Internship OBA

het logohorizontaal en verticaal

InternshIp B3.1

Internship B3.1Final concept: RFID Book recommandationsCoach: Oscar Tomico Coach Oba: Rob Visser

Tijmen van Gurps081936

Bachelor : Industrial DesignTU/eindhoven

s081936 Internship OBA sep-jun 2011 3

ContentsInternshIp B3.1 1ABstrACt: 8sItUAtIOn OF InternshIp: 8MOtIVAtIOn: 8GOALs AnD OppOrtUnItIes 8COnCept 9InternshIp 12hOW eXpeCteD ChAnGe In sOCIetY pUts pressUre On LIBrArY’s 12COnteXt OBA 15

reseArCh 25User InVOLVeMent FIrst MOnth 25BALtAn sessIOns: 25COnteXt MAppInG / CO-reFLeCtIOn In OBA 27CO-reFLeCtIOn 27COnteXt MAppInG 30COnteXt/CO-reFLeCtIVe sessIOn OBA 30COnCLUsIOns 31VIsIts peOpLe tO OBA 32eXIstInG InterACtIVe prODUCts In LIBrArIes 33rFID teChnOLOGY 33rOtUnDA 33LOCAtIOn FUtUre 34LIBrArIes 352020 VIsIOn BrItIsh LIBrArY 35

4 Internship OBA sep-jun 2011 www.tijmenvangurp.com

eBOOK trenDs 42FUtUre OF eBOOKs 42IDeO FUtUre OF the eBOOKs 43eBOOK FIGUres 44reseArCh preVIOUs prOJeCts 44CLAssIFICAtIOn 44resULt 45sOCIAL 45sOCIAL AnD phYsICAL 45sOCIAL AnD DIGItAL 48DIGItAL 48MIDDLe BLOCK FACts 48phYsICAL 49phYsICAL AnD persOnAL 49DIGItAL AnD persOnAL 49persOnAL 49COnCLUsIOns reseArCh: 50

IDeAtIOn: 52COnCepts 52BOOK BAr 52phYsICAL seArCh 53pLAYFUL seArCh 54trenD WAtChInG 55LYBrArYthInG ++ 56VIsUAL reFLeCtIOn OF COLLeCtIOns 57WALL OF BOOKs MY FInAL COnCept In Its FIrst stAte. 58pUBLIsh YOUr OWn WOrK tO OBA 59persOnAL LIBrArY 60BUsIness Vs OBA 60DIGItAL BOOKMArKs In phYsICAL BOOKs 60sILK 61Open MArGIn 61sCOOpIt 61


the FInAL COnCept 63ChOOsInG FInAL COnCept 63DeVeLOpMent COnCept 63sCenArIO 64InterVIeWs: 69COnCLUsIOns: 70DeVeLOpMent OF prOtOtYpe 70teChnOLOGY 70COnCLUsIOns 71FUtUre reCOMMenDAtIOns AnD pOssIBILItIes 71eVALUAtIOn: 72reFLeCtIOn 72prOCess WhAt DID I DO? 72reFLeCtIOn On the ACtIVItIes 73LIst OF MethODs AnD theOrY thAt I CAn Use FOr MY FInAL BACheLOr prOJeCt 74BIBLIOgrAFIe 77

AppenDIX: A 79AppenDIX C 82JIsC 82AppenDIX e 83

ABSTRACT1


opportunities for my internship. The most important aspect of this discussion was defining my task. This was: “Create a play-ful way to know what the users can’t find. Catch the eye at the beginning. This system has to be inviting to participate. “ For the full summary of this discussion see Appen-dix A.

ABstrACt:

sItUAtIOn OF InternshIp:This semester I did an internship at the OBA and DQI under supervision of Oscar Tomico (TU/e) and Rob Visser (principal of Digital Library OBA). The internship I did was for 3 months. I started in February and ended in June, with some weeks off in between. I worked in Amsterdam as well as in Eind-hoven.

MOtIVAtIOn:Hi my name is Tijmen van Gurp and I am currently in my first semester from my third year of bachelor industrial Design. For my internship I searched for a challenge. Initial-ly I searched for working in a design com-pany. While searching for an internship I re-ceived the opportunity to do my internship for one of the largest libraries in Europe the OBA (Openbare Bibliotheek OBA). I took this opportunity with both hands because I liked the opportunity and that I could start right away.As one of my previous projects was for a library, where I worked mostly on the aes-thetics. I was thrilled to see what I could do in a real situation for a library with over a million visitors a year. I was looking to see what my expertise would be worth in a company setting. And how I could develop my technology skills even further.

GOALs AnD OppOrtUnItIesIn January 2011 Oscar Tomico, Rob Visser and I had a short discussion to discuss the


COnCeptMy final concept is an interactive system that provides user the ability to write their personal story about a book, and leave this behind on a screen in the library. This story can be viewed, by other users, new stories can be put on top of other story’s users have the control in their own hand. Books can be rated, and commented in this system, which gives the library the opportunity to compete with systems as Amazon on a more local level. People can interact with this system in a playful way, they can leave their personal recommen-dation on displays of their choice. They can rate good stories, share them over the internet, or read them back at home. The concept should be connected and in-

tegrated with the current system of the li-brary, and give users a reason to share their opinion.

Giving users freedom to add extra digital content to the physical books in a easy and playful way is key to this concept. The pro-vided information by the users can be used by the library to make their collection even better and more personal.

INTERNSHIP2


InternshIp

hOW eXpeCteD ChAnGe In sOCIetY pUts pressUre On LIBrArY’sI want to start this internship report by shar-ing my vision on current libraries and how the change in society puts pressure on li-braries to Innovate and make changes.

Starting from the ancient Egypt humans already stored rolls of papyrus with a li-brary classification system. (Ives, 1954) But a lot has changed when the computer ap-peared and could take over a lot of paper work. Even though we have computers now there is still a lot more possible in the Con-tent Management systems area(CMS), es-pecially on libraries as big as the OBA with 800.000 books on the floor they have a huger opportunity in the data mining, and visualizing field. In the future we will have better ways to visualize and search through large data sets.

Libraries have to change their appearance, behaviour and functionality if they want to compete with other facilitations of infor-mation due to the growth of technological possibilities. Especially the mobile devices with connection to the internet will provide people with books and other information where ever they are.

Today there is already a shift in libraries that change their services from books towards computer facilities, study and meeting rooms, educational programs, television and radio shows, theatre and more. This

change will go even go further which makes libraries central places of sharing culture, ideas and work together in stead of only the information they provide.

We also live in an era where the information on the internet grows exponentially which makes filtering out relevant information more and more important. I see the future libraries integrated within the web provid-ing the most relevant books in their physical shape. Providing expertise, collections and sets of books in all kinds of ways will stay important in the future next to the data on the internet because data in books is of a higher quality with a strong connection to its source(the author(s)). But providing the right expertise and providing the right col-lection in its physical form means that li-braries will need a big community network and well organized CMS to filter out the most relevant information to the end users.

Each libraries has to become self-organized systems where the users are the motor of change. Users accentuate the accents of what is important for them in each library.

Society changes towards an era where we have total freedom on what information they read and what we communicate to so-ciety over the internet. Libraries have to re-act on this disturbance and change to new level of information providing.


convention

innovation

conventioncan be superseded by

as it diffuses becomes value

changeinsight

simple

iterat

ion

(trial &

error

)

creati

ve de

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(unpla

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learni

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s

(refin

ing go

als)

desig

n proc

ess

(artifi

cial ev

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community1

1

1

2

2

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agrees on & is shaped by

maintains relationship to

disturbs relations creatingthat is large enough gains

frames possibilities for

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ew

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reduces risk, encouragingreform

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if strong, raise calls for efficiency, dangerously reducing

benefit from (increase efficiency by) sharing skills w

ithin a

agrees on & is shaped by

maintains relationship to

convention

context(environment)

innovation

community commu

convention

context

may fail to recognize

each faces

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balance in re

lations a

mong

pose long-term threats to any

creates new

is balance in re

lations among

preserves status quo by resisting

is a m

easure of p

ropensity f

or

aidsrequires comes from drive

pressure (external)decay (internal)

change (disturbance)

misfit (pain)

recognition (definition)

insight (seeing opportunity)preparation(immersion)

(a bit of luck)

articulation (prototyping)

demonstration (testing)evaluates

adoption (counter-change)

fit (gain)

leads to new

is reflected as increased

variety(experiences)

actions

artifacts

beliefsmay lead to

may lead to

value

individuals

innovationa model of

increases the likelihood of

Dubberly Design Office prepared this concept map as a project of the Institute for the Creative Process at the Alberta College of Art and Design. The Institute exists to focus and organize activities, enterprises, and initiatives of ACAD with regard to the cultivation of dialogue, research, and special projects that directly address the nature of the creative process and design thinking. ACAD is a leading centre for education and research, and a catalyst for creative inquiry and cultural development.

Please send comments about this model to [email protected]

Acknowledgements

Writing and design byHugh Dubberly, Nathan Felde, and Paul PangaroAdditional design bySean Durham and Ryan ReposarResearch by Satoko Kakihara, ACAD faculty Chris Frey, Wayne Giles, and Darlene Lee

Copyright © 2007

Dubberly Design Office2501 Harrison Street, #7San Francisco, CA 94110415 648 9799

Institute for the Creative Processat the Alberta College of Art + Design1407-14 Ave NWCalgary, AB CanadaT2N 4R3403 284 7670

Sponsorship

EPCOR, a founding partner of the Institute for the CreativeProcess, generously provided funding for this project.

Printed in Canada

W. Ross Ashby describes variety as a measure of information. Variety describes a system’s potential to respond to disturbances—the options it has available. Applied to communities, variety describes the experiences—the richness of language and range of cultural tools—they can bring to bear on problems.

In a stable environment, increasing efficiency makes sense. Do what you’ve been doing, but do it better and at a lower cost. That means narrowing language—decreasing variety.

In an unstable environment, pursuing efficiency may actually be dangerous. You may get better at doing the wrong thing—at doing something that no longer matters.

The key is to make sure what you produce is valuable, before you worry about making it more efficiently. Increasing effectiveness calls for increasing variety—changing perspective, bringing new people, new experience, and new language into the conversationand expanding the field of action.

Some organizations have processes by which their members build (or buy) new ideas at a small scale. The organizations vet (or select or destroy) ideas, moving a few to the next stage. They “incubate” new ideas in “hothouses” long enough to launch them into the world. Examples include (perhaps most notably) Royal Dutch Shell, some religions (such as Catholicism), venture capital firms, and technology companies such as Google.

Some communities (some ecologies) seem to have the variety and structures needed to raise the probability of innovation (within certain domains). For example, Silicon Valley, Route 128 around Boston, Austin, Research Triangle, and Seattle all currently enjoy this advantage.

Insight begins a process of restoring fit. Insight remains the most mysterious part of the innovation process. It may be irreducible, but it can be aided. Immersion within the context is almost always essential. Experience with other domains helps (by increasing variety). For example, applying patterns from other domains can help solve new problems. This is the promise of Genrich Altshuller’s system known as TRIZ.

Insight is a type of hypothesis, a form of abduction.Insight may come from juxtaposition and pattern matching.

György Polya suggests asking:What is the unknown?What are the data?What is the condition? (What are the constraints?)What is the connection between data and unknown?What is a related problem?How could you restate the problem?What could you draw to represent the problem?

No innovation arises fully formed.

Articulation provides a means of sharing an insight.Demonstration proves (or disproves) the insight’s value.Demonstration provides a basis for adoption; it is a key to creating change.

Demonstration enables evaluation. Testing discloses errors, increases understanding, and provides a basis for improvement.

Iteration is always necessary.

Of course, the convention resulting from a successful innovation differs from the convention that preceded it. Likewise, the community that exists after an innovation is likely to have changed from the community that preceded it. The context, too, is likely to have changed beyond the change which created the misfit leading to an innovation.

The scale of change varies. Many people have proposed models, for example:

Michael Geoghegan:Recognizing a new domain of inventionCreating new opportunities for discovery within the domainImproving the efficiency with which the discoveries are applied

Horst Rittel:Simple problems, where the goal is definedComplex problems, where the goal remains unclearWicked problems, where constituents cannot agree on the goal

Parrish Hanna:Tactical or incrementalStrategic or punctuatedCultural or process-oriented

Each innovation is a link between two conventions:the one it replaces and the one it becomes. An innovation is a pivot; it transforms one period into the next.

Every convention exists within a community.

A convention establishes a relation between a community and its context. It defines a way the community expects its members to behave in a given situation. It prescribes the tools they can use, even what they can think.

Every innovation has a precedent in a previous convention.

Every community exists within a context.

Context is the environment in which a community lives. To survive, a community must have a stable relationship with its environment. Maintaining that stable relationship is the purpose of conventions.

A community is a system of people who interact within an agreed set of rules—conventions.

Typically, members of a community share a common location or common interests. They may be related by birth or may come together for social or business reasons. Communities rely on individuals to provide the variety necessary for survival—to share perspective, insight, ideas, and inspiration.

Over time, new members join and existing members depart. These changes can affect the conventions the community keeps.

Entropy always increases. Resisting entropy requires energy and variety.Inevitably, both are limited.

Pressure from outside or decay inside changes the relationship between a community and its context. That relationship—formalized as a convention—is no longer comfortable, no longer a fit.

A disturbance upsets an existing convention. This is a root cause of innovation.

A disturbance has variety of its own.Unless a community has corresponding variety to cancel it,the variety in a disturbance will overwhelm the community.Variety cancels variety.

A misfit arises when a convention no longer maintainsa desired relation between a community and its context.

Misfit manifests itself as pain. It exacts a cost—physical, mental, social, or financial—on members of the community.

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Recognition of misfit comes from observation and experience.Research methods—such as ethnography—help.

But identifying a problem requires definition.Definitions are constructed—agreed to.They have constituencies.Thus, definition is a political act, an exercise of power.

Individuals who are prepared to innovate possess:

OptimismBelief they can improve the worldOpenness to changeConfidence to make it soTenacity, persistence to see it throughPassion, desire, even obsession

VarietyExperience, skill, and talentDomain expertiseKnowledge of other domainsUnderstanding of the processMethods and techniquesManagement, rhetorical, and political skillsPractice (Doing it a few times helps.)

They also know what is not known but necessary for progress; they understand how to find it; and they recognize who can provide that knowledge.

For insight to matter, it must be articulated—given form.

It might be aHypothesisModel or diagramOutlineScript or storySketchMock-upPrototypePilot

Innovation is a holy grail of contemporary society, and especially business. A flood of books and magazines promote it. Design firms promise it. Customers demand it. Survival, we’re told, depends on it.

But what is it? And how do we get it?

We used to ask the same questions about quality. Then Walter Shewhart and Edward Deming answered. Today, statistical process control, total quality management (TQM), kaizen, and six-sigma management are fundamental tools in business.

Organizations have become much better at managing quality. Quality has become a commodity, or at least “table stakes,” necessary but not sufficient. Now, innovation matters more—because you can’t compete on quality alone, whether as a business, a community, or a society. The next arena of global competition is innovation, but the practice of innovation remains stuck some 40 years behind the practice of quality.

Quality is largely about improving efficiency, whereas innovationis largely about improving effectiveness. Improving quality is decreasing defects. It’s about measuring. It’s making processes more efficient. It works within an existing paradigm.

Business Week design editor Bruce Nussbaum has suggested you can’t measure your way to innovation—measurement being the hallmark of quality processes. And though some six-sigma advocates disagree, Nussbaum is pointing out a fundamental difference between managing quality and managing innovation. Innovation is creating a new paradigm. It’s not getting better at playing the same game; it’s changing the rules and changing the game. Innovation is not working harder; it’s working smarter.

This poster proposes a model for innovation. It takes the form of a concept map, a series of terms and links forming propositions.

The model is built on the idea that innovation is about changing paradigms. The model situates innovation between two conven-tions. Innovation transforms old into new. It is a process—a process in which insight inspires change and creates value. The process begins when external pressure or internal decay disturbs the relation between a community and its context, a relation maintained by a convention.

The existing convention no longer “fits.” Perhaps the context changed. Or the community. Or even the convention. Someone notices the misfit. It causes stress. It creates enough friction, enough pain, to jump into people’s consciousness. Perception of misfit almost simultaneously gives rise to proposals for change,for reframing. These proposals compete for attention. Most fail to inspire, are ignored, and fade away.

The changes that survive are by definition those a community finds effective. They spread because they increase fit (gain) and lower pain or cost (delivering value).

We rarely recognize innovation while it’s happening. Instead, innovation is often a label applied after the fact, when its value is clear and a new convention has become established.

Ethnography and other research techniques may help identify opportunities for innovation. Design methods may increase the speed of generating and testing new ideas. But new ideas are still subject to natural selection (or natural destruction) in the political process or the marketplace.

Innovation remains messy. Even dangerous. Luck and chance, being at the right place at the right time, still play a role. But heightened sensitivity and persistent alertness may increase luck.

This model is not a recipe. At best it suggests ways to increase the probability of innovation. Our goal is for it to spur discussion. Our hope is that increased understanding will spur innovation and increase the greater good.

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---

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Map of Innovation


2020 Vision British libraryAs most of my vision and things I learned about the future of libraries came out the 2020 vision of the British library I want to share this with you.

“We estimate that by 2020, 75% of all titles worldwide will be published in digital form only, or in both digital and print. Our am-bition is to preserve digital content for the long term in order to safeguard our intel-lectual heritage so that it can be used by fu-ture generations of researchers. In the digi-tal world, an explosion of user-generated content, the creation of more research data and ubiquity of online search tools pro-vide new opportunities. At the same time, inter-operability of library systems and au-tomated processing opens up the potential for a re-think of traditional stewardship and collecting. As digital formats become the norm, our rich resource of physical content will become more precious. It is thus vital that we continue to develop our world-class stewardship skills in conservation and preservation. “

All new books will also appear in its digital form, or only in its digital form. The British library sees an opportunity in preserving intellectual property for the future . I think in the far future it will be precious to have physical books as the digital form becomes the standard. (2020 Vision)

Advancing the world’s knowledge

2020VISION


COnteXt OBA

FACTS AND FIGURES OBAThe public library of Amsterdam has 27 branches where the “OBA aan de Ode” next to the central station is the main lo-cation. Next to lending books they have more than 500 theme exhibitions and 7500 cultural activities like theatre plays, games, events and workshops every year. They have over 1,5 million books in their collection and 4,2 million visitor each year where 1,2 million is visiting the “OBA aan de Ode”. In comparison with these high visiting numbers the amount of members in my opinion is quite small only 160.000 for the 1,2 million loans a year.

The OBA where I worked has 28.000 m2, which holds 25.000 meters of book shelves, 490 computers with connection to the Wi-Fi on all the floors. They also have a theatre with 250 seats, a restaurant and more.(Am-sterdam, 2011)

For as far as I know the Oba is mostly fi-nanced by the government. The government currently cutting its costs drastically and there is not that much room for innovation. The system for providing the Oba money is partly based on the facts and figures I just pointed out above. The danger is that these figures might be interpreted wrong, as there are also visitors who only use the computer


available. Producers of content the user is trying to best achieve their products and services through various media channels to spread and per channel (combinations of) text, images and sounds to offer. Interactiv-ity and co-creation through social media and Web 2.0 solutions play a decisive role. These changes have expanded the media landscape, fundamentally different and more varied than ever before.

There were some key factors in the report that they point out that I see as big oppor-tunities for the library to work on. These are:

From scarcity to abundance: The opportunity is to filter out most rel-evant information and provide this informa-tion on such a way that people can adapt the information as if it would be scarce.

which are free for the whole visiting pub-lic without registration. This means that they have a lot of users of their system that are not officially registered as a user. Also I think that almost 2/3 of the user come for services not related to books and 1/3 come for books. Which raises the question to me if the government is still providing their money in a correct way as libraries are not the same as they once where.

GOALS AND APPROACH OBA

The following text is the translation of the Annual report of the OBA 2011. I selected the most important parts of the report for my internship.

Digitalization has permanently changed the social environment. Internet is growing in information and forms of entertainment from a growing number of different sources


me a guideline, and for the rest I had all the freedom to develop whatever I want. This is also because communicating concepts and developing concepts in such a big company was also new for me and let to miscommu-nications to both sides. In de end I devel-oped a concept as good as possible with the requirements I did receive.

MY OPINION ABOUT WORK ATMOSPHERE IN OBA

All the people I worked with in the library where very kind and open to me. But I no-ticed that there was nobody yet working on an interactive system within the library which made the situation hard to find some-one to talk about what I was doing. Employ-ees where enthusiastic about my concepts but they were also sceptical about how my ideas could be implemented in the future. As I am focused on finding opportunities they were focused on possible implications my concept might give. Of course this is un-derstandable and innovation is a hard thing, but this made it difficult to share my ideas and concepts knowing that they where not finished yet. I think the OBA or on a more global level NBD biblion, libraries need a place where people can work on innovative solutions in teams where they can share ex-pertise and opinions. If the OBA wants to in-novate on a short term they should focus on their existing systems and make them work even better.

IMPLEMENTATION RESTRICTIONS

The Oba was officially opened on 07-07-07,

From physical to digital: The opportunity is to link the physical world to the digital world. This link will add extra value of the World Wide Web to the physical content keeping its physical qualities.

From consumption to co-creation: The opportunity is providing users the freedom to create content for the library .In such a way that the content created is valuable for other users and the library it-self. The context of the library should ad meaning and importance for users who created content. This content can be, sto-ries, expertise, recommendations etc.

Next to naming what is happening in the world the OBA also names their projects they already have, like the rotunda and their interactive website.

Another important point that is going on in the library now is that making col-lections of books going to be done on a more global level by the company NBD/Biblion. This means that the purchases of new books and connecting works to each other will be done nationally. (OBA, 2011)

REQUIREMENTS OBA: FOR CONCEPT

Even though I asked a couple of times for more specific directions I did not receive more clear requirements than stated in the Goals and opportunities section in the abstract. Providing the library with information about books that are cur-rently not in the library seemed to be for


it was a building of 47 million euro’s. But the architect has still the rights over the building which makes it difficult to make any changes to the interior. The infrastruc-ture of the building is in such a way that the only place where all the people pass by is right in the beginning, from there on there are elevators to all the floors. Making an interactive system work for the whole pub-lic it has to be big enough to catch enough eyes. Which is difficult to facilitate in the entrance of the building.

RESTRICTIONS OF A BIG COMPANY

While working in the Oba I saw a lot of re-strictions. I was thinking too big about im-plementing a concept in the library without trying out how the concept would work. I wanted to try out with the real users but before I was able to do something like that I first needed permission and a finished set-up that looked good enough to be able to fit in the library before I could test something out with the users in the library. I think now the bigger a company is the more restric-tions and rules you have. Only if you know people from different levels of the company you can get things done otherwise it costs a lot of time and effort to get something through.

APPROACH:

Before I started the internship I analysed my development of previous semester, set up goals for this semester and transformed it into a planning. In the next part you can read all about this.


speed in the process. I have to watch out that my analysing part is in balance with the trying out new things part. I need to have clear goals and a lot of short term goals to achieve my end goal. In my communication I can leave things I work on in the background because of my uncertainty.

Opportunities: The Oba is a large company, working there will give me the opportunity to broaden my horizon. The RFID technology already avail-able in the library is an opportunity for me to develop my programming skills further and develop concept that be integrated in the current system.

Threats: The company is really big which will cost me quite some time to get familiar with the

SWOT ANALYSIS:

Strengths: If I have clear finished concept or idea in my head I can work hard to work it out. And I am well capable of teaching myself new things to achieve the goal. I am an analyser and can make relations between complex data and visualize them. I have passion for drawing and creating data representations. I have acquired already some programming skills over the past 2 years and I am eager to develop it further.

Weakness: I can be too much of a perfectionist and uncertain about my work which slows down the development. Working in a team or having regular discussions with my coach is necessary for me to keep


I want to test out things in quick prototypes in different iteration focusing on the role, look and feel, and the implementation of a prototype. I want to develop this further because I still can need some development in this era. And most of the time I would spend too much time on thinking instead of trying things out.

Context of libraryI want to gain more knowledge about de-sign opportunities and changes within big li-braries as the Oba. And see what my mean-ing for such a system could be as a starting industrial designer. There will not be expert designers there to teach me things but the OBA will give me the opportunity to see what capabilities I already have. And what I need to work on further.

people and the information structure. And as most of them have jobs not related to innovation it is a treat that I will not work that much on creating physical products but would work more on development of new concept.

INTERNSHIP GOALS

Concept development and communication This internship I will have the opportunity to develop ideas for the Oba, I want to be better in communication my concepts. That is why I want to practice my sketching and drawing skills. I want to focus this semester on making a lot of drawings, and put all my ideas and sketches in a sketch book. I want to make higher quality illustrations to ex-plain my thoughts about concepts.

User involvement, new methodsAs Oscar Tomico is my coach I can learn more from him. I want to learn more about different brainstorm methods, interview methods and ways to work together with my end users to come to broaden my per-spective on user/designer interactions. As the OBA is my client I see the opportunity for interaction between me and the users and the employees.

Integrating technologyI want to be able to make websites in HTML and CSS as my previous expertise was in flash based websites. I want to have a work-ing prototype that will probably need some coding to achieve that goal.

Quick prototyping


CommunicationAs I work between 2 companies the OBA and DQI I want to keep track of what I am doing online so that both parties can look into it. I want to do this with tools like Pre-zi and maybe a website.

ExpertsI am eager to learn a lot in all the differ-ent competencies. I will keep looking for experts that can give me helpful feedback, and support in my design process. I also want to look for books that can help me grow further as a person as well as a de-signer. If there are new things that I have to teach myself than I will look for tutori-als and existing materials to work with.

GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT AC-TIVITIES

I have kept track of all my activities in Prezi and also used it to plan in advance. What I wanted to do. Here are in short the differ-ent activities that I have executed. (Gurp, 2011)

WEEK Description Of activities

Week 6 and 7 Setting up internship, initial research, first meetings, development PDP, Co-reflective sessions and Brainstorms.

Week 8 and 9 Session with employees of OBA, generating ideas, work out ideas, visit Koos design, context mapping

Week 10 and 11 Working out context mapping session, research future-books, and libraries, + carnival

Week 12 and 13 Analyzing previous projects classifying them. Startup showcase, learned WordPress, worked out my initial research in a blog

Week 14 and 15 Work out 3 ideas, preparing midterm ( personal issues worked not as well as I wanted)

Week 16 ( week of) ---

Week 17 Planning interviews, choosing final concept

Week 18 The next web conference

Week 19 Interviews about concept, work out implications of concept.

Week 20 Work out interviews, start learning PHP processing

Week 21 and 22 Still learning PHP and developing prototype

Week 23 Developing final prototype

Week 24 Report and exhibition


RESEARCH


reseArCh

User InVOLVeMent FIrst MOnthThe First month of my focus was on getting input for my concepts by other people. In the first week I learned the value of co-re-flection in the Baltan sessions. I also did a brainstorm with 5 fellow students to gen-

erate concepts and another session with 4 co-workers and Oscar in the Oba.

BALtAn sessIOns:

Baltan is a company that initiates, supports and disseminates innovative research and development activities in the field of art, technology and culture. With a large group

of students we had co-reflective sessions to evaluate their projects. We received data from data about a project and had to act out how we thought how the process went, and after that we had to act out how we though the project could be done even bet-ter. After acting out our understanding of the project was more on the same level as the company which led to rich discussions.

After these sessions I read more about Co-reflection and also about Context mapping.

FIRST BRAINSTORM SESSION WITH STUDENTS

GOALAs I was still in the beginning of my intern-ship I was figuring out which direction to go


with my concpets. Therefore I wanted to create as much Ideas as possible within a brainstorm session.

SET UPFirst I provided everybody with the con-text where I am working in and explained my goals for my internship. I did this with a short movie about the OBA which gave some facts and figures and the looks of the interior. And also a short movie from JISC that explained what pressure libraries feel in current society.

After this introduction from 10 minutes I explained the ideas that I already had to provide the group of students with some ideas to start with. I used post its, A0 sheets of paper, and lots of pencils, Lego,

blocks, and books to help each other under-standing the ideas that we had.

I made my decisions for the brainstorm based on previous brainstorms, the book from IDEO The Art of Innovation and the ex-perience of the Baltan sessions

CONCLUSIONSThe results were good, I had over 50 ideas in just 45 minutes but I could have had more if I also recorded the whole session. That is something I will always do for the future because there where ideas shared to each other which were not put in the same form on paper as they were spoken.


The basic process of a co reflective session:

Exploration: Getting acquainted of the cur-rent societal context in order envision a new reality. Present experiences with ex-isting contexts, products, prototypes, as a starting point of the process. Use: discur-sive techniques. Helps designers to under-stand the context to be addressed(New reality= comprises the motivational aspects of the users vision of the now. This makes the users able to compare their ideas with the designer’s trans-formative vision)

Ideation: discovery process, based on the exploration, makes users aware of their own motivations and desires. Ideation is warming up for the confrontation. And ana-lyzes the past memories in order to be able to project them into personal dreams of possible future experiences.

COnteXt MAppInG / CO-reFLeCtIOn In OBA

After this brainstorm session I wanted to gain more depth in the available techniques and do another session to see which ideas I had would be most valuable to work on fur-ther. I wanted to do this session with peo-ple from the library with as goal to see what opportunities they would see in my ideas.

BUROKOOSWhile looking into Context mapping ses-sions I visited the company Koos to receive some feedback on my approach. They ex-plained me that normally they do Context mapping sessions with multiple users over multiple days. Giving them little assign-ments where they could create something themselves around a given context. I tried to do everything in just 1,5 hours which made it quite a challenge. (Koos, 2011)

CO-reFLeCtIOnI have read the paper Co-reflection user involvement for highly dynamic design pro-cesses From Oscar Tomico. I analysed it and wrote it in my own words to get a better un-derstanding and a reference for future.

Co- reflection is a technique focused on involvement of the user which makes a de-sign process more dynamic. Instead of ask-ing the user for feedback on a product and adapt this into the design co-reflection asks people to participate into the design pro-cess. The information gathered in this in-ductive process is than from a higher value.


Exploration

Confrontation

Ideation


Confrontation: of the ideas of the design-er and the ideas of the users. Updates the motivational vision from the designer by merging with the user’s desires and aspi-rations. (Oscar Tomico, 2009,)


COnteXt MAppInG Another tool that I used for my sessions, was context mapping. I will explain how I used this and which steps I took.

The more we know about a context where we are researching in the more likely it is that our ideas and findings might influ-ence our ideas. The context is everything that can relate to a subject, even a trough expert in a field is learning new things be-cause he gets to understand the context better. Context mapping is a procedure for conducting contextual research with us-ers, where tacit knowledge is gained about the context of use of products. The whole idea is that users can actively participate in the design process because the designers provide them with the context to generate their ideas. (Francis, 2005)

COnteXt/CO-reFLeCtIVe sessIOn OBA The basic structure for a context mapping session exist out of 6 steps, I will explain how I implemented these steps in my pro-cess for the session in OBA

1. PreparationI wanted to learn more about peoples personal values about their books. And in which direction my ideas could go. I wanted to have more input from employees of the OBA of which ideas they found valuable and why.

2. SensitizationTo let the participants get familiar with what

I wanted to do I gave them a small assign-ment. This was not only to get them famil-iar but also to have something valuable for the session. My assignment for them was to bring a book that was really valuable for them. This putted them already in the posi-tion to think about why books are valuable without having the feeling that they would work for me because it personally related question.

3. SessionDuring this session I didn’t forget to tape everything this time. In the beginning I started to explain everything what I want-ed to do which was no use at all, the best thing was just to start. I photo copied all the books so that the participants had some-thing to write on which I could remember to whom it belong. We started with a short introduction round, after that everybody explained why their book was valuable for them and they wrote it on the photocopied paper. After this I ex-plained 10 of my concepts which I had illus-trated on A4’s. In the next step they had to connect their value of the book to 3 of my concepts, and afterwards we explained each other why their values of their book connected to the ideas.Before I started this session I made planning to help me guide through the process. Dur-ing the process a lot changed though due to helpful feedback of my coach Oscar Tomico which was also attending the session. This planning can be seen in Appendix B


4. AnalysisAfter the session I analyzed the session by writing down everything relevant that has been said about the concepts, and all the values from the books. I putted this together in a Prezi, and written minutes. It was a good choice to do this session in a group in this way the dynamics where fast and still people had enough time to think what they wanted to say without feeling pressure. The results where personal, and I learned a lot about different physical and emotional values around books.

5. CommunicationThere was not much communication about my findings of this session except towards Oscar Tomico who was also there. So I did not much more than the Prezi and the minutes to communicate my findings.

COnCLUsIOnsThe insights I received from the sessions where very helpful. I prepared this session with a clear set of goals of what kind of in-formation I wanted to gain from the user. The data that I received was from a higher quality than I have had before. The discus-sions helped to understand my concepts better, and give me new directions within the existing concepts. Instead of generat-ing new concepts I now know that enrich-ing them with new data works as well. Every Idea can be interpreted in so many ways that this technique will always add more value to them.


VIsIts peOpLe tO OBA

One nice aspect of doing the internships job was that a lot of people came to visit the library when they were in the neighbour-hood, and I was able to show them around. It also gave me the opportunity to exchange research and broaden my view on what I was doing.

I rediscovered the tool Cmap tools (a mind-map program) because of Sander Mulder which helped me a lot to quickly visualize some thoughts that we shared. And Norma de Boer also steered me more in the future of eBooks instead of the future of libraries which was really interesting.


eXIstIng InterACtIVe prODUCts In LIBrArIes

Before I start with the concepts I have gen-erated this semester I quickly want to show what is happening in the world of libraries in the world of interactive products and ser-vices.

rFID teChnOLOGYThe Oba has a fully automated returning and loaning system made with RFID technology. The books are scanned and returned to the right floor and even sorted in different sec-tions. NBD|Biblion has tagged over 2,7 mil-lion books in the Netherlands which gives next its current use some extra possibilities. One of them is the Rotunda. (Collins, 2005)

rOtUnDAThe Rotunda is an interactive touch screen with a selection of books which are avail-able but not per se in the OBA itself. By plac-

ing their library RFID tag under the screen people can reserve their book for the maxi-mum of 2 euro’s depending where the book is coming from. (Leo Hörni, 2010)

This system is developed by H2interactive, and is than bought by NBD Biblion. After the transfer the product itself was still in beta face but the development after that stopped. Now the Rotunda is still shown to the public as it is in development. Oba is searching for opportunities to develop it further.

I think that the rotunda shows just a glimpse of what is possible with integration and the connection to the World Wide Web.


AIrpOrt LIBrArYIn Schiphol they have a library which provides visitors the opportunity to read books when they have to wait long. It has books in 29 different languages translated out of Dutch. All the books have a connec-tion to the Dutch culture. They have also a set of IPads used to showcase Dutch art-ists in movies. Next to that they have laid-back reading chairs and seats with inte-grated listening devices. And Passengers can also download digital content to their personal devices via a download stationI think the libraries integration of IPads and showcasing of books is quite modern, and shows a glimpse of what the future might be. (AIRPORT LIBRARY, 2010)

In my opinion this library shows what can be possible in providing their users with new service like its unique location and the Ipads.

LOCAtIOn FUtUre During my research on processing I stum-bled upon a system from the ETH in Zürich (Technical University). Hovering over all the different book cases will show you what section is in there. Clicking on it will provide you with the list of available books. I see possibilities for such a system showing where to go to once you have looked up a book in the computer, show-ing which areas are quit or crowded, and more. Placing touch screens on each floor providing this kind of information would be very helpful especially in large libraries like the OBA. (ETH, 2010)


oping them.

• “Learners of all ages will have ac-cess to a much wider range of content on-line in all formats.“How can libraries have a stay in this world? I don’t need to be at a library to get a book anymore. What will be the added value of libraries for me to gain knowledge?

• “Libraries will need to continue to demonstrate their value.”Will libraries survive the change they need their values and strengths in society even more. Not only with books, but with a range of services that compete with the on-line world.

• “The first chapter/volume will be published before others are finished. “Everyone can be an author we don’t need a publisher anymore. And writers can still earn money with small payment systems like what is happening in the Apple app store.

LIBrArIes

Part on my research was focused on explor-ing what is changing in the current and fu-ture world of libraries. I want to share 3 of my findings to give an impression of what I learned.

2020 VIsIOn BrItIsh LIBrArYIn the internship section I already described how expected change of society puts pres-sure on libraries. The British library has done research and has held discussions with a lot of expert in this field. To give an Idea of the experts: Vice-Chancellor, Uni-versity of Leicester, University Librarian and Dean of Libraries, Michigan University, Pro-fessor And Director of the Harvard Univer-sity Library, Vice President, and OCLC Pro-grams and Research and Chief. This is just the top of the list. They spend a lot of time and effort on their vision. I have listened to their discussions on a podcast, and have read their report.

I want to point out some highlights and interesting quotes that I think will be key trends that will give change and opportuni-ties for the next decade.

• “Technology will be in a constant state of beta.“Look at the IPhone every 11 months there is a new version, the rotunda is implement-ed while not finished, and you can try to be the newest and best but the only way to do that is by implementing systems while they are not yet finished and never stop devel-


Especially this part is I think important. Web based products allow us to do so many amazing things, integrations of these con-cepts towards the physical world by creating products that match the experience of an online experience will become more impor-tant. • “There will be more platforms that enable discovery ( some which are already there: Facebook.com, Librarything.com, stumble upon, Google, twitter, and these are only the most known ones)“

CONCLUSIONNext to these quotes I want to share their conclusion of what was most important out of the vision.The expectations and requirements of infor-mation usage will increase and the ways in

• “Searching will be based not on indexing, but on the relationship of words and their context.“One of the biggest challenges and op-portunities for libraries is to stand up and participate in the data mining and visu-alization section. Sites like visual complex-ity (example from this site is this image below) show a glimpse of how we can visualize large data sets in the future. Re-lationships and context can provide more valuable data to the user than a simple in-dex. There will be an increase in tools to represent large data sets.

• “We need to provide our audi-ences with innovative products and ser-vices that match their online experience.”


(JISC, 2010)Appendix C.

which information is provided will be more diverse.The nature of learning and scholarly com-munication will change to become more collaborative and inclusive of emerging technologies, moving away from a linear flow of information.

It will be increasingly important for knowl-edge institutions to reinvent and reposition themselves to create efficiency in service provision and to demonstrate the measur-able value they add to the economy

JISCNext to the 2020 vision of the British library I wanted to share another company that has envisioned the future of libraries which is called JISC. On the site of JISC is stated:

“JISC inspires UK colleges and universities in the innovative use of digital technologies, helping to maintain the UK’s position as a global leader in education.”

Libraries are at a turning point. As technol-ogy rapidly transforms the way we access information, and resources are increasingly available online and in digital formats, the established role of the library as a physical space housing racks of books is looking in-creasingly out of step with the needs of stu-dents and researchers.

I came in contact with JISC through a You-Tube video.They have a clear vision about how libraries have to rethink their role in current society. If you want to learn more about JISC look into


ed in eBook readers? Enabling people to cre-ate communities around books and sharing thoughts to people with the same interest.Or through libraries, what if we could see each others books through the community that already exist in the library? (librar-ything,2010)

LIBRARY THINGA more practical example of a web experi-ence that could be integrated with librar-ies is Library Thing.

Library Thing is a cataloging and social net-working site for book lovers. It enables us-ers to catalog their books, share reviews, and see people with similar bookshelves. The system provides the possibilities to add tags, ratings, or more background in-formation about the author. It is a system like Last.FM for music that enables users to connect to each other through their music, but in this case it is through books.

What if such a system would be integrat-





FUtUre OF eBOOKs Starting my research on e-books I found papers from more than 10 years old that showed already some possibilities of eB-ooks.

The University of California’s California Digital Library (CDL) formed an eBook Task Force in August 2000 to evaluate academic libraries’ experiences with electronic books (e-books), investigate the e-book market, and develop operating guidelines, princi-ples and potential strategies for further ex-ploration of the use of e-books at the Uni-versity of California (UC).

When the average person in 2011 hears about e-books there are still a lot of them who talk about it as something new. For me it feels that E-books are just here for one year now, but already 10 years ago they were talking about potential strategies for the use of e-books in libraries. 10 years ago in these business models several concepts

eBOOK trenDs

Next to pointing out what will be the change in libraries I also addressed the topic of eB-ooks as since 2 years ago the eBooks read-ers really made an entrance in our world, eBooks already exist for more than 20 years now. From the start of computers people have thought to digitalize text but until know books where better to read. As E-ink paper, and small high resolution screens develop faster than ever we are standing in the beginning of a new era of the book, the E-book.


IDeO FUtUre OF the eBOOKsIt is also nice too look at some current ex-amples of what will become possible with E-books in the near future. It really becomes clear that there is go-ing to happen a lot in the eBooks world if also major design companies like IDEO start spreading around concepts. Which was less than a year ago. IDEO says in the introduc-tion of their movie: “Books take us to fare away places and explain the world around us. They leave room for imagination and encourage reflection. Here at IDEO, we be-lieve that an increasingly digital context can add to our notion of books, instead of taking away from it.” (IDEO, 2010)

They have developed 3 concepts:

Nelson: How do we know which books are relevant if the amount of books are increas-ing dramatically? Nelson is a system that shows the impact of books, and provides a reading experience that enables you to see the bigger picture around the book. Debat-ing, discussions, sources, and media related context will enrich titles en help people to choose the right book. Coupland: With all the information it is hard to know what is really worth reading. Coup-land is a system that allows you to see books in your professional networks, and which might be relative to you. You can access the book list from your employees. A company can have a shared library showing what is most relative.Ellis: An interactive reading experience, that invites people to activity participate in the story. Plot twisters, linked to geographic lo-

already appeared such as:

• print e-Books on demand• monthly subscription to a com-plete database• Personalization (creation of one’s own document by selecting segments/chapters from several sources)Some of the possibilities they are talking about are• Multimedia information• Full tekst searching• Reference linking• Share or loan information


Before I show the end result I want to ex-plain all the steps that I took.

1. I started reading the reports and figured out a way to classify them on differ-ent aspectsa. yellow: conceptb. orange = involved stakeholders companies parties organizationsc. pink = values & goals from projects = design briefd. green = future trends & implica-

cations, or communicating with characters in the stories. Or contribute in the stories. A story can be nonlinear and be read in dif-ferent ways.

eBOOK FIGUresOf course we can discuss concepts, and see that there is a change going on, but what really illustrates it well is I think if we take a look at the sales of e-books by 14 of big publishers in America. In the info graphic of the Next web can be viewed in Appen-dix E. In 2002 the market of eBooks was already worth 5.7 million which is nothing to the expected sales of 2010 which was 720 million dollars. Since 2009 eBooks sales has increased over 160% a year. See-ing this exponential growth shows clearly that e-books will soon be a new standard. ( full image appendix E)

reseArCh preVIOUs prOJeCts

Next to my research in libraries and eBooks I have also looked into previous projects done in the OBA and analysed and classi-fied them on concepts, involved stakehold-ers, values and goals, future trends and im-plication of new technologies. I used these definitions to mark all the data that I found in different colours so that later on I could group the information and draw conclu-sions from the overall picture.

CLAssIFICAtIOnReading through the project reports I fil-tered out only the most relevant data which had a connection towards my internship.


platform providing a context for many sub-groups as there are bookshelves. Providing the platform for this is an opportunity. • Keywords like collaboration, co-cre-ation, collaborative learning appear a lot in my research, in future trends data itself is as important as the people connected to it. • Real conversations, and data con-nected to persons is from higher value than indexed data.

sOCIAL AnD phYsICALThe social but also physical aspects in my re-search can be described as follows:• The web provides high dynamics in sharing news, music, movies and more, how will these dynamics take shape on e-books?• People prefer to have freedom on the web and have the ability to customize and personalize their environment. How could this online experience be translated in a more flexible and personal library?• Sharing expertise becomes more important as the amount of data increases. I see an opportunity for the library to provide a place where experts can share their ex-pertise and give valuable recommendations about books. • Library users look for human trac-es in libraries, such as books that are just brought back, a book that is lying on strange place etc. Human traces leave extra value in their physical context. Libraries have the op-portunity to make the possibilities for traces even bigger. • An important value that we should not forget from libraries, that they are per-fect places to work and keep motivated be-

tions of technologies

2. I added the concepts that I gener-ated, the research from libraries and eB-ooks in the same classification

3. As most of them where concepts I applied Affinity diagramming to filter my concepts in different directions based on similarities

4. I analysed these similarities and came to the conclusion that I had 4 major parameters, physical vs digital and per-sonal vs social. With help of The Decision Book from Mikael Krogerus and Roman Tschäppeler, and my coach Oscar Tomico I managed to group all my data on these 4 parameters.

5. I filtered out most relevant data in Cmap tools (a mind map program).

resULt I will describe each section of this diagram in short to show the result. I will describe my results step by step. It exist out of the different categories which I defined in my classification session.

sOCIALThe social aspect in my research can be described as follows: • Providing the ability to discuss the relevance of data is important. For ex-ample, ratings and reviews.• Libraries can be a highly social




creasing rapidly• All digital concepts around music can be translated also to books, last.fm, Spotify, • The online environment will be-come more adaptable and personal, as well as the physical world. Computers and inter-net will be placed in more and more prod-ucts.

MIDDLe BLOCK FACtsThis where the aspects that I could directly place in a category because they were a mix of the 4 factors.• Linking information to each other and making it visible will become more im-portant• In 10 years books will become a luxurious article like LP’s• As in the music industry there is go-ing to be a shift from paying for the product towards paying for a service. There will be different payment methods and business models around books• What will a future librarian be? And how will they show their expertise?• Libraries appeared at the ancient history books where catalysing knowledge started, now it is more and more the Inter-net, but we should not forget the initial val-ue of books. Still a lot of scientific high val-ued information on the web has its origin on books. As the web is constantly changing we must keep a good eye on its sources.• Internet is focused on fast and con-densed information: sometimes without controlling the source of the information and therefore it the quality can become

cause people surrounding you doing the same thing. Make a clearer distinction be-tween different sections, fun and work, can make both experiences even better. • Libraries have a lot of people com-ing there with a lot of expertise, how can they make this expertise more visible to the whole public? So that people can meet up and help each other out sharing their ex-pertise.

sOCIAL AnD DIGItALThe social but also digital aspects in my re-search can be described as follows• E-books can provide communities around books, keeping track of your fellow readers, reading stats, etc. • Libraries have the opportunity to show their trending topics on each floor, and show the activity of books over a day. • Book collections from persons, companies, and organizations could be available online. • People like to look in other people’s private lives without having a confrontation with the person. • Co-created books will be possible, as everyone can work at the same book through the internet.

DIGItALThe digital aspects of my research can be described as follows• Digitalized will become the new standard. Physical comes second place.• Mobile internet will also become a standard as almost half of Dutch people already have mobile internet. And this is in-


• Libraries could have bookshelves showing interrelations between subjects and experts• Explore books with physical exer-cise, by walking, jumping and biking, what is possible?• Digital exploration is fast, how can this exploration even be faster with a physi-cal representation?

DIGItAL AnD persOnALThe Digital and Personal aspects of my re-search can be described as follows:

• Visual representations of how many users and activity around a book• Nonlinear story’s where people have the opportunity to write their own chapters within a book. • Visual dynamic representations of what is happening in big libraries is import to explore activities. Big libraries become more about activities and less about books. • Providing some basics tags and rat-ings about the book must be easy when us-ers return their book. • What if people have the ability to show their personal connection towards a book in a recommendation, video, story and photo’s?• Mobile access to your personal li-brary online. With books they have read, a whish list, and their connection towards other users.

persOnALThe personal aspects of my research can be described as follows:

lower.• Books are high quality information sources which are less fast, and a higher level of quality. But we have less time, therefore people only want to read the whole book if we know it would be worth it otherwise we just search for a summary of the most important points. Libraries should give the values of books so that we know again which books are truly worth reading.• Enriching the content sharing con-tent, context, pictures videos and other rel-evant data around a book will value books higher.

phYsICAL The physical aspects of my research can be described as follows:

• The physical Books can be the start-ing point for finding new information in the digital world.• Book exploration can be done more physically with: games, shuffling books, hanging books, etc. • People’s personal books in libraries can make it interesting to read such a book to learn more about someone else.

phYsICAL AnD persOnALThe physical and personal aspects of my re-search can be described as follows:

• Personal stories from people con-nected to the physical book. • The library should provide the op-portunity to have an influence on physical aspects of the building, and its books.


certainly opened up my view on the world as it is today and how it will be in the future. This will help me in future concepts to de-fine the goal, the restrictions and opportuni-ties faster.

One aspect that I particularly liked about my research was that there was a commu-nity around this subject interested in things where I was working on. Radio shows, web-sites, experts from all over the world had interest in the information that I am putting together.

• Looking into others personal in-terests will give the opportunity to find people with the same interest. • We don’t have to talk anymore to get the information we need but the in-formation through conversation is richer. What information in libraries is still in its speech form? Where are people triggered to talk with each other?• Libraries should provide the abil-ity to: work, study, read, relax, eat, drink and play. • Books can be guidance through live as they help us reflect on situations, how can other people learn from my re-flections?

COnCLUsIOns reseArCh: We are standing at the start of a new era of books, where people have more freedom for self expression through and around books. Where people have more opportunities to explore books, in multi-ple ways before they start reading them. My research was more an exploration than real scientific research as I made a rich collection of data that can teach you what is happening in the world of libraries. I think it gives a broad perspective of what is happening in the world to provide con-text for a lot of concepts that will emerge in the world of information, eBooks and libraries.I looked at all the changes that are going on to see possible opportunities. My re-search might be a bit long before I really started with my final concept but it has

IDEATION4


IDeAtIOn:

In this section of my report I will explain the most important concepts, and what activities I had to generate them.

COnCept GenerAtInG:A lot of opportunities that I saw in my re-search could lead to concepts. And this section has a strong relation towards the initial research. I did 2 brainstorm ses-sions, made mind maps, and collages. My personal opinion is that it is best to show this section in pictures.

COnCepts

BOOK BArAll the information that is provided on the internet can be a bit overwhelming. We are always trying to filter out information to-wards the most relevant parts. What if the library provides a space where you can get expert recommendations about a certain topic? These experts can be, known people, people who are visiting the library, employ-ees etc. In my concept the space itself has to have a certain look and feel that is clear from a distance that the person in the cen-tre is the expert. This expert shares his opin-ion about his favourite topic and shares the books which where important for him/her in this topic. It might be that there are sessions prepared in the calendar open for public. Putting the


entrance where people can explore what is available in the library on one place before they go for the real deal on a different lev-el in the building. I see it as an open place where books would hang on the ceiling. Books are not yet structured because you are there to stumble upon what is available. Books that hang there are iconic books for all the different subjects available.

It will be possible to pull a book down and look in to it while it is still connected. The system than knows which books are pulled

most important speakers in a calendar and in Facebook events will enable people to connect and come to the library for this ex-pert.

phYsICAL seArChFrom the beginning on libraries have exhibi-tion their books on the most efficient way to store as much books as possible. For the user searching the right book in the 800.000 books available can be difficult especially when you are just there to explore. What if there is a place in the library nearby the


pLAYFUL seArChOf course exploring the available books could also be done in a different way. What if a system would give you intelligent sug-gestions based on what words you stand on.I see it as a floor with interactive screens that react on your walking. Giving a wide va-riety of suggestions becoming more specific over the amount of steps you take. And the end result could be direction to a section within the library to see the books connected. I think such a system would work because it can be intuitively and with the suggestions people are stimulated to ex-plore new sections within the library.

down and can also let other books drop down from the ceiling as a suggestion. Such a system would not be idiot-proof. It might be difficult to implement if you expect that people will play around and hang on the books.I think it this concept just has to be seen as an opportunity that displaying books could be done in many way’s doing it dif-ferently will ask for attention.


books are sold the most. I suggest a more direct link of showing the data the library has. Be open about your books and which are read a lot and which not and people will value that. We come to a library for data, but these days people are more and more searching for other types of data. Data that shows relevance, data that triggers you to read something.

trenD WAtChInGAs the amount of data increases the same as the amount of available books are in-creasing people try to find out what is hot now. People share their opinion on YouTube, Facebook everywhere. What if librarians could visualize their available data about books? New trending books, new trending subjects, new trending writers, new trend in most read book. This is already happening, also in book stores and on the web, but what is not yet in the library is access to the real user data.

Best sellers all have banners about how good the book is but we cannot see which


a book is not there but someone has it at home you might arrange a book switch, or find new people by browsing through similar bookshelves as your own.

It might especially be interesting if popular collections migrate from people’s homes to-wards the library. Books might get a second life once they are read.

LYBrArYthInG ++The library is more than just a place to store books. But libraries can be a link to share books between not only other li-braries but also between people’s homes.

I think most of the time the real value of a book can be found in its context, the bookshelf of a person with a personal his-tory. Library thing is a website that makes it possible to browse through the books of other persons. And the more books you have on your book shelf the more likely it is that the system rolls out a good rec-ommendation. The integration of such a system with the OBA would be perfect. If


VIsUAL reFLeCtIOn OF COLLeCtIOnsThe library can be seen as one big living or-ganism. New books come in and out. People are walking more or less in certain sections. Different subjects become bigger or smaller.

This information is relevant for the visi-tors to immediately get a feeling of what is going on in such a big library. What if this information is provided in the beginning of the library? It can work like a reference point for people to see where to go to with-in the library.


WALL OF BOOKs MY FInAL COnCept In Its FIrst stAte.What if users could add their personal story to a physical book which can be read back when connecting the book to an RFID reader. Here I also included the possibility to add video’s about the book, and other inter-esting stuff from the internet.


could be a section within the library with the physical version of the master pieces.

pUBLIsh YOUr OWn WOrK tO OBAPeople want to be heard, and connect to the rest of the world. How could this be possible through a library?

Libraries are all about books that are pub-lished by know authors. As we come in the digital era of books the freedom and possi-bilities around eBooks also becomes bigger. I think libraries have to follow that route and give the possibilities to share your work, research, papers, etc. on the public domain OBA.nl. If the system would have a good rat-ing system the good works could be filtered from the less impressive works. And there


BUsIness Vs OBAWhat if known companies can share the books that they are reading? Not so much to market their products, but to contextu-alise books. Every larger company has a set of books that iconizes them, for users this might be interesting to see what is behind a certain company. For the company itself it can be good opportunity to expose them-selves on a different level for a large public. DIGItAL BOOKMArKs In phYsICAL BOOKsWhat if while you are reading your book you can see notes, story’s feelings, of other readers that also read the book? It can put

persOnAL LIBrArYWhat if the library could have places in it be more like a second home? With your own books on the shelf, a coffee machine, some music, controlling the light and the atmosphere. The idea is that there are certain area’s with a lot of freedom to change it to your liking. I hope for an in-teraction where people start owning and decorating a piece of the library. Freedom for change is important, how can the oba provide a place that gives you this feeling of freedom?


looking for possibilities within them.

sCOOpItIs an easy blogging tool that provides data for your blog by an algorithm that looks into your current content, and searches for new content on the web. Their concept enables it to co-create on a blog. What if every book or every collection of books can have such a blog, giving the ability to co-create their story around it.

a story in another dynamic. This idea is re-lated to the idea of open margin which I didn’t knew on the moment of creating this concept.

pOssIBLe COOperAtIOn stArtUp COMpAnIes WIth OBA

This semester I had the opportunity to visit the next web conference. A lot of things that I saw there could easily be transformed into concepts for the OBA. I want to share my thoughts about these 3 companies and tell you the opportunities that I see.

sILKWas the winning startup company of 2011, of the (250 participating startups), they pro-vided a system that analyzes large datasets and visualizes it instantly. Building up com-plex queries is made possible because their system filters out most relevant data in provides suggested information. Visualiza-tion of data about books and users and the ability for users to generate the data they need themselves could be a powerful tool to explore books on a new level.

Open MArGInIs an application for the IPads that enables you to give your opinion, thought, or stories about paragraphs of text inside a book. The library is a perfect location for user testing. Which also can put the Oba in a good spot-light. This is because participating in future web developments will show the public that the Oba is not afraid of eBooks, but are

THE FINAL CONCEPT5

s081936 Internship OBA sep-jun 2011 635the FInAL COnCeptIn this section you will write about why I chose my final concept, how it works now, and what the future possibilities and re-quirements are.

ChOOsInG FInAL COnCeptDuring the midterm I had 2 weeks where I was not able to work properly due to per-sonal issues. This meant also for me that I had a hard time deciding which concept to work out. Telling what I had in mind to my coach helped as he showed me how I could combine the strengths of other con-cepts in that one concept.

DeVeLOpMent COnCeptI opened up my mind about the concept and made a Mind map size A0 combining all the things I learned in the research. I combined opportunities, ideas and direc-tions into one single concept. To filter out double things, practice my form and sens-es skills and to communicate my concept I printed the mind map with typed text and created a condensed illustrated version of it on top of the old one.


2. This example about the topic is than showcased in this place in the library. Next to this book, of the known person the library also arranged a large range of books about these subjects in the bookshelves and tables surrounding this place. People are free to choose these books or other books to write their own story. But irrelevant or low qual-ity stories can be removed by personal really easily.

sCenArIOContext and scenarioImagine a place in the library which can be seen as a sub library. The place forms itself through the data generated in the interaction between users and books. The goal for my concept is to get people sharing their thoughts about books. In an ideal situation I see the following scenario working:

1. After an event within the library which is interesting enough for a larger range of people the person involved is asked to write a high quality personal sto-ry about a book he or she read. This story has some guidelines, it has to be about what this person learned from the book, and how the book has had an effect on his live. Instead of a summary of the book which also can be found on the internet


4. Writing a story will be done one a computer, a library card and book is required to make the story. So that the system know who wrote the story

5. Once the story is finished the user can decide where he wants to showcase his work by scanning one of the available screens with his library card.

The same process can repeat itself over a time. Added content to books can be looked up again simply by putting the book on a scanner that will read out the added content.

3. Once a person is interested in the subject he or she can pick up a book or choose a book from the database, to write their own personal story about it. On the display there will be information about the person (Name, profile picture, age, profes-sion) with the ability to shoes what will be visible for the public. The story will have the image of the book cover, title of the book and the rating of the book.




blog form so that the data can be read back whenever you want. Share stories over the web, and comment on each other’s recom-mendation. Communities can form them-selves through this system providing each other and the Oba relevant information about the subject. Experts in the subjects should be asked to get involved in the library. If they participate they should be rewarded for sharing their expertise.

I see a possibility with a direct link to social platforms as Facebook and twitter with my concept. Posting a story from yourself of someone else could be done by scanning a screen with a story with your RFID tag.

I see future possibilities to showcase not only showcase personal stories about books but all sorts of data in all kind of forms. Be-cause the data is linked to user card the system should be quite save for vulgar or ir-relevant data. Of course a lot is possible in filtering and monitoring content.

POSSIBILITIES:This concept is an interface that works with a database it could be integrated fur-ther into the web than I described above. Therefore I want to share the possibilities that are important in my opinion.

It might be possible to write your stories about your books at home by logging in with your account. Sharing the story the story in the library will be as easy as load-ing the story on the card and showcase it wherever you want.

Each started subject will be stored in a


the book.

InterVIeWs:To see if I was missing possible implication issues within the library I did 2 days of inter-views on the work floor of the OBA. I shortly explained them my concept and the possi-bilities I saw with the use of illustrated A4’s of my concept with some text in Dutch.

This are the possibilities and requirements they gave me the following:

The topics must be chosen carefully and should be interesting for a broad public. The topic should have a clear relation to an event or the news to get peoples interest.

The system should be integrated with the current system, people must have the op-tion to see that the book is showcased somewhere in the library if they can’t find it on their normal spot. The system should be connected to rotunda, so that there is an option to reserve books.

It has to look good, it has to be simple and clear how to use it. The guidance through the process has to be really basic. It should be possible to add other multimedia to a book than just text. People don’t walk around that much time it should be possi-ble to do it real quick.

There should be the possibility to vote on what new subjects should be. This will get people active in the subject in advance.

To ensure the quality of the recommenda-tions there should be visible guidelines and examples on the place where people write their story. An option to select what kind of story you are writing might be good to implement as people also might have ques-tions about books, and just want to share their opinion.

To get people to write their story in a cer-tain subject it might be a good possibility that people can say in which topics they are

interested so that they get notified when there is something new of their liking. Good stories should be rewarded with for exam-ple the ability to borrow some dvd’s or cd’s for free.

Oba must provide enough copies of the books that are showcased, or there has to be a clear system like the rotunda to order


4. The interface.

teChnOLOGYFor my prototype I decided that I wanted to work out the technical part as that was the part where I didn’t work on a year ago in a similar project. I created a prototype where people can shoes what personal data they wanted to display by putting their user card on a RFID scanner. By placing a book on an-other scanner they gain access to the writ-ing a story about this particular book. Once they are finished they can showcase their work on screen by scanning another RFID reader placed nearby the screen with their library card

FROM THE RFID TAG TO PROCESSINGTo connect the RFID Phidgets with process-ing I used an existing library phidget21.jar which enabled me to create new RFIDPhidg-ets objects. I used a code which a team member Edwin Meijne from a previous pro-ject had written to establish a connection to the readers. The Code listens to attachment and detachment of readers. And it listens if there is a tag gained or lost. The next step is to send the required data to the database.FROM PROCESSING TO MYSQL SERVERTo connect to my local WAMP server (Win-dows, Apache, MySQL, PHP) with processing I used a MySQL library for processing. This part of code established a connection with the database and made it possible to per-form queries. An example of one of the que-ries that I performed was:mysql.execute(“UPDATE `books` SET `vis-

There should be more possible with the system for subscriber of the library than for not subscriber.

If the input is a computer for this system, think of privacy, viruses, and monitoring the system.

Different activities we have in the library have a specific set of users that is partici-pating every time. Think of how you can get a large user group involved.

In the development face it should be re-ally easy to provide feedback about the system.

COnCLUsIOns:I had spent a lot of time thinking of every possible scenario on my concept, but still I missed out a lot that I gained by talking to the experts in the library. The suggestions they gave me helped me to set some of the requirements for the end product.

DeVeLOpMent OF prOtOtYpe

The last 3 weeks of the internship I worked on developing my final concept. One of my goals was to get the experience work-ing as good as possible, to be able to test my concept on the exhibition. My final prototype can be described in 4 parts.

1. From the RFID tag to processing2. From processing to the database3. From the database to PHP with help of JavaScript.


is actually something changed in the data-base. If there is something changed (a tag is gained or lost) it runs the functions to up-date the screen.

INTERFACEAll the data for the interface is retrieved out of the server and styled with basic HTML and CSS rules. I focused on making the in-teraction working more than making the interface look nice. If such a system as I cre-ated is ever going to be implemented there has to be thought of some further develop-ment of the interface.

COnCLUsIOnsAs I focused on developing the technology for such a system as I did. I have not the tools available to use different types of in-put and output related to a database. I have opened up some more possibilities with the use of RFID tag and I am satisfied with the results. FUtUre reCOMMenDAtIOns AnD pOssIBILI-tIes

The concept and this report shows only a glimpse of what is possible and what is hap-pening in the world of libraries. I have seen that there are already a lot of concepts de-veloped which can be interesting for the li-brary. They only need further development. I suggest that libraries stick to good con-cepts and try to bring them to a new ver-sion every year or so. This is the only way that public will notice the change and see that libraries are adapting to current society.

ible`=’1’ WHERE `rfid`=’”+tag+”’”);

On the placement of a new book the code updates the columns visible to one in the table books only where the columns rfid is the same as the gained tag (+tag+). Id name_book visible rfid45 The Decision book 1 129817EI

FROM MYSQL TO PHPPHP is a language that can communicate to database but normally a query to retrieve data is only done once after an action of opening the page or on a click action. In my case PHP had to know constantly if there is something changed in the database. I have tried to let processing communicate direct-ly to PHP but I did not succeed in the limited time that I had.

I used a JavaScript function that would call itself after it finished, this created a loop. In every loop a PHP file is called on to check if there is something changed in the database. In this way my system knew when there was a new RFID card placed. This was the function I used:function checkdb() { var url=”checkdb.php?currentbook=”+currentbook+”&currentuser=”+currentuser; $(“div#checkdbdiv”).load(url); var t=setTimeout(“checkdb()”,200); }Every 200 milliseconds it runs the PHP script sending the current book and user data with it so that PHP can check if there


eVALUAtIOn:

reFLeCtIOn

Looking back at this semester I can be sat-isfied with the results I achieved. Although there are still a lot of things that I would have done differently when I would do this internship again. I would have liked to get more in contact with the employees and made a bigger impact than I have done now. But I can be very satisfied with what I learned and achieved. The internship was highly individual without clear assignments from Oba. During the process I had to figure out myself where to go and what I wanted to develop. In a way it was like a normal project with a little bit more interaction be-tween me and the client. I have the feeling that I developed most of the competencies but know what I missed in my development this past semester. In future projects I want to focus more on physical aspects exploring materials and manufacturing techniques be-cause until now I have not done so.

prOCess WhAt DID I DO?This semester I focused on preparing my activities better by reading about exist-ing techniques and methods. I read more about how the company IDEO organizes their brainstorm sessions and implemented it my own brainstorm sessions. After that I focused on co-reflection and context map-ping techniques which I implemented in my preparation for a session with employees from the OBA. In this session I presented my ideas and I practiced my concept drawing skills to support my ideas. Because I care-

Big libraries but also the small ones have the opportunity to test new interactive to a large variety of public. I see the testing aspect as a perfect environment for de-velopers of all kinds. Startup companies, students, artists all can have something to gain and can bring something to the library. Co-creration with these parties with clear goals and concepts which will be developed over multiple years is in my opinion the best and maybe the only way for leading libraries to get their system to a higher level.


feedback but as most of the time proto-types are not yet finished until the end of the process interviews can help validating. But the discussion with the employees (the experts) gave me a lot of restrictions and possibilities that I hadn’t thought of yet.

In my final concept I focused on making the technique work as this could give me the knowledge that would enable me to easily rebuild such a prototype in a different form in the future. I learned the basics of PHP, MySQL, HTML, and JavaScript and Process-ing to make it work.

reFLeCtIOn On the ACtIVItIes

The library was a place for me that provided a lot of opportunities. The employees at the Oba had years of experience with libraries and knew a lot of what is going on in the library world, talking to them taught me a lot. I also had the opportunity to develop a concept for a real context for the first time during my study. Although I had a lot of opportunities I had also a lot of freedom in what I did, which kept me more on the background than I wanted. My expectation was that I could create something in with existing projects or in participation with other employees. Instead of that I had a working place there but had to figure out myself what to do and what to create. An internship is established so that you can experience another company and put your skills into practice, but without clear goals from the Oba it was hard for me to moti-vate myself. I decided than to just focus on

fully planned the sessions I could reflect on it better later on. I also visited a company called BuroKoos to discuss the results of my context mapping session and received some insight of how they used this tech-nique.

I also did extensive research this period to achieve a higher understanding of the con-text I was working in. I researched libraries and eBooks and focused on the past pre-sent but especially the future. I took a look at existing projects done in the library by the TU/e to learn from their research and concepts. Next to documenting this data in a blog, and making collages from the most interesting pictures I found, I as well ana-lyzed the data that I collected in depth.

I used different techniques to classify my data and to group the data that I received. I used infinity diagramming and a model that I created to filter out my research in differ-ent sub groups.

Regular meetings with Oscar, always helped me a few steps further in the process. He helped me make decisions and see new op-portunities in my ideas.

In my concept development I did some ex-tensive mindmapping and also illustrative drawings which helped me get a better un-derstanding of my concepts. The drawings I made also helped in the interviews which I had with employees of the Oba. The in-terviews where very enriching for my final concept. I know now that testing out a prototype can be one way to retrieve user


to push me a bit further because I work bet-ter under pressure. I also need to work on my uncertainty. I make situations to com-plex because I have to high expectations of myself and the end results.

I learned a lot in doing explorative research because I used different methods to gain data.

The making and synthesizing part is still a era where I can use some further develop-ment. In the future I want to explore more in materials, manufacturing techniques, making prototypes. I would also like to be able to make good sketches and 3D mod-els. Because the best way to communicate concepts and explore the possibilities of a concept is by making it.

LIst OF MethODs AnD theOrY thAt I CAn Use FOr MY FInAL BACheLOr prOJeCt

• Planning in Prezi, was a good tool, but hard to print out. Next semester I will make the same planning in illustrator and keep it online just for my coach to keep track of what I am doing• Cmap tools as mindmapping tool worked really good this semester, every time that I didn’t know how to go further I analyzed my thoughts by making mind maps• Lots of short term goals with clear deadlines are necessary for me to keep eve-rything on track, because otherwise I have too much stress in the end. • Co-reflection, context mapping,

what I wanted to learn and develop the fi-nal concept at DQI.

For the combination of competencies, user focus and perspective and ideas and con-cepts I have the feeling that I made some big steps this semester in how brainstorms, context mapping sessions, co reflective ses-sions and interviews can help in the design process.

In integrating technology I made some big steps again and taught myself to work with databases which gave a whole new insight in programming. One of my focus points for this semester was analyzing complexity as this was always something I liked but never developed sub-stantially. I explored techniques to classify data and model it in such a way that the relation between data enriches the con-tent. I also practiced my nonlinear thinking methods within mind mapping, which was a good tool to start working out data when I didn’t know where to start.

The extensive research on libraries and eB-ooks helped me broaden my view, a I now have a clearer vision about the future of ed-ucation, libraries and technology. I have ex-plored the world of blogging, and am now following a few blogs which will keep me up to date on the latest changes in technology, art, education, and the web.

Points that keep coming up in my reflection is planning issues, I don’t need a coach to define my deadlines I can do that myself. But I still need a coach that asks for results


brainstorm sessions, and interviews have now a set of guidelines and references for me to use in future projects. • The classification tools for the data where helpful to see the bigger picture and filter out relevant data, and I know how to implement this in other projects• What I learned in integrating tech-nology can easily be transformed to a whole range of new prototypes. • I reached deeper level in my con-cepts when I had to explain it a few times, good communication between my fellow students and coach will stay important in individual work to grow further not only by things I read but also from feedback I re-ceive during work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY6

s081936 Internship OBA sep-jun 2011 776BIBLIOGrAFIe2020 Vision. Board, The British Library.

Amsterdam, Openbare Bibliotheek. 2011. facts & figures. OBA.nl. [Online] 2011. http://www.oba.nl/index.cfm/t/Facts___figures/vid/1DEE2C9A-17A4-A597-D914D4576433DC92.

Collins, Jonathan. 2005. rfidjoernal. rfidjoernal. [Online] 2005. http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1920/1/1/.

ETH, ISBP. 2010. library navigator of the inforamtion center. [Online] 2010. http://www.infochembio.ethz.ch/en/librarynavigator.html.

Francis, Taylor and. 2005. Contextmapping: experiences from practice. Delft : sn, 2005.Gurp, Tijmen van. 2011. Prezi Planning. Prezi. [Online] February 2011. http://prezi.com/axdbdf1_nwds/planning/ .

ideo. 2010. Ideo future of the ebook. [Online] 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISxgVmRnFq8.

Ives, J.J. Little &. 1954. The american internation Encyclopedia. New York : s.n., 1954.JISC. 2010. JISC. [Online] 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjoJd_uN-7M&feature=player_embedded .

Koos. 2011. BuroKoos. [Online] 2011. http://www.burokoos.com/.

Leo Hörni, Jan David Hanrath. 2010. Rotunda. H2Interactive. [Online] 2010. http://h2in-teractive.eu/producten/rotunda/.

Librarygthing. Librarygthing. [Online] http://www.librarything.com/.

OBA. 2011. Anual Report. 2011.

Oscar Tomico, Kees Overbeeke, Joep Frens. 2009,. Co-reflection: user involvement for. Boston : sn, 2009,.

unknown. 2010. Airport Library. nlpvf. [Online] 2010. http://www.nlpvf.nl/nl/airport-li-brary/.

APPENDIX7


AppenDIX: A

The topic of the internship at DQI:

Cataloging will be connected together. The digital catalogue will be complete, stand-ard. Digitally everything can be found eve-rywhere but not physically. The physical catalogue (collections) differ from place to place.

Physical collections will become an emer-gent and dynamic entity. Physical libraries will become specific, tailored to the com-munity.

Libraries as a networked organism with distributed physical collections. Each li-brary will have a different profile on which they collect and buy books.

Libraries becoming communities of prac-tice, users becoming experts, look at the long tail, wisdom of the crowd.

Adapt the library to the user needs, to the local communities, library from a neigh-borhood and to the neighborhood, per-sonalized libraries.

Help the library to find what they can’t find, act as recommendations to the li-brary catalogue.

Each library becomes a self-organized system where the users are the motor of change. They accentuate the accents of each library.

It is a double guidance, cooperation. The library shares they expertise and guides through their collection and the users point the missing parts.

Create a playful way to know what the users can’t find. Catch the eye at the beginning. Invites people to participatie. 7


AppenDIX B

Activity Time GoalBook discussion: Everybody pres-ent themselves with a book, people tell why this book is important for them. Values are than putted on post-ids on the books.

Create a clear image of each book of what it means to that person.

2 minutes per person ( 6 persons +- 15 minutes)

Find set of values connected to the book. Get group thinking about what a book more is than just paper to read. Physical, social, historical val-ues.

Present Ideas and connect them to the values of the books: After each explanation of a concept people have to connect the values of the books towards a concept. Multiple books per concept are a possibil-ity, after each concept the names of books are written down by each concept. Books can be used mul-tiple times

How does the concept relate to the set of values? How could the con-cept relate, what change will the concept need.

20 minutes, 10 concepts, 2 minutes per concept

Find potential good concepts, enrich the projects, find new opportunities, and see extra value of concepts. Adapt concepts to library needs, shape them in the right directions.


Implementation exercise:

How can the concept be imple-mented in the future, role-play act out write down the steps that have to be taken to put the concept into practice

I provide: post its, papers scissors etc.

Maybe in groups? 2 groups of 3? Present to each other? Prepare at the same time.

Acting out, afterwards explanation.

30 minutes, the best 3 concepts

Find goals for the future, find constraints, find opportunities to process idea. Find resources for idea, shape the idea into possible context. Let people from the library think from my position so that they can help me better in the future, give me guidance through the company/process. See if idea has value for them.


AppenDIX C

JISCAllied with technology, library users’ needs and preferences are helping to drive the change in libraries. Students, researchers and teachers now expect to be able to ac-cess information around the clock, from almost anywhere in the world and via a growing number of devices, from laptops to phones. What does this mean for the academic library as we know it? What will it look like in 10 years’ time? Will it exist in its current physical form? What role will librarians play in supporting learning and research in the digital age? Through the Libraries of the Future campaign JISC has opened up these questions to a stimulat-ing and enriching discussion. The debate is grounded in JISC’s commitment to libraries and the services they offer as a vital part of the education and research infrastructure and an essential part of supporting the UK’s education system. The campaign builds on JISC’s rich history of supporting the library sector to work more effectively using tech-nology and working in partnership with re-searchers and educators. …libraries must rethink the way they work and the way that they support learning teaching and research. JISC has a long-established repu-tation working with libraries in universities and colleges to put in place change pro-grammes and to recognize that in the age of the internet and the other digital oppor-tunities, libraries must rethink the way they work and the way that they support learn-ing, teaching and research. The Libraries of

the Future campaign has taken this debate to a wider audience, through high-profile debates, publications and newspaper sup-plements and through the new technolo-gies themselves, from social networks to Twitter and Second Life


AppenDIX e

Internship OBA

Documents

context oba

oba openbare bibliotheek

situation of internship

business vs oba

final concept

oscar tomico coach oba

personal library

development concept