd dhtàxifeaj iepxixtxifep* pt`b ap

ciehd|ma|xdep* p`bffjp aeh `fjjdmdp dx`%

A|fmmf \ie + A|fmmf ip a jfae ajjf}dh xf va|iftp Bdajxb pd|vi`d

^|fvihd| jicd ~|ivaxd `jiei`p* hiamefpxi`p `dexd|p aeh hf`xf|p- `bakld|p%

Xbd ~|fht`x food|p oirdh appdxp ~t|`bapd oieaeìem tehd| dqtaxdhKfexbjy Iepxajjkdexp%

Himffe \ie + Xbip ip a hftljd jfae fe `jidexp hd~fpixp% ]ixb xbip* `jidexp

hf efx eddh xf deàpb xbdi| paviemp |axbd| xbdy àe xacd hftljd akftex

fo jfae fe xbdi| hd~fpix of| xbdi| ltpiedpp dr~aepife%


27/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h z^ a m d

Pt~~jid| Oieae`d + PT^^JID\ OIEAE@D ip a jfae oaìjixy of| xbd

dejipxdh Pt~~jid|p fo va|iftp ja|md |dxaijd|p* ka|cdxiem `fk~aeidp*

hipx|iltxf|p* dr~f|xd|p dx % Xbip ~|fht`xp kaie flgd`xivd ip xf bdj~

va|iftp Pt~~jid|p xf kddx xbdi| pbf|x+xd|k àpb ojf} pbf|xamdp f| l|ihmd

xbd oteh+ojf} ma~p% Akftex ip kieiktk LHX 0 ja` t~ xf kariktk LHX

0> ja`%

^|fxbfka \ie + ,^\FXBFKA \IE, ip a jfae oaìjixy of| pkajj aeh

kdhitk piwdh ltpiedpp* }bi`b ip f~d|axdh ly }fkde dex|d~|dedt|% Xbd

~|fht`x food|p xd|kieaxiem jfae oaìjixidp of| xbd ~t|~fpd fo }f|ciem

à~ixaj oieae`d aeh&f| oirdh appdxp ~t|`bapd% Jfae jikix ip o|fk kieiktk

LHX 0 ja` t~ xf kariktk fo LHX 9%4 ja`%

LIWEDPP A``ftex + Liwedpp A``ftex ip ae iexd|dpx lda|iem `t||dex

a``ftex of| pfjd ~|f~|idxf|pbi~ ltpiedpp Dex|d~|dedt|% F~deiem lajae`d

|dqti|dh ip fejy LHX+1>* >>>%>>

@apb Pd`t|dh Jfae + ,@apb Pd`t|dh Jfae, ip a jfae oaìjixy of| pkajj

aeh kdhitk piwdh ltpiedpp% Xbd|d a|d x}f xy~dp fo jfae oaìjixy ie xbd

~|fht`x i%d% Pd`t|dh Jfae aeh Pd`t|dh Fvd|h|aox% Xbdpd oaìjixidp a|d

otjjy pd`t|dh ly oirdh hd~fpix fo L\A@ Laec% Akftex ip kieiktk LHX 0

ja` t~ xf kariktk LHX 0> ja`%

LIWEDPP Jfae + Liwedpp jfae ip ae dqtaxdh kfexbjy jfae oaìjixy of| ajj

xy~dp fo ltpiedpp }bf bavd bdajxby laec x|aepa`xifep of| xbd ~t|~fpd fo

}f|ciem à~ixaj oieae`d aeh&f| oirdh appdxp ~t|`bapd% Jfae jikix ip

kieiktk LHX 1> ja` xf kariktk fo LHX 4> ja`%


28/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h


29/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h *>>>%>> ~d| hay% Ajpf

`bd`ciem lajae`d pxaxdkdexp fo AXK aeh ^FP "^fiex Fo Pajd) x|aepa`xifep%

Xbd @a|hp Hd~a|xkdex ~|fvihdp *>>>%>>%

Aeh L\A@ Laec HIA Mfjh AXK à|h bfjhd| }ijj degfy a p~dìaj àpb la`c aeh

àpb hip`ftex odaxt|d% Xbip odaxt|d ip 1>$ hip`ftex o|fk aey hiakfeh ~|fht`x

lftmbx aeh 2$ hip`ftex fe kaciem `ba|md fo aey mfjh ~|fht`xp lftmbx o|fk

HIA Mfjh%

Ie xbd `|dhix à|h xbd|d a|d xb|dd xy~dp fo à|h% Xbdpd a|d ^jaxietk* Teivd|paj

mfjh aeh teivd|paj `jappi` à|h% Aeh ajj à|hp a|d htaj `t||de`y à|h%


30/93



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33/93



34/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h >%>> aeh

aey ktjxi~jdp% ^|fvihdp a paviemp a``ftex }ixb a ~d|pfeajiwdh `bdqtd lffc*

da|eiemp |dkixxdh xf paviemp a``ftex }ijj ld atxfkaxiàjjy x|aepod||dh fe xbd

htd haxdp aeh jfaep a|d ~|fvihdh amaiepx 9>$ fo hd~fpixdh akftex%

^|flapbi Oirdh Hd~fpix A oirdh hd~fpix a``ftex ajjf}p |dkixxd|p xf hd~fpix

xbdi| kfedy of| a pdx+~d|ifh fo xikd* xbd|dly da|eiem xbdk a bimbd| |axd fo

iexd|dpx ie |dxt|e% Oirdh Hd~fpixp àe ld kahd o|fk 0 kfexbp xf 0 yda|p%

Iexd|dpx ip ~aih fe xbd kaxt|ixy ax a vd|y axx|a`xivd |axd% A``ftexp a|d

kaiexaiedh ie Xaca%

^|flapbi Ali|ak ^|flapbi Ali|ak ip a Oirdh Hd~fpix }bi`b ip ihdaj of|^|flapbidp }bf }aex xf mdx a |dxt|e dvd|y kfexb% Io fed bap ptooiìdex otehp*

xbip àe ld kahd iexf a oirdh hd~fpix o|fk 1 yda| xf 0 yda|p aeh iexd|dpx }ijj

ld ~aih dvd|y kfexb fe xbdi| Paviemp A``ftex atxfkaxiàjjy% Xbip ip ihdaj of|

`tpxfkd|p }bf }aex xf ~ay xbdi| H^P iepxajjkdexp% A``ftexp a|d kaiexaiedh

ie Xaca%

^|flapbi Pbtlihba "E\L Ldedoiìa|y) A``ftex Xbip ip a p~dìajiwdh

a``ftex of| Efe+\dpihdex Laemjahdpbip }bd|d xbd |dkixxd| àe f~de ae

a``ftex of| xbd Ldedoiìa|y% Xbd ldedoiìa|y àe xbde avaij ajj xbd pd|vi`dp

food|dh ly L\A@ Laec pt`b ap7 PKP Laeciem* ^bfed Laeciem* Iexd|edx

Laeciem dx`% ]bde xbd ldedoiìa|yp a``ftex ip pdxt~* xbd \dkixxd| gtpx

|dqti|dp xbd a``ftex etkld|* aeh akftex fo kfedy xf ld pdex xf kacd a

paod* oapx aeh dooiìdex x|aepa`xife% X|aepa`xife ip `fk~jdxdh }ixbie ? bft|p fo

|d`diviem iepx|t`xifep%

Kfexbjy IepxajjkdexAkftex aoxd| kaxt|ixy

8 yda|p = yda|p 11 yda|p 18 yda|p

4>> 11?*?>0 1=9*44>

1>>> 4=*008 11=*0>> 1


35/93



36/93



37/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 0> z^ a m d


38/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 01 z^ a m d

M\A^BI@AJ PIXTAXIFE FO LLJ


39/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 0< z^ a m d


40/93



41/93



42/93


@BA^XD\ III

KY IEXD\EPBI^ DR^D\IDE@D


44/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 0= z^ a m d

L\A@ Laec \ak~t|a L|ae`b ip fed fo xbd dpxaljipbdh l|ae`bdp fo L\A@

Laec% Ix bap ltijx t~ a vd|y mffh `tpxfkd| lapd aeh ~d|of|kiem |dajjy }djj% I

mfx xbd f~~f|xteixy xf }f|c ap ae iexd|e ie xbd \ak~t|a l|ae`b aeh xbd xdet|d

fo ky iexd|epbi~ }ap 14xb A~|ij xf 14xb Gtjy% Xb|ftmb xbip ~d|ifh I bah kaey

|dp~fepilijixidp aeh gfl |fjdp% Ap I }ap ae iexd|e* ky xapcp }d|d kfpxjy |djaxdhxf mded|aj laeciem% I mfx xf jda|e a jfx fo xbiemp alftx l|ae`b laeciem ht|iem

xbip xikd% I mfx oakijia| }ixb xbd }f|c devi|fekdex* I mfx xf cef} bf} ajj xbd

l|ae`bdp a|d `dex|ajiwdh aeh alftx xbd ~|f`dpp ojf}% I kaiejy bah xf |d~f|x xf

xbd L|ae`b Kaeamd|* ltx ky pt~d|vipf| }ap xbd @tpxfkd| Pd|vi`d Kaeamd|

"@PK) fo xbd l|ae`b% I }f|cdh ap a LPPF "L|ae`b Pajdp / Pd|vi`d Fooi`d|)*

pf I maxbd|dh cef}jdhmd |dma|hiem `tpxfkd| pd|vi`d / pajdp%

0%1 Dr~d|ide`d \dma|hiem d|pfeaj Ik~|fvdkdex

Xikd kaeamdkdex

Xikd kaeamdkdex ip xbd m|dax vi|xtd of| da`b / dvd|y ~d|pfe% Ap a ~|ivaxd

teivd|pixy pxthdex* I p~dex fejy 8 xf 4 bft|p ie xbd teivd|pixy àk~tp }ixb

mfppi~iem* xaciem xda / pea`cp% Ltx ie xbd ~|fodppifeaj jiod jicd laec* da`b /

dvd|y dk~jfydd |da`b ie xbd fooi`d efx kf|d xbae 9%0> ak aeh mf ftx o|fk

fooi`d efx jdpp xbae ?~k htd xf bdavy }f|ciem ~|dppt|d% Pf* I ajpf kaiexaiedh

ky fooi`d xikd% Xbdy hf xbdi| haijy xapc ie haijy lapip% I ajpf bdj~dh xbdk xf

kacd xbdi| xapc dapid|%

Hi|d x `fkkteiàxife }ixb tpxfkd|

Xfhayp }f|jh ip pf `bajjdemiem% @tpxfkd| bap kf|d ~f}d| htd xf }ihd |aemd

fo p}ix`biem f~xife% I }ap jixxjd ed|vftp ie ky oi|px od} hayp xf `fkkteiàxd

}ixb `tpxfkd|% Ltx ie jaxd|* I }ap degfyiem pd|viem xbd `tpxfkd|%


45/93


Of|kaj h|dpp `fhd

I ofjjf} va|iftp `djdl|ixy jicd Pajkae Cbae "lfjjy}ffh)* Xfk `|tipd

"Bfjjy}ffh)% Ixp efx |djaxdh }ixb ky |d~f|x% Ltx* |dma|hiem of|kaj h|dpp `fhd* I

aj}ayp }da| gdaep* X+pbi|x* àptaj pbi|x* pei`cd|% I ba|hjy }da| of|kaj ~aexp*

pbi|x aeh pbfd% Ie xbd 0 kfexbp iexd|epbi~ ~d|ifh I kaiexaiedh xbd h|dpp `fhd

|dmtja|jy aeh Ik balixtaxdh }ixb xbip ef}%

Edax / @jdae

I bah jfem bai| }ixb jixxjd lda|h ldof|d pxa|xiem ky iexd|epbi~ ~|fm|ak% Aoxd|

pxa|xiem iexd|epbi~* kacd ky bai| pbf|x* pbaviem ie xikd* `txxiem eaij* aeh ~fjipb

pbfd ie xikd% I bavd }da|idh i|fedh aeh `jdae jfxb |dmtja|jy% Oi|px od} hayp* I

oddj lf|iem ltx ef} I ak balixtaxdh fo ix%

Xdak}f|c

Xbdf|dxiàjjy I |dah }bax ip xdak aeh xdak}f|c ltx ~|a`xiàjjy I hih efx bavd

dr~d|ide`d alftx ix% Ie xbd ~|fodppifeaj jiod xbd|dp dripx xdak jicd Laemjahdpb

`|i`cdx xdak% Da`b / dvd|y xdak kdkld| bap pfkd |dp~fepilijixidp aeh xa|mdx

xf oijj t~% I flpd|vdh ix vd|y `jfpdjy aeh bdj~dh xbdk xf kacd xbdi| xapc dapid|%


48/93


L|ae`b

Kaeamd|

LPPF

LPPF

LPPF

LPPF

PXAI\P

@tpxfkd|

Pd|vi`d

JF@CD\ _ATJX

]APB

\F

FK

CIX@BDE

L\AE@B

KAEAMD\> # _AX ax xbd T~ xf 2%4$ ~%a%* A``ftex

ip a jfàj xikd fo a``ftexIexd|dpx ~aykdex7 Bajo

`t||de`y iexd|dpx+ f~deiem aeh fe yda|jylda|iem a``ftex }ixb aeeivd|pa|y fo dvd|y

`bdqtd lffc oa ijixy ofjjf}iem yda|

X|i~jd Ldedoixp Paviemp X|i~jd Ldedoixp Paviemp Ef Aeetaj Hdlix @a|h T~ xf 2%4$ hd~dehiem

A``ftex ip a jfàj Oddp fe avd|amd lajae`d

`t||de`y iexd|dpx+ kaiexaiedh ie a kfexb

lda|iem paviempIexd|dpx ~aykdex7

a``ftex }ixb `bdqtdKfexbjy

lffc oaìjixy%

A~f|agixa A~f|agixa A``ftex ip a Ef Aeetaj A``ftex T~ xf 2%4$ ~%a%

jfàj t||de`y iexd|dpx+ Kaiexdeae`d OddIexd|dpx ~aykdex7

lda|iem paviempLHX ?>> # _AX ax xbd Kfexbjy

a``ftex avaijaljd xf ajjxikd fo a``ftex

odkajd `tpxfkd|pf~deiem aeh fe

ptlgd`x xf xbd jfàjaeeivd|pa|y fo dvd|y

|dmtjaxifep aeh & f|ofjjf}iem yda|

Laeciem ~|a`xi`d%

Otxt|d Pxa| Otxt|d Pxa| A``ftex ip 8$ xf 2$hd~dehiem fe

hdpimedh xf de`ft|amd avd|amd lajae`d

p`bffj mfiem bijh|de kaiexaiedh ie a kfexb xf

hdvdjf~ paviempIexd|dpx ~aykdex7

balix aeh ajpf xfYda|jy

`|daxd a otxt|d jfyaj

`tpxfkd| lapd of| xbd

laec%

L% @t||dex A``ftex7 Ix ip ~t|djy a hdkaeh hd~fpix a``ftex%

Ap kaey }ixbh|a}ajp a|d ajjf}dh xf xbd `tpxfkd|p* ix ip

ptixaljd }bde otehp a|d xf ld `fjjd xdh aeh kfedy ip xf ld

~aih a}ay ax o|dqtdex iexd|vaj% Pfkd `t||dex a``ftex

food|dh of| jf}d| ie`fkd ~df~jd* }bf }aex xf tpd kfhd|e

laeciem%


51/93


@t||dex a``ftex ip kfpx ptixaljd of| ~|ivaxd iehivihtajp*

x|ahd|p* kd|`baexp* ik~f|xd|p aeh dr~f|xd|p* kijj aeh

oa`xf|y f}ed|p* jikixdh `fk~aey dx`%

i% @t||dex jappi`

ii% @t||dex ~jtp

iii% Dwdd a``ftex

iv% Paja|y a``ftex

v% @ak~tp a``ftex

^|fht`x ^t|~fpd Aeetaj Odd Iexd|dpx \axd

@t||dex Ix ip a jfàj `t||de`yefe iexd|dpx+lda|iem LHX ?>> # _AX ax xbd xikd fo a``ftex EfeIexd|dpx@jappi` a``ftex }ixb `bdqtd lffc oaìjixy% f~deiem aeh fe aeeivd|pa|y fo dvd|y lda|iemA``%

ofjjf}iem yda| LHX 4>> # _AX }ijjld `ba|mdh

@t||dex ^jtp Ix ip a jfàj `t||de y efe iexd|dpx+lda|iem EfAeetajA``ftex Kaiexdeae`dOdd Efe Iexd|dpxa``ftex }ixb `bdqtd lffc oaìjixy% f| Aeetaj Hdlix @a|h Oddp f| aey lda|iem A``%

fxbd| t~o|fex oddp

Io `tpxfkd|p hf efx kaiexaie a Bajo+Yda|jy Avd|amd lajae`d fo LHX

>>* xbd a``ftex }ijj ld `ba|mdh }ixbLHX 4>> # _AX dvd|y bajo yda|

Dwdd DwddA``ftex ip a jfàj `t||de`y iexd|dpx+ EfAeetajA``ftex Kaiexdeae`dOdd 8$ ~%a%lda|iem `t||dex a` ftex }ixbftx `bdqtdlffc oaìjixy%

LHX ?>> # _AX ax xbd xikd fo a``ftex Iexd|dpxf~deiem aeh fe aeeivd|pa|yfo dvd|y ~aykdex7 Bajoyda|% yda|jy

@ak~tp @ak~tpA``ftex ip ae iexd|dpx+lda|iem Ef Aeetaj A``ftex Kaiexdeae`d Odd 8$ ~%a%

A``ftex `t||dex a``ftex dr jtpivdjy food|dh of|

teivd|pixy pxthdexpIexd|dpx

~aykdex7Bajo

yda|jy


52/93


Paja|y Ix ip a jfàj `t||de`y iexd|dpx lda|iem Ef Aeetaj A``ftex Kaiexdeae`d Odd 8$ ~%a%

a``ftex `t||dex a``ftex of| dk~jfyddp fo ie Paja|yA``ftex aeh a``ftex àe ldhiood|dex @f|~f|axd Bftpdp xf hiplt|pd f~dedh }ixb aey akftex%

Iexd|dpx

xbdi| kfexbjy paja|idp% Dk~jfyddp fo~aykdex7 Bajo

KE@&JJ@&KIH @F\^&EMF&Ja|mdAeetaj _IPAHdlix @a|h Oddp fo LHX yda|jy

~|f~|idxf|pbi~&â|xed|pbi~ oi|k* fxbd|0>> # _AX }ijj ld `ba|mdh aeh fe

xbae of|dime eaxifeajp a|d djimiljd xf f~de aeeivd|pa|y fo dvd|y ofjjf}iem yda|xbip a``ftex%

@% Xd|k Hd~fpixp7 xd|k hd~fpix ip vd|y ik~f|xaex of| ixp

`fex|iltxife xf xbd laecp hd~fpix `|daxife ~|f`dpp* ldàtpd

xbd bimbdpx akftex fo laecp oteh o|fk ixp hi|d`x `tpxfkd|p

`fkdp ie xbd of|k fo xd|k hd~fpix% Of| ie`|dapiem xbd

hd~fpix lapd dvd|y `fkkd| iaj laec food|p ixp tpxfkd|p

va|iftp |axdp a``f|hiem xf xbd akftex fo hd~fpix%

i% H^P

ii% Oirdh hd~fpix mded|aj

iii% Ojdri H^Piv% Iexd|dpx oi|px oirdh hd~fpix

v% O|ddhfk oirdh hd~fpix

vi% Ali|ak oirdh hd~fpix


53/93


^|fht`x Kieiktk F~deiem Xdet|d Iexd|dpx \axd

Oirdh Hd~fpix

Mded|aj

Iexd|dpx ajfem }ixb

4>*>>> 1&0&?&1>*>>> 1> 1+1> yda|p Ap ~d| xbd Iexd|dpx \axd

Kax|ir


54/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 8= z^ a m d

\dqti|dkdexp of| f~deiem ae a``ftex

X}f `f~idp fo ~app~f|x piwd ~bfxfm|a~bp " of| a``ftex bfjhd|)

Fed `f~y ~app~f|x piwd ~bfxfm|a~b fo xbd efkiedd

Aey fed ~bfxf IH à|h% " Eaxifeaj IH* âpp~f|x* H|iviem ji`depd) Iex|fht`d| pimeaxt|d fe a``ftex f~deiem of|k aeh ~bfxfm|a~b

XIE etkld| "Io aey)

X|ahd ji`depd

Ltpiedpp pdaj

_ipixiem à|h

â|xed|pbi~ hddh

Aooihavix "io eddhdh)

A``ftex F~deiem ^|f`dht|d

Oim7 a``ftex f~deiem ~|f`dht|d

A~~jiàex oijjp t~ xbd

|djdvaex a~~jiàxife

of|k ie xbd a~~jiàxife

of|k ie xbd ~|dp`|ildh

Bd&pbd ip |dqti|dh

xf oijj t~ xbd

p~dìkde pimeaxt|d

Of| iehivihtaj

iex|fht`xife ip

eddhdh ly ae

a``ftex bfjhd|

Xbd atxbf|iwdh

fooi`d| p`|txieiwdp

xbd iex|fht`xife aeh

drakied xbd

hf`tkdexp ptlkix

Ipptae`d fo hd~fpix pji~

aeh xbd hd~fpix ktpx ld

kahd ie àpb% Ajpf `bdqtd

ip a``d xaljd xf xbd laec

Aoxd| hd~fpixiem xbd àpb*

LPPF }ijj ~|fvihd xbd hdlix

à|h f| `bdqtd lffc io

avaijaljd% Xbde xbd LPPF

pdeh xbd A@ of|k xf xbd

Bdah fooi`d%

Ie xbd bdah fooi`d*

a``ftex pd`xife

}ijj t~haxd xbd

ieof|kaxife%

A``ftex ip f~dedh


55/93



56/93


Bf} xf hdjivd| / mdx o|fk fxbd| l|ae`b

]bde |dqtdpxdh `tpxfkd| a||ivd xf hdpc aeh apcdh of| xbdi| à|h* xbde LPPF

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Bf} xf |d`feìjd

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HAXD7 %>=%1< \dka|cpL|ftmbx of|}a|h 4


57/93


0% @bqtd Lffc |djaxdh dr~d|ide`d

Xy~dp fo `bdqtd lffc

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l|ae`b% Ix }ijj `ba|md ap ~d| p`bdhtjd fo `ba|mdp%

Io xbd a~~jiàxife jdao jfpx* ef kaxxd|* da`b / dvd|y l|ae`b bap a of|k

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Ix ip pakd ap AXK à|h%


58/93


Bf} xf |d`feìjd

@tpxfhiae fo `bdqtd lffc |d`feìjd `bdqtd lffcp da`b / dvd|y }f|ciem hay

deh% I bavd hfed xbip ie ky iexd|epbi~ ~d|ifh% Ldjf} pbf}e xbd drak~jd fo

|d`fe ijiaxife

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61/93


`ft|id|% Xbd mtdpxp ajpf mivd `bdqtd lffc |dqtdpxp aeh xbd `bdqtd lffcp

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62/93


=% Ed} |dxaij laeciem ltpiedpp kfhdj

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63/93


2% ^|d~a|iem oirdh hd~fpix aeh H^P of|kp of| Pae`xife

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65/93


@BA^XD\ I_

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66/93


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67/93

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68/93


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69/93


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70/93


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74/93

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75/93

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76/93

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77/93

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78/93

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79/93

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80/93


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82/93


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pxaxtxf|y |dpd|vd* aeh |dxaiedh da|eiemp%

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~|dod|de`d pba|d* aeh dr`baemd dqtajiwaxife oteh%

Xbd pxaeha|h fo a~ixaj ahdqta`y |axif ip 1>$% Ltx xbd laecp à~ixaj ahdqta`y|axif o|fk >= xf 11 }ap 1


83/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h =? z^ a m d

@|dhix Hd~fpix \axif

A `fkkfejy tpdh pxaxipxi` of| appdppiem a laec-p jiqtihixy ly hivihiem xbd laecp xfxaj

jfaep ly ixp xfxaj hd~fpixp% Xbip etkld|* ajpf cef}e ap xbd JXH |axif* ip dr~|dppdh

ap a ~d|`dexamd% Io xbd |axif ip xff bimb* ix kdaep xbax laecp kimbx efx bavd deftmb

jiqtihixy xf `fvd| aey teof|dpdde oteh |dqti|dkdexp3 io xbd |axif ip xff jf}* laecp kay

efx ld da|eiem ap kt`b ap xbdy `ftjh ld%

Of| LLJ* xbd `|dhix hd~fpix |axif o|fk >= xf 11 }ap 2=$* 91$* 24$* 98$

aeh 24$ |dp~d`xivdjy% Pf* xbd laecp ~d|of|kae`d ip mffh% Ltx ie 1> xbd

laec bimbjy tpdh ixp hd~fpix ajpf oa`dh jiqtihixy ~|fljdk ht|iem xbip yda|% Ltx

ie fvd|ajj xbd laecp `|dhix hd~fpix |axif ip dooiìdex%

\dxt|e Fe Ievdpxkdex

A ~d|of|kae`d kdapt|d tpdh xf dvajtaxd xbd dooiìde`y fo ae ievdpxkdex f| xf

`fk~a|d xbd dooiìde`y fo a etkld| fo hiood|dex ievdpxkdexp% Xf àj`tjaxd \FI* xbd

ldedoix "|dxt|e) fo ae ievdpxkdex ip hivihdh ly xbd `fpx fo xbd ievdpxkdex3 xbd |dptjx ip

dr~|dppdh ap a ~d|`dexamd f| a |axif%

Of| LLJ* xbd |dxt|e fe ievdpxkdex o|fk >= xf 11 }ap 11%?8$* 1>$ aeh 1 xbd |dxt|e fe ievdpxkdex }ap 9$ xbax }ap ~ff| ~d|of|kae`d of| xbd

laec htd xf d`fefki` |d`dppife%

\dxt|e Fe Appdx

\dxt|e fe appdxp "\FA) ip a oieaeìaj |axif xbax pbf}p xbd ~d|`dexamd fo ~|foix xbax a

`fk~aey da|ep ie |djaxife xf ixp fvd|ajj |dpft|`dp% Ix ip `fkkfejy hdoiedh ap edx

ie`fkd "f| ~|dxar ~|foix) & xfxaj appdxp% \FA ip cef}e ap a ~|foixalijixy f| ~|fht`xivixy

|axif* ldàtpd ix ~|fvihdp ieof|kaxife alftx kaeamdkdex-p ~d|of|kae`d ie tpiem xbd

appdxp fo xbd ltpiedpp xf mded|axd ie`fkd%

Of| LLJ* xbd |dxt|e fe appdx o|fk >= xf 11 }ap 1%?


84/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h == z^ a m d

\dxt|e Fe Dqtixy

\FD ip dqtaj xf a oipàj yda|-p edx ie`fkd "aoxd| ~|dod||dh pxf`c hivihdehp ltx ldof|d

`fkkfe pxf`c hivihdehp) hivihdh ly xfxaj dqtixy "dr`jthiem ~|dod||dh pba|dp)*

dr~|dppdh ap a ~d|`dexamd% Ap }ixb kaey oieaeìaj |axifp* \FD ip xbd ldpx of| tpiem

xf `fk~a|d `fk~aeidp ie xbd pakd iehtpx|y%

Of| LLJ* xbd |dxt|e fe dqtixy o|fk >= xf 11 }ap = xf 11 D^P }ap 1%2=* 4 aeh 4%44% Ix iehiàxdp xbax xbd

`fk~aeyp f~d|axife kaeamdkdex ip pf dooiìdex%


85/93


8%4 P]FX AEAJYPIP

Px|demxbp

L\A@ Laec bap px|fem |d~txaxife }bi`b ip xf~ px|demxb of| xbd laec% \d~txaxife ip

xbd cdy xf a`bidvd xbd `fk~aeyp vipife% L\A@ "EMF) ievfjvdh }ixb xbd laec* }bi`b

ajpf a xf~ px|demxb of| LLJ% L\A@ laec bap }ihd |aemd fo p~fepf|p% Xf~

kaeamdkdex fo LLJ ip pf dooi`idex* |djialjd aeh dr~d|ide`dh xbaxp xbd px|fem

px|demxb of| xbd laec% LLJ bap iexd|a`xivd `f|~f|axd `tjxt|d% LLJ kaiejy of`tpdh fe

PKD pd`xf| aeh LLJ ajpf ka|cdx jdahd| fo PKD pd`xf|%

]dacedppdp

@dex|ajiwdh hd`ipife kaciem pfkdxikdp kacd xbd ~|f`dpp jdemxby% L\A@ Laec bap

}dac kaeamdkdex of| ~|fkfxife% Ixp `fe`dex|axiem jdpp fe kapp kdhia `fvd|amd%

@fk~a|d xf fxbd| laec* LLJ bap jf} |dkted|axife ~a`camd of| dk~jfyddp%


86/93


F~~f|xteixidp

LLJ ef} hivd|pioidp ixp f~d|axife aeh laeciem a`xivixidp* }bi`b l|iem ix xf a ed}

laeciem dhmd6 LLJ bap va|iftp px|axdmi` ajjiae`dp }bi`b l|iem LLJ xf a ed} d|a fo

laeciem% LLJ f~d|axdp ixp ltpiedpp efx fejy ie xbd eaxifeaj xd||ixf|y ltx ajpf ldyfeh

xf xbd eaxifeaj xd||ixf|y xf ievdex a ed} laeciem* }bi`b eakd ip ^\FLAPBI

LAECIEM% Ixp a m|dax f~~f|xteixy xf p~|dah ftx ixp ltpiedpp%

Xb|daxp

Ktjxieaxifeaj laec ip xbd btmd xb|dax of| LLJ ajpf }bfjd laeciem iehtpx|y% Xbip }ijj

m|al ka|cdx pba|d o|fk eaxifeaj xd||ixf|y laec% Ed} jfàj laecp ajpf a xb|dax of|

LLJ% Ie ft| `ftex|y* ~fjixiàj `fehixife ip pf iklajae`d% Ie xbd eda| otxt|d ~fjixiàj

`fehixife }ijj ld pf iepxaljd% Pf* ix }ijj ld m|dax xb|dax of| LLJ%


87/93


8%? PBA\D BFJHIEM PX\T@XT\D


88/93


@BA^XD\ v

OIEHIEMP* \D@FKKDEHAXIFE AEH@FE@JTPIFE


89/93

F v d | a j j O i e a e ` i a j ^ d | o f | k a e ` d f o L \ A @ L a e c J i k i x d h 2< z^ a m d

Oiehiemp

\d`fkkdehaxifep

@fe`jtpife

@BA^XD\

4


90/93


4%1 OIEHIEMP

]d àe pdd xbd pft|`dp fo oteh fo LLJ xbax hd~fpix ip xbd kaie ~a|x fo xbd oteh% Pf

}d àe pay xbax hd~fpix ip xbd bda|x fo LLJ% Xbd fxbd| ~a|xi`tja|p fo xbd laec a|d

ie`|dapdh }ixb xbd ie`|dapiem fo hd~fpix% Of| xbip |dapfe ie 11 ap hd~fpix ip

ie`|dapdh ajj xbd ~a|xi`tja|p a|d ie`|dapdh%

O|fk xbd aeajypip fo ky pxthy* }d pdd xbax xbd hdvdjf~kdex fo LLJp dvd|y

~a|xi`tja|p }ixb hd~fpix ip ~fpixivd aeh xbd `fehixife fo xbd laec ip mffh%

O|fk xbd aeajypip xbd ofjjf}iem oiehiemp a|d ~|dpdexdh7

Xbd |djaxifepbi~ ldx}dde hd~fpixp aeh ~|foix aoxd| xar ip ~fpixivd aeh bimb">%994) }bi`b kdaep xbax xbd m|f}iem |axd fo ÂX ajpf hd~dehp fe hd~fpixp%

Xbd `f||djaxife ldx}dde hd~fpix aeh jfae ip ~fpixivd aeh vd|y px|fem* ">%992)

ik~jidp xbax xbd m|f}iem |axd fo jfae ip vd|y kt`b bimb }ixb xbd hdvdjf~kdex

fo hd~fpixp%

Xbd hdvdjf~kdex fo ievdpxkdex vd|y px|femjy hd~dehp fe hd~fpixp ">%992)

Xbd hdvdjf~kdex fo xfxaj appdx vd|y px|femjy hd~dehp fe hd~fpix ">%999)

Xbd |djaxifepbi~ ldx}dde hd~fpix aeh dr~f|x ip ajpf bimb aeh ~fpixivd ">%229)

Xbd hdvdjf~kdex fo ik~f|x ajpf px|femjy hd~dehp fe hd~fpix ">%988)

Xbd |djaxifepbi~ ldx}dde ik~f|x aeh dr~f|x ip ajpf bimb aeh ~fpixivd ">%9?8)

Xbd `f||djaxife ldx}dde ievdpxkdex aeh xfxaj appdx ip vd|y px|fem ">%999)

Xbd |djaxifepbi~ ldx}dde ~|foix aoxd| xar aeh xfxaj appdx ~fpixivd aeh px|fem

">%99?)


91/93


4%< \D@FKKDEHAXIFE

Xbd L\A@ Laec pbftjh `baemd xbd ftxjffc fo xbd L|ae`b of| axx|a`xiem~|dkitk aeh pt~|dkd `tpxfkd|%

Xbd LLJ L|ae`b pbftjh ie`jthd pd|vi`dp jicd Of|dime Dr`baemdPd|vi`dp%

Xbd L|ae`b ip tehd| pxaoodh* xbtp of| ~|f~d| ote`xifeiem* xbd l|ae`beddhp kf|d dk~jfyddp%

J pbftjh ~|fvihd ae dood`xivd x|aieiem ~|fm|ak of| xbd gteif| jdvdjfooi`d|p ap xbftmb xbdy àe ~d|of|k xbdi| xapc dooiìdexjy%

Xbd |dkixxae`d pd|vi`d ie \ak~t|a L|ae`b bap |daj mffh ~|fp~d`x* xbtpxbd laec pbftjh }f|c a`xivdjy pf xbax ix àe axx|a`x kf|d `jidexp%

Xbd L|ae`b pbftjh mivd a jfx fo dk~bapip fe @fpx @txxiem xd`beiqtdpaeh ~|f~d| |d`f|h cdd~iem%

Xbd paja|y ~a`camd of| da`b jdvdj fo dk~jfyddp ip efx vd|y `fk~dxixivd*

xbtp ix hd+kfxivaxdp xbd dk~jfyddp%

Hdvdjf~iem kfxivaxifeaj ~|fm|ak aeh x|aieiem ~|fm|ak%


92/93


4%0 @FE@JTPIFE

Ie xbip amd fo kfhd|e ìvijiwaxife laec ip ~jayiem ixp p~jdehih |fjd xf cdd~ xf xbd

d`fefki` hdvdjf~kdex }bddj kfviem% ]d àe pdd jfx fo ed} `fkkd|ìaj laecp bap

ldde dpxaljipbdh ie japx od} yda|p aeh xbdpd laecp bavd kahd xbip laeciem pd`xf|vd|y `fk~dxixivd% Xbd kagf| xapc of| laecp* xf pt|vivd ie xbip `fk~dxixivd

devi|fekdex ip ly kaeamiem ixp appdxp aeh jialijixidp ie ae dooiìdex }ay% LLJ bap a

px|fem oieaeìaj lapd aeh btmd appdxp xf kddx t~ ixp jialijixidp }bi`b kacd xbip

f|maeiwaxife oieaeìajjy pfteh aeh pfjvdex%

L\A@ Laec ~|fkipdp xf otjoijj dvd|y ~fppiljd @tpxfkd| eddhp }ixb bimb qtajixy

pd|vi`d aeh paxipoa`xife% Xbip pt``dpp bap |dptjxdh o|fk xbd hdhiàxife* `fkkixkdex

/ hyeaki` jdahd|pbi~ fo ixp kaeamdkdex fvd| xbd ~d|ifhp% Xf ld`fkd ka|cdx jdahd|ie ~|fvihiem laeciem pd|vi`dp* iex|fht`xife fo pf~bipxiàxdh laeciem iepx|tkdexp i%d%*

fejied laeciem pd|vi`dp* Iexd|edx laeciem* aeh AXK pd|vi`dp ip a hdkaeh fo xikd%

L\A@ Laec ip kaiexaieiem ixp `fk~dxixivdedpp ly jdvd|amiem fe ixp Fejied Laeciem

Pfox}a|d aeh kfhd|e IX ieo|apx|t`xt|d%

Ix }ap ae bfef| of| kd xbax I bavd }f|cdh ap ae iexd|e ie a |d~txdh f|maeiwaxife jicd

L\A@ Laec Jikixdh% Xbd LLJ ip a laec xbax `feoi|kp xbd ldpx pd|vi`d xf xbd

`tpxfkd|p L\A@ laec Jikixdh ip xbd oapxdpx m|f}iem Laec ie Laemjahdpb% Ly

}f|ciem ie xbd `tpxfkd| pd|vi`d* xbd cef}jdhmd jda|ex }ftjh ld bdj~otj deftmb xf

ptpxaie }ixb xbd |daj f|maeiwaxifeaj devi|fekdex%


93/93

LILJIFM\A^BY

Aeetaj \d~f|x fo L\A@ Laec Jikixdh o|fk >= xf 11%

Lffcp* ^tlji`axifep aeh Gft|eajp fo L\A@ Laec Jikixdh

_ajtaljd hip`tppife fo pt~d|vipf|p ht|iem xbd ~d|ifh fo iexd|epbi~

Hip`tppife }ixb xbd l|ae`b pxaoo ht|iem xbd ~d|ifh fo iexd|epbi~

bxx~7&&de%}ici~dhia%f|m&}ici&L\A@VLaec

bxx~7&&}}}%l|a`laec%`fk%

bxx~7&&}}}%laemjahdpblaec%f|m

Internship report on BRAC Bank Ltd.

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