1 Internship report On UREA PROCESS DESCRIPTION LINE-2 PLANT Submitted in partial fulfilment Of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In MECHANICAL By SHUBHAM RAGHUVANSHI Submitted to NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LIMITED VIJAIPUR, GUNA (M.P.) Mr. D.R CHOWDHURY, Chief Manager (HRD) Mr. R.P GUPTA, Asst. Manager (HRD)
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Internship Report of Line 2 Urea Process Formation at NFL,Vijaipur
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Internship report
On
UREA PROCESS DESCRIPTION
LINE-2 PLANT
Submitted in partial fulfilment
Of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
MECHANICAL
By
SHUBHAM RAGHUVANSHI
Submitted to
NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LIMITED
VIJAIPUR, GUNA (M.P.) Mr. D.R CHOWDHURY, Chief Manager (HRD)
Mr. R.P GUPTA, Asst. Manager (HRD)
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship project entitled Internship report on
UREA PROCESS DESCRIPTION LINE-2 PLANT AT NATIONAL
FERTILIZERS LIMITED being submitted by SHUBHAM
RAGHUVANSHI, in fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology in MECHANICAL of engineering, has been carried
out under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in this thesis
has not been submitted, in part or in full, to any other university or institute for
the award of any degree, diploma or certificate.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to Mr. D.R CHOWDHURY, Chief Manager (HRD), Mr. R.P
GUPTA, ASST.MANAGER(HRD) NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LINITED,
VIJAIPUR, GUNA (M.P.) for giving me an opportunity of one month Internship
at NFL Plant (UREA-2).
I express my gratitude to Mr. R.P Gupta, Asstt.Manager (HRD), NFL Vijaipur,
Guna for his extremely valuable guidance and constant encouragement in my
work.
I am cordially grateful to Mr. S.K RAI, SR.MANAGER (MECHANICAL) UREA-
2, Mr. DHIRAJ, Asst. Manager (MECHANICAL) UREA-2 & Mr. PANKAJ,
MANAGER (MECHANICAL) UREA-2 NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LTD.
Vijaipur, Guna who has given me valuable time for Urea process description &
for preparation of my project work on said topic.
I am also thankful to other Urea-2 Mechanical staff for their Co-operation
during Internship on urea plant
A special Thank you to Mr. Lakhan Raghuwanshi (Treasurer of the Union) for
arranging Boarding and Lodging.
Thanking you
SHUBHAM RAGHUVANSHI
(MECHANICAL)
SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY
UDAIPUR
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PROFILE OF THE COMPANY
National Fertilizers Limited, Vijaipur unit is one of the four units of M/S
National Fertilizers Limited, a Government of India undertaking with its
corporate office at New Delhi, The other units are located at Nangal and
Bhatinda in Punjab ant at Panipat in Haryana.
National Fertilizers Ltd, Vijaipur unit is one of the four units of M/S National
Fertilizers Limited. With the commencement of commercial production of the
Expansion project the gas based unit at Vijaipur now comprises of two 1520
ton per day (tpd) Ammonia streams and four 1310 Ton per day Urea streams
and related off-site facilities. The gas is being received from the HBJ gas pipe
line being operated by M/s Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL) another
government of India undertaking.
The Ammonia stream completed under the Expansion Project can also be
operated with 50 % feed of Naphtha in case of shortage of the gas supply.
The industry also has 3 power plants each of capacity 17 MW and at a time 2
power plants is used and 1 kept for standby purpose.
The line one plants (one stram of Ammonia and two streams of Urea) were
built with a total cost of Rs 533 Crores and the cost of the line two (one
stream of Ammonia and two streams of Urea) was Rs 1067 Crores.
For Both streams of Ammonia plants the consultant have been M/S Haldor
Topose of Den-Mark and M/S Projects Development India Ltd. (PDIL), and for
all other streams of Urea consultant have been PDIL and M/S Snamprogetti of
Italy.
The line one Plants had gone in Commercial Production w.e.f July 1988 and
the Expansion Unit has started the Commercial Production w.e.f 31 March
1997.
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The line one plant have been consistently operating at above 115% of the
rated capacity. The line two plant is also expected to perform similarly.
Vijaipur unit has won several prestigious awards like Best Implemented
Project award given by Ministry of Programme Implementation GOI, National
Safety awards given by National Safety Council GOI and by National Safety
Council(MP).
Pollution control and energy conservation by International Greenland Society
and by Ministry of Power GOI.
NFL, Vijaipur Unit produces Urea in conformance with the standards as set in
Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) issued by Govt. of India. Vijaipur Unit Urea
product is marketed by NFL‟s marketing division sells and distributes Urea to
Institutional buyers and private dealers, NFL Vijaipur has manpower of 1014.
The main product of this industry is Kisan Urea. The total production capacity
of Kisan Urea is 6,261 Tonnes/day which is the second largest production in
the country.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PLANT
LAND ACQUIRED 506 HECTARES LAND DEVELOPED 269000 CuM EXCAVATION
1457038 CuM & 64333 CuM
CONCRETING
128935 CuM
STRUCTURAL WORK
6880 MT & 4576 MT
EQUIPMENT ERECTION MECHANICAL
12389 MT & 6445 MT
ELEECTRICAL
536 MOTORS
PIPING
505 Inch.KM & 508 Inch.KM
POWER CABLING
600 KM
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UREA was first synthesised in 1828 from ammonium cynate by WHOLER
In 1870 BASSAROW produced urea by dehydration of ammonium carbamate
which is the basis of present commercially process. There was no
breakthrough in urea production commercially till 1920.
The 1st commercially production of urea was in 1922 by DU Pont from nitro
lime at plant in Canada.
The process route which is adopted by the present day plants, was achieved
by I.G.FARBEN in 1922 at plant in Germany.
Properties of Urea:
Molecular weight: 60.047
Melting point at 1 atm: 132.47ºC
Specific gravity at 20ºC: 1.335
Triple point: 102.3ºC
Nitrogen content: 46.6%
Colour: White
Angle of Repose: 23º
Viscosity(at 132.7ºC): 2.58 CP
Crystal Form: Tetragonal-selano hedral
Advantages of Urea:
Nitrogen content is the highest among various nitrogenous
fertilizers(46%).
Cheapest source from transport point of view.
CO2 which is one of the raw materials for the manufacturing of urea is
available at negligible cost from ammonia plant.
It is not subjected to fire or explosion hazard.
It has got better flowing characteristics.
As such it is not toxic and used in preparation of various types of
medicines and in other industries.
Actual demand for Urea started in 1960’s
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Raw materials used:-
The raw materials for the production of Urea are Ammonia (NH3) and Carbon-
di-oxide (CO2). These are obtained by NG / Naphtha, Power, Water. Water
used here is taken from Sanjay Sagar dam.
The process for the production of ammonia and carbondi oxide are :
(A). Ammonia (NH3):- For Ammonia production, we want Nitrogen (N)
and Hydrogen (H). And Nitrogen is present in the air at surplus amount so
Nitrogen is obtained from air and
Hydrogen is obtained from Methane (CH4) by catalytic reforming which is
obtained from Natural Gas (NG) which contains about 85% - 90%. And
GAIL supply the Natural Gas by HBJ pipeline.
(B). Carbon di-oxide (CO2): - CO2 is obtained from the atmosphere or air.
Manufacturing process:-
Urea is manufactured by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in autoclave to
form ammonium carbamate. The operating temperature is 1350C and 35 atm
pressure, the chemical reaction is endothermic reaction and so ammonia is
maintained in excess to shift the equilibrium towards urea formation. Urea
production consists of main two reactions.
1. Formation of ammonium carbamate
2. Dehydration of ammonium carbamate to produce molten urea.
Description or Plant Layout:
1.Ammonia pumping : Liquid ammonia is pumped from the multistage
pump which maintain the reaction pressure in the vertical stainless steel
vessel.
2. Carbon dioxide compression: Ammonia plant directly boosts the
carbon dioxide from the compression section as it readily forms at the CO2
section of ammonia production plant.
3. Urea synthesis tower: It is lined with film of oxides to protect form
corrosion. Catalyst bed is placed in the inner side of the autoclave
structure and 180- 200 atm pressure at temperature about 180-200 deg
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centigrade is maintained. Plug flow operation take places and molten urea
is removed from the top of the tower.
4. Distillation tower and Flash drum: This high pressure slurry is flashed
to 1 atm pressure and distilled to remove excess ammonia and
decomposed ammonia carbamated salts are removed and recycled.
5. Vacuum Evaporator: The solution is fed to vacuum evaporator for
concentrating the slurry.
6. Prilling Tower: It is dryer where the molten slurry is passed from top of
the tower into a bucket which rotates and sprinkles the slurry and air is
passed from the bottom. All the moisture is removed as the urea form into
granules during it journey to the bottom of the tower. These granules are
sent by conveyor to the bagging section.
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PUMP
Pumps are in general classified as Centrifugal Pumps (or Roto-dynamic
pumps) and Positive Displacement Pumps.
Centrifugal Pumps (Roto-dynamic pumps)
The centrifugal or roto-dynamic pumps produce a head and a flow by
increasing the velocity of the liquid through the machine with the help of a
rotating vane impeller. Centrifugal pumps include radial, axial and mixed flow
units.
Centrifugal pumps can further be classified as
end suction pumps
in-line pumps
double suction pumps
vertical multistage pumps
horizontal multistage pumps
submersible pumps
self-priming pumps
axial-flow pumps
regenerative pumps
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Positive Displacement Pumps
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount
and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
or
Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction
side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump
as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the
discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle
of operation.
A positive displacement pump can be further classified according to the