Internship

Internship Report

Project’ Name: Phnom Penh City Center

Submitted To: Mr.Marsat Omerovl

Student’s Name: Makara Soy

Date: 10/09/2015

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Contents: Page

Introduction…..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3

Company Information….………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4

Weekly Summaries

Week 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

Week 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

Week 3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Week 4………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11

Week 5………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Week 6………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13

Week 7………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14

Daily Reports

Day 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16

Day 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21

Day 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

Day 4…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30

Day 5…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34

Day 6…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37

Day 7…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39

Day 8…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43

Day 9…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45

Day 10………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49

Day 11.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 52

Day 12.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55

Day 13.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58

Day 14.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60

Day 15.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 62

Day 16.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64

Day 17.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66

Day 18.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68

Day 19.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70

Day 20.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72

Day 21.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74

Day 22.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 76

Day 23.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 78

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Day 24.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81

Day 25.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83

Day 26.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 85

Day 27.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 87

Day 28.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 89

Day 29.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 91

Day 30.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 93

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 95

References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96

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Introduction

“Internship is a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training

rather than merely employment. Furthermore, it is an official or formal program that

providing practical experience for students.” Internship is very important for

undergraduate students who will nearly become professionals in order to learn about

practicing.

To intern means “to pass inside something”, and when you have an internship, it’s

like you have permission to be inside a workplace. After the company allowing to go

inside, the students could use their knowledge of theoretical from lecture and applying

those knowledge for real practices. Besides working and applying their knowledge, the

students could learn more about how to work with people with different background and

knowledge. Sometime, they could order the worker to work according to reinforcement’s

plan. They certainly test their teamwork skill and communication skill. Depending on

company, the internship can be paid or unpaid. Some companies will allow the student to

work with their staff and paid for students.

Within the context of these crucial advantages from internship, Zaman University

urges the students to do internship during their third year summer in any company in

their related fields. Zaman University also considers the internship program as its credits

which students are required to complete in order to graduate. Depending on university,

some university require the student to do their internship for one month or three month.

However, with guideline from Zaman University, they allow the Civil Engineering’s

students to do their internship for one month. This one month in construction site will

help the student to use their knowledge from university and apply to real construction

site.

Responding to the requirement from Zaman University, Zaman University has

relationship with one local construction company in Cambodia. This local company is

constructing multi-function with supermarket and residential. With permission from the

construction company, I hope I have used all my knowledge involving civil engineering

and other crucial skills to work for the company and also try my best to get more practical

experience from the site during internship period.

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Company Information

May thanks to Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd Construction Company,

with our requests to do the internship program for the company are accepted. With a

very warm welcome from the owner of Hassan, they allow 10 students from Zaman

University to do internship in their company. I and other 9 students was allowed to join

the construction site which was called “Parkson” located along Russian Blvd, Phnom

Penh, Cambodia.

1. The Detail of developer project

Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd is a local company which locates in

Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This company have multi-parts which is working in Human

resources Employment agencies, Medical equipment, Laboratory testing, Home and

Garden business activities. Beside those multi-parts of company, Hassan (Cambodia)

Development Co,. Ltd has developed the construction site in Phnom Penh as well. Hassan

and other investor were developing the mega project that working on Boung Kok land in

Phnom Penh. This project is named PHNOM PENH CITY CENTER (PPCC), Retail

Development at Russian Federation Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. One of big

projects in Boung Kok land was Parkson.

2. Information of Parkson

Parkson is strategically located in the heart of Phnom Penh. The site is on Russian

Boulevard, the main access road to Central Business District and close vicinity to the

emerging financial district of Phnom Penh. Moreover, Parkson is along the main route

to/from Pochentong International Airport. The shopping center is right on the boundary

primary catchment zones are highly affluent Tuol Kork and Phnom Penh CBD. It is built

for supermarket, residence, office and hotel. It has two part of structures which the first

part is a long Russian Blvd using for supermarket. The first part of structure has 9 floors

for upper ground and 2 underground floors. The second structure is behind the

supermarket that has 20 floors. The function of the second part is used for residential and

hotel. The project’s budget is

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Here are the overall details of the project:

Project Name: Phnom Penh City Center

Developer: Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd

Architect: Ck&A

Designer: Ck&A

Consultant: PRC (Plan & Research consultant Co,. Ltd)

Post tension: PBL

Budget:

Location: Russian Federation Boulevard, Srah Chak Commune, Daun Penh District,

Phnom Penh City

Project Components: 9-Storey Shopping Mall and Hotel

Construction Start Date: 01.02.2013

Delivery Date: 30.08.2015

Land Area: 21,962m2

Gross Floor Area: 70,000m2

Retail Categories: Supermarket, DFI Lucky, Shopping Mall / Department Store,

Parkson, Electronic Mall, Akira Cineplex (10 Screens), Golden Screen Cinema,

Bowling

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“The new shopping, lifestyle, and family entertainment destination in

Phnom Penh. Discover exciting new international retail concepts, branded

stores and restaurants.” PARKSON

Figure 1: Parkson in Phnom Penh

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Weekly Summaries

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Week 1

Date Accomplished Tasks

June 22, 2015 Monday

June 23, 2015 Tuesday

June 24, 2015 Wednesday

1. Meeting before staring internship program. 2. Explanation safety control

June 25, 2015 Thursday

1. Starting with explanation the zone in project. 2. Site visiting. 3. Information about the designer and architecture of project. 4. The process of working before casting and after casting pile cap V. 5. Slump test.

June 26, 2015 Friday

1. Ramp 5 construction. 2. Location of Ramp 5. 3. Settle bar. 4. The process of working for post tension’s team. 5. The arrangement of reinforcement’s slab according to reinforcement’s plan.

June 27, 2015 Saturday

Name of the department: Site Management Supervisor: Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B) Approval signature:

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Week 2


June 29, 2015 Monday

1. The process of arranging reinforcement column in Zone 5. 2. Checking reinforcement of first column (C4/R1). 3. Using Coupler for reinforcement lapping. 4. The process of tight reinforcement by wrench. 5. Installation the inside stirrup (C35/E).

June 30, 2015 Tuesday

1. Checking the formwork before casting. 2. Survey the vertical direction of column.3. Pour Strip Connection. 4. Connection reinforcement of slab with pour strip.

July 01, 2015 Wednesday

1. The details of reinforcement slab in Zone 7. 2. The arranging reinforcement of slab with wrong spacing. 3. The installation of formwork with wrong dimension.

July 02, 2015 Thursday

1. The arrangement reinforcement slab in Zone 7. 2. The arranging stirrup inside beam with wrong spacing. 3. The forgotten arranging the top layer reinforcement of beam. 4. The installation the support of transfer beam inside the column.

July 03, 2015 Friday

1. The detail of slab’s plan at Zone 5B. 2. The detail of post tension beam. 3. The obstacle while installation the duct inside the column. 4. The process of using wire mesh (WWS) for arranging reinforcement of slab.

July 04, 2015 Saturday


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Week 3


July 06, 2015 Monday

1. The process of constructing wall on ground floor in Zone 1. 2. Finished digging soil for link concrete. 3. The obstacle while digging soil because of Pipe along the road. 4. The process of cleaning the formwork before casting in Zone 7(2F).

July 07, 2015 Tuesday

Absent


1. The process of curing in Zone 7(2F) after casting. 2. The arranging reinforcement beam along ramp 5 down. 3. The lapping reinforcement of beam. 4. The process of welding reinforcement beam with reinforcement of column.


1. The installation the top layer reinforcement of slab ramp 5 down. 2. The welding truss using for supporting transfer beam. 3. The lapping reinforcement of beam. 4. The process of installation truss


1. The process of tendon strands. 2. The technique for tendon the strands. . 3. Preparation before casting in Zone 3A (8F).



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Week 4



1. Installation the reinforcement of slab for last part of ramp. 2. Using the air pumping machine for cleaning the formwork. 3. Do slump test before casting concrete (ramp 5 down). 4. The process of casting concrete on ramp 5 down. 5. Raking the concrete after casting.


1. The process of curing the concrete of ramp. 2. Installation reinforcement of slab (Rod level). 3. Site Visiting (Zone 3B)


1. The process of installation the post tension strands (Rod level). 2. The arranging reinforcement of three beam joint together (Rod level). 3. The mistaken after installation the wire mesh of reinforcement slab.


1. The process of using Sika Latex to improve connection of concrete. 2. The process of tendon strands in Zone 3A (8F).


1. The function of transfer beam and how transfer beam different from standard beam. 2. The process of installation the outside stirrup of transfer beam.


1. The process of installation reinforcement for transfer beam. 2. The process before casting and after casting in Rod level


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Week 5



1. The changing place of longitudinal reinforcement along transfer beam. 2. Installation the anchorage block inside the transfer beam.


1. Installation the longitudinal reinforcement for the top layer of transfer beam. 2. Casting the concrete of column in Zone 7(2F). 3. The technique for casting in order to do not have honey comb after casting.


1. The process of tendon in Zone 3A (2F). 2. Denote the elongation data of strands. 3.Installation of dead-end part of strands inside the transfer beam


1. Installation the concrete block of transfer beam. 2. Installation the side of formwork of transfer beam.


1. Installation the other side of formwork for transfer beam. 2. Installation three layer of raking shores. 3. Installation reinforcement of beam along ramp 5 construction.



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Week 6



1. Installation the wire ties in transfer beam. 2. Installation the longitudinal reinforcement of new column on transfer beam. 3. Installation the driven pipe. 4. First casting in transfer beam.


1. Installation the reinforcement of beam along ramp 5 (line 2-3). 2. Using Sika Latex before casting concrete in transfer beam. 3. Casting concrete for second time in transfer beam.


1. The arranging reinforcement in ramp 5 construction. 2. Finishing arranging bottom reinforcement of slab (Ramp 5).


1. Finishing installation the top layer of reinforcement slab for ramp 5(line 2-3). 2. The exchange reinforcement from Φ12@100 to Φ10@65.


1. Installation the concrete cover for ramp. 2. Survey the top layer of slab before casting ramp 5. 3. Installation the top layer reinforcement of foundation.

August 01, 2014 Saturday

1. Prepare for casting concrete in Ramp5. 2. Floating the top surface of slab in ramp 5 using steel tube. 3. Using power trowel to create a smooth surface on the concrete


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Week 7



1. Installation reinforcement of beam and formwork in Zone 5A (3F). 2. The obstacle while install reinforcement of beam.


1. Installation reinforcement of column in Zone 6. 2. Installation reinforcement of support transfer beam inside the column. 3. Installation the formwork of column.




August 01, 2014 Saturday


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Daily Reports

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Day 1 Thursday, June 25, 2015

By starting the first day as the internship student, we arrived the construction site

at 7:30am. The whole day concluded with the general instruction of construction site,

explanation of project zone, and the construction the pile cap V.

In office, we were asked to meet the Human Resource Department. We had to

make the company identity card before enter into the site. There are two site manager

who be our supervisor. We met one of those supervisors, he gave us some plans of pile

cap. After that, he started to explain to general information of the project, the task what

should we do in construction site and explained the plan of pile cap.

1. Information about the designer and architecture of project

The project is a construction of supermarket, and hotel. He explained some details

about the process of designer and architecture of this project. The architecture and

Engineering of Parkson was prepared by the CK&A (CK&A CPMSULTANCY

INTERNATIONAL PIE LTD). CK&A was the international company located in Singapore.

This firm was established in December 2006. CK&A have finished designing and

architecture a lot of project such as Parkson, The Bridge of Cambodia, The 38 story retail

and hotel in Phnom Penh, etc. For this project, CK&A have designed the reinforcement

plan. When they finished the drawing, they summited the plan to main constructor which

was PPCC (Phnom Penh City Center). PPCC has some drawing team as well. Sometimes,

PPCC drawing team have to uses those plans and revised a new drawing for detail of

reinforcement plan. Before the construction, CK&A studied and investigated the

condition of soil as well.

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2. The Pile Cap V

Pile Cap V is the last pile cap for this project which located in Zone 6. The function

of pile cap V is used for construction of electrical room. There are 3 main pile caps in this

electrical room, but two of those pile cap has already constructed. The height of this pile

cap was 2.75m and the elevation of top pile is -2.5m compare with elevation 0.00. Pile

Cap V is a group of bore piles while has there piles involve. Those three bore pile has

diameter 1m. The shape of this pile cap is trapezoid. There are 8 workers working this

pile cap. They has started this pile cap for three days. After we arrived to the Pile Cap V,

the workers has finished the formwork and the arrangement of reinforcement bars. They

are working on wiring the reinforcement inside pile cap in order to prevent pushing back

of concrete while curing.

When the formwork is ready to curing, they start cleaning the waste inside

formwork as well as the bottom layer of pile cap. They clean the formwork in order to the

bottom layer of pile cap which is link concrete and top layer of bore pile working well

with new concrete. Before the allowing to curing concrete, there are different teams who

checking the quality of the formwork, reinforcement bars, and concrete and surveying

the elevation of pile cap. Firstly, there was a survey’s team came to survey where is top

surface of this pile cap.

Figure 1.1: Parkson, Phnom Penh Figure 1.2: The Bridge of Cambodia

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After that, our supervisor came to check the reinforcement and the quality of

formwork. He gave us opportunity to check to reinforcement inside the pile cap. He asked

us: Is those steel bars enough according to reinforcement plan? Is the spacing between

steel bar is enough? While checking the steel bar, I have one question to ask our

supervisor that why they construct all longitudinal reinforcements column not from the

bottom layer of pile cap instead of they only put the 8 main bars starting from bottom

surface. He answer that because they consider the leaping of steel was only 50 Φ of

diameter which 2m from the top surface of pile cap is enough for the column steels. The

other reason was that the company consider about the economic.

Figure 1.3: Last Three Pile Caps

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Figure 1.4: Install the horizontal shore for formwork

Figure 1.5: Welding Steel pipes for raking Shores

Figure 1.6: Reinforcement of bore pile in Pile Cap

Figure 1.7: Longitudinal reinforcement bars of Column

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After he have finished checking reinforcement of pile cap, we had to wait for ready

mix concrete truck arrival. The volume of this pile cap is 39.58m3. Therefore, they have

to order 40 m3 which need 6 truck. Before start pumping, site engineer allowed us to

check for slump test of concrete. The allowable slump for company is 12±2.5 cm. After

the slump test was conducted, the slump of concrete was 13cm. During curing the

concrete, there are there worker on the top of pile cap using one vibrator. While casting

the concrete, the site engineer did not allow other worker to stand near the side of pile

cap because it could be danger when the formwork of pile cap could not stand very well.

Figure 1.8: Slump Test

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Day 2 Friday, June 26, 2015

After gaining knowledge and a little experience form working at construction site

for the first fay, we are eager to learn and know more. Even though, we are internship

student, we have to arrive at 7: 30 am at construction site. Our supervisor want us to

work and learn the knowledge from the site by starting our working hour as their staff.

The Whole Day 2 concluded with some details of Ramp, Ramp Reinforcement’s Plan and

Post tension Cable Connection.

Starting day 2 with more specifics of Ramp, the worker were constructing in Zone

5. Our team started to learn the reinforcement’s plan of Ramp by ourselves before

starting to check the reinforcement. This Ramp located in Zone 5 and connected from the

first floor to second floor. According to plan, the side of Ramp located at column M-3 to

M-5 and other side of Ramp located from column N-3 to N-5. After we learnt very well

about the reinforcement’s plan, we started check the steel bar in Beam (B1 and B2). Both

beam B1 and B2 have dimension wide 1500mm with height 600mm. B1 and B2 have 4

layer of reinforcement which they are using fi 25mm. In each layer, they used 10 steel

bars which spacing is 155mm.

Figure 2.2: First Concrete Casting for Ramp 5

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Beam (B1) had longitudinal length 13.3m with connected to column that have

already constructed. They used some technique for connecting the reinforcement of

beam with the column. Before they constructed the column, they survey the elevation of

Ramp with the column. Then they put reinforcement length 7 m from one side to another

side of column by keeping 2.9m outside the column. They constructed reinforcement into

3 layers and spacing as same as the spacing of reinforcement in beam B1. After that they

cured the concrete of the column. While they arranged the reinforcement of beam, the

steel bar will be connected with reinforcement from the column. The steel bars was called

settle bar. My observation for Settle bars was that when they arrange the settle bar in

column, it is easily to connect reinforcement of beam with settle bar. Moreover, the

worker will spend less time while connecting settle bar.

In afternoon, we started to learn new thing which was how to installation Post

Tension Strand. While the reinforcement’s team have finished arranging steel bar for

bottom layer of slab, the Post Tension’s Team came to install the strand. The strand had

to install along the wide of ramp which was from one side ramp to other side. The Post

tension strand’s team had 10 workers. According to Post Tension’s plan, they had to

install the strand 1m a part from each other of the wide of ramp. They had to install in

reverse side of anchorage block. Each anchorage block had 4 strands. The reverse

Figure 2.2: Settle Bar Figure 2.3: Settle bar connected with reinforcement of beam

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anchorage block depend on the place of ramp. Sometimes, they did not need to reverse

the head of wedge because the place was very small and did not allow to tendon the

strand. The Dead-Ending part of strand was installed with reinforcement inside the beam.

The position of cable was on the top of reinforcement at bottom layers slab

reinforcement.

Figure 2.4: Installation the Dead-End of Strand

Figure 2.5: Installation of Anchorage Block

Figure 2.6: Prepare putting the strand in Anchorage Block

Figure 2.7: The Anchorage block with Recess former

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The slab reinforcement in the Ramp have two layers. The bottom layer have

already done installation since yesterday. After the Strand’s team had done installation,

the manager of worker started to order his members to install the top reinforcement slab

layer. By the starting without looking through to reinforcement plan, he ordered his

members to put the longitudinal rebar on the top of latitudinal rebar. After they installed

several reinforcements, the site engineer in other zone arrived and told to stop working

for a while. Site Engineer called us to come and asked to check on the reinforcement’s

plan. After looking through the reinforcement’s plan, I told him to reverse the

reinforcement by putting the longitudinal rebar on the bottom of latitudinal rebar. The

direction of arrangement reinforcement bar is very important for each structure because

if they arrange reinforcement bar not properly direction, the reinforcement on the

structure will not working properly. Sometimes, it could make danger for structure.

Figure 2.8: Reinforcement's Plan of Slab

Figure 2.9: Bottom layer of reinforcement's Slab

Figure 2.10: Reinforcement of Beam

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Day 3 Monday, June 29, 2015

By starting a new week with motivation to learn the new knowledge, we

arrived at construction site at 7:30am as usual time. Since the ramp construction was

casted last Saturday, we did not have much work to do. Therefore, we went to second

floor on Zone 5. Most of columns have already casted in this Zone as well as other

columns were already installed the formwork, but there are two more columns still

installing reinforcement. These columns were installed from second floor to third floor.

The whole Day 3 concluded with the process of working in Zone 5 and the arranging

reinforcement of column.

Figure 3.1: 2F to 3F Column in Zone 5

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The first column was called C4/R1 located at N/1 in plan. This column has

dimension 1200mm by 1800mm and has height is 5m. There are 14 steel bars on wide

column as well as 21 steel bars on long. Each side of column has two layers of steel bars.

The spacing of rebar is very crowded. By starting learning on this column, we started

focusing on the reinforcement’s plan of the column and a new technique on how to

installation longitudinal reinforcement. There are a group of worker who installed

longitudinal reinforcements. They tried to install the longitudinal rebar by taking the new

reinforcement tighten with old rebar on the bottom surface column.

Figure 3.2: Reinforcement plan of column C4/R1 Figure 3.3: Cut section of column C4/R1

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For the connecting the longitudinal reinforcement, the technique was used in this

construction site was very different from other site. Normally, the lapping length of steel

bar was at lease from 40Φ to 60Φ according to ACI Code. For example, if they have to

connect steel bar Φ 25, therefore they have to lap the bar length at least 1m. However,

they used couplers technique for connecting reinforcement instead of lapping technique.

Since the designer designed and used Φ 40 for column, therefore the coupler had many

advantages for connection rebar. Firstly, it was easy to connect one rebar to other rebar

only use coupler. Secondly, it did not waste time for worker trying to lap the

reinforcement. Lastly, it was economical and have the same strength as lapping

technique. If we used the technique for lapping rebar, at least we had spent length 1.6m

to 2.4m of Φ 40 for lapping each other. Therefore, we have to spend around 39kg of

lapping steel for one longitudinal reinforcement connecting each other. However, we only

used one coupler while connecting longitudinal reinforcement.

Figure 3.4: Using Coupler for Connecting Reinforcement

Figure 3.5: Coupler for Φ40

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After we had learnt column reinforcement’s plan, we checked longitudinal rebar

on C4/R1 column. While worker tried to connect rebar using couplers, we have learnt

some techniques for connecting rebar. There are 6 workers working on this column

where are 3 worker working on the top of column and other 3 worker working at bottom

of column. They tried to carry one side of reinforcement to top column and other side to

connect with coupler. While connected with coupler, they use the wrench to tighten up

to reinforcement.

Figure 3.6: Install longitudinal reinforcement column C4/R1

Figure 3.7: Tight reinforcement by wrench (C4/R1)

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The second column was called C35/E located at N/1y in plan. This column has

dimension 800mm by 800mm. This column was the smallest column in this zone

compare with the other. The longitudinal reinforcement was already installed. However,

there were 4 workers tried to install the stirrup. The way they installed stirrup was that

they installed the outside stirrups from the bottom to the top column and tighten up. After

that, they installed the inside stirrup where they left. The spacing from one stirrup to

other is 250mm. According to reinforcement’s plan, we can see that the designer designed

the column by reducing 4 longitudinal reinforcements on this floor.

Figure 3.8: Install the outside stirrup (C35/E)

Figure 3.9: Install the inside stirrup (C35/E)

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Day 4 Tuesday, June 30, 2015

With ambition to gain more experience at construction site, we arrived at

7:30am. As part of today, we continue where we left from Day 3. The whole Day 4

concluded with the installation of formwork of column, checking the formwork before

casting and the connection PT slab from Zone 5A and Zone 5B (Pour Strip).

We continued visiting column C4/R1 where we left from Day3. The process of this column

compared with other column was a bit slow. The reason was that there were only 6

worker working on this column. The spacing between longitudinal reinforcement was

very crowd. Thus, they took more time consuming for installation. By finished installation

of the longitudinal reinforcement of column, they continued install the outside stirrups

with spacing 250mm in this morning. After they had done installation the outside stirrup,

they continued install inside stirrup. In order to making the process easier, they kept only

the 4 reinforcements on corner straight and the other reinforcement wiring to become

small shape for wiring the inside stirrup.

Figure 4.1: Install the inside stirrup of column (C4/R1)

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Beside checking the reinforcement of column and learning the process of working, we

have learnt how they are connecting the post tension slab from Zone 5A to Zone 5B which

was call Pour Strip. In a large construction concrete building, it is often to have pour

strips. A pour strip is a section of concrete slab left open to control shrinkage and elastic

shortening. It can also provide access for stressing of post-tensioning tendons. Usually,

pour strip are left open for 30 day to 60 day to allow for initial shrinkage and elastic

shortening, and then filled with concrete after that time to complete slab continuity. This

pour strip has small dimension slab. The pour strip can leave very large slab cantilevers

on either side of the pour strips. While I arrived, the worker were trying to connect the

top and bottom reinforcement slab from the Zone 5A with new reinforcement. After they

had done connecting, they install the top reinforcement layer on the longitudinal

direction. There are other team for installation the post tension cable in between the top

and bottom reinforcement slab.

Figure 4.2: Pour Strip in Zone 5 (2F)

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Figure 4.3: The connecting reinforcement of Pour Strip

Figure 4.4: Connecting reinforcement of beam for Pour Strip

Figure 4.5: Installation the top layer reinforcement of pour strip

Figure 4.6: Install the concrete cover using Crane to carry

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Afternoon, I continued to Zone 5 again to learn how to install the formwork of

column and how to checking the quality of formwork. After I arrived, the worker were

working installation the formwork. The formwork were divided into 2 sections. After the

crane carried the formwork from the ground to the column, the working need to welding

the formwork and keep the formwork in vertical direction. After the formwork was

install, they had to welding the yoke of column. The yoke will keep the column be strong

when casting the concrete. After that, they have to install the prop of column. The prop

of column will keep the column stay in vertical direction. After they have finished

installation the prop, it was ready for casting. However, there were the consultant’s team

who came to check the quality of work. They came to survey the vertical direction of

column as well with checking the quality of prop for the column.

Figure 4.7: The yoke and the prop of column

Figure 4.8: Survey the vertical direction of column

Figure 4.9: Survey the vertical direction at bottom of column

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Day 5 Wednesday, July 01, 2015

Begin the first day of new month, our team started our internship program as

usual by arriving the site at 7:30 am. Most of slab in this construction site were post

tension slab, but there were also another reinforce concrete. As part of today, we started

to visit the slab on second floor in zone 5 which were reinforce concrete structure. The

whole day 5 summarized the detail of reinforcement slab’s plan in Zone 7, the slab

formwork, and the mistaken during arrangement of bottom layer of slab.

At 8:00 am, we met our supervisor at Zone 6. He explained the process of working

at the whole construction site. Moreover, he explained us what should we do for the

internship. He want us to see the process of post tension stressing machine as well. After

that, we went to zone 7 on the second floor. Zone 7 is only zone mostly construct reinforce

concrete compare to other zone. This zone has 6 blocks of lift walls and one of those lift

block was already installed the crane inside. While we arrived the second floor, some part

was finished installation of formwork and some part have not been installed formwork

yet. There were one part of this zone which was installed the bottom reinforcement layer

of slab.

Figure 5.1: Crane inside the lift wall

Figure 5.2: Installation the formwork of slab

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We started learning the reinforcement’s plan and then we started check the rebar

that they already installed the bottom layer of reinforcement slab. We can see that they

arranged the steel bar in different way from the reinforcement’s plan. The bottom

reinforcement layer spacing should be 150 mm by 250mm, but they already arranged it

to be 150mm by 150mm. We has discussed this problem and asked to site engineer. He

explained us why that problem have happened. He told that the worker have already

installed when he was not here. Then he said that it was a small slab construction. If we

rearrange the reinforcement with the plan detail, we had to waste our time and we only

got a little reinforcement back. Therefore, he still kept it and continued installation the

top layer reinforcement.

In this zone, there are a lot of sub beams connecting from lift wall to main beam.

There was mistaken in one sub beam. The layout of reinforcement plan in this zone is

mistaken. The layout showed that this beam had dimension 400mm by 600mm. However,

section of reinforcement’s plan detail was shown that this beam have dimension 250mm

by 600mm. By looking through the layout first, he told to the worker to make the

formwork 400mm by 600mm and installed the reinforcement inside the formwork. After

Figure 5.4: Wrong Arranging reinforcement for spacing 150mm by 150mm

Figure 5.3: Installation reinforcement of the top layer Slab

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he have checked the reinforcement again, he have called to our supervisor to confirm the

size of the beam. The answer shown that we should followed the plan detail. Therefore,

this beam needed to be reconstructed.

At the afternoon, we have met our supervisor at zone 7 where we were working

on checking reinforcement. As well as the problem have shown above, we have asked and

discuss with our supervisor. He have explained us the solution and explained what we

should do as internship student when there is a mistake. When we see such a problem,

we should ask site engineer and discuss the problem. Moreover, we and he also checked

the top reinforcement layer of slab. There is another problem happened. The slab

thickness is 175mm but measure from the bottom to the top reinforcement is 170mm.

This height was not considered the bottom concrete cover 20mm and the top concrete

cover. This problem happened because the site engineer was not looked at thickness of

slab according to plan. They used the chair bar to separate the top and the bottom layer

is too height. Therefore, they need to change to changed chair bar height in order to meet

the limit thickness of slab.

Figure 5.5: Beam with dimension 400mm by 600mm

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Day 6 Thursday, July 02, 2015

Since we started visiting in Zone 7, we found many interesting problems

occurring. Therefore, we would like to learn more on how to solve those problem. As part

of today, we arrived the construction site at 8:00 am as usual. The whole Day 6

summarized the process of arrangement of reinforcement in Zone 7 and the arrangement

support of transfer beam in Zone 5A.

In morning, we continued where we left in Day 5. In Zone 7, there are two teams

who were working on the arrangement of reinforcement and installing the formwork of

slab. We have checked the amount of reinforcement bars for slab and sub beam. While

we were checking, we found many problems occurring in this zone. In sub beam 2HB10,

it has length 7.9m and wide 300mm by height 800mm. According the reinforcement’s

plan detail, they should arrange the stirrup have spacing 150mm from the end of beam

2m. Moreover in the middle, the spacing of stirrup was 250mm.

.

However, they arranged the spacing of stirrup 250mm for the whole beam in

actual. When there are shear force, the area of reinforcement stirrup in this beam could

not prevent very well at the end. Furthermore, it should show the cracking after casting

concrete. Otherwise, the site engineer does not strictly concern much on the construction

Figure 6.1: The spacing stirrup was 250mm for whole beam (2HB10)

Figure 6.2: Top layer reinforcement of beam with 2Φ32 without 1Φ20

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site. There were another problems occurring in this zone as well. According to

reinforcement plan, the top layer of beam should be used 2Φ32 and in middle

reinforcement of the top layer should be used 1Φ20. However, they only installed the top

layer with 2Φ32 without installing the middle reinforcement.

As part of today, we have learnt another new thing that we have never known

before. We went to Zone 5A where we left the ramp last week. After we arrived, the

worker were working on the installation the support of huge beam which was called

transfer beam. The transfer beam will be support be two columns. The main reason for

creation transfer beam was to install a new column in the middle of transfer beam and

release the two support columns. This beam has dimension 2.5m by 3m height. Before

starting to construct transfer beam, they have to think to how to support transfer beam.

Inside the column, they have to install the steel bar as shown in figure (). This steel bar

will be support the truss of transfer beam after they finished casting this column.

Figure 6.3: Install steel bars inside the column for supporting truss

Figure 6.4: formwork of column

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Day 7 Friday, July 03, 2015

With passionate in learning the process of working at construction site, our team

arrived at the same time. Since, there were not many thing to do in Zone 7. Therefore, we

had to find other new zone to learn the process of working. The whole Day 7 started with

the detail of slab’s plan at zone 5B and the detail of post tension beam cover on Zone 5B.

Begin day 7 with more detail view of plan in Zone 5B, we went up to third floor. There are

two teams who working in different purpose. They arranged the reinforcement of beams

and other installed the post tension strands. In this Zone, the post tension beams have

dimension 1500mm wide by 600mm height. In each beam, the designer used the

reinforcement 14Φ12 on top and bottom layer. While installing the stirrup in each beam,

there are some people who working on the installation of slab formwork.

Figure 7.1: PT Beam at 3rd Zone 5B

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While working on arrangement reinforcement of beam, there was post tension

group. They were working on installation the duct in each beam before putting the strand

inside the duct. On side beam (Line K), they installed one duct with cover 19 strands. After

they put strands in the duct, they continue installed dead end part of strands with beam.

After that, they installed Anchorage Block. Before they install the Anchorage Block, they

need to put springs. They continued install the middle beam by using two duct. According

to Post Tension Plan, they need to install the elevation of duct in differently. However,

they also met some obstacle while installing. The spacing of reinforcement in column is

too crowd. Normally, while they were installing the longitudinal of column, the designer

have already considered the tendon part along the beam and crossing the column.

Sometimes, the worker forgot to keep some spacing for duct. Therefore, it was difficult to

put the duct on the top column rebar. They came up with idea was that they welded rebar

to become flexible and then they bend it. Finally, they could install the duct inside the

column.

Figure 7.2: The position of PTB-Anchorages (Line M, L)

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Figure 7.3: Installation the Anchorages guide

Figure 7.4: Welding the longitudinal reinforcement of column

Figure 7.5: The installation duct along beam

Figure 7.6: After install the strand inside the duct

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In the afternoon, they used wire mash for arrangement reinforcement slab.

Welded wire mash (WWS) is a prefabricated reinforcement consisting of parallel series

of high-strength, cold-drawn or cold-rolled wire welded together in square or rectangular

grids. Each wire intersection is electrically resistance welded by a continuous automatic

welder. Concrete structures are being successfully and economically reinforced with high

strength, uniformly distributed wires in WWS. The smaller diameter, closely-spaced

wires of WWS provide more uniform stress distribution and more effective crack control

in slab and walls. There are many advantage while using WWS in construction site.

Firstly, Using WWS can save time and money over the standard rebar methods. Wires are

welded in a mat. The wires do not more when concrete is placed, ensuring the wires are

in their proper position. Moreover, WWS provided the exact size of reinforcement where

needed through variable bar size and pacing, thereby reducing steel waste. Therefore,

this wire mash is very helpful in construction site.

Figure 7.7: Post Tension definition

Figure 7.8: WWS sheet ready for install on 3rd floor slab

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Day 8 Monday, July 06, 2015

Starting the new week with motivation to learn from construction site, we arrived

at construction site at 8:00am. We want to gain more knowledge and experience in order

to easily solving problem as we will become site engineer. We reviewed some

reinforcement’s plan detail and site visiting around the construction site. The whole Day

8 concluded with constructing wall on ground floor in Zone 1, and preparation casting in

Zone 7.

In the morning, we visited the wall construction in front of the building along the

Russian Blvd. This wall was prepared in order to connect with other wall which was

already constructed. The function of those walls will make the rod level for car driving in

front of the building. After we were arriving, the worker worked on digging the soil in

order to continue link concrete. Some part of link concrete has been finished. They have

to put rock inside the link concrete. After finished link concrete, they started to install the

reinforcement of wall. We have meet and asked the site engineer who were working on

the construction wall. He explained us the process of constructing wall and where to dig

the soil as well as the function of this wall.

While construction this wall, they also faced some problems. Because of the wall

was near the Russian Blvd, there are many private pipes as well as the electrical pipe,

internet pipes and telecommunication pipe systems. They meet some difficulties for

Figure 8.1: Finished digging soil for link concrete

Figure 8.2: Putting rock inside the link concrete

Figure 8.3: Finished casting concrete

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digging the soil. If they were not careful digging, they will break the pipe. Thus, they need

to talk to all these companies before constructing this wall.

In the afternoon, we visited Zone 7 that we have left since Friday last week. They

have almost done preparing the reinforcement of slab and beam. Since we were working

on this construction site, we can say that on second floor at this zone took long time than

other zone. The reason on this zone was that it was reinforce concrete slab. Therefore,

there are a lot of reinforcement installation for slab and beams. Moreover, they did not

used wire mash. On this zone, we can said that it was the critical zone. According our

supervisor’s plan, this floor will be casted this evening. However, there are some beams

not yet install reinforcement. Those beams need to casting at the same time as slab.

Therefore, our supervisor has changed plan to casting on tomorrow.

Figure 8.4: Pipe along the Russian Blvd

Figure 8.5: Cleaning the formwork

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Day 9: Wednesday, July 08, 2015

With ambition to gain more experience, we reach the site as usual. From one to

other day, we have changed the zone for visiting. Depend on Zone where we visited, if

there are not new process of working, we will visit another new zone. We want to gain

new knowledge and technique from site engineer as well. The whole day 9 concluded

with planning study of structure Ramp 5 down and checking reinforcement.

In this section, I want to summarize the process of working in Zone 7 before

coming to Ramp construction. I have left the slab reinforcement in Zone 7 since my Day

8 on 06/7/2015. On 7/07/2015, they have already finished installed the reinforcement

of beam as well slab. After that, they casted the concrete on second floor in Zone 7. By the

finishing casting tonight, today they were curing the concrete. Curing concrete is the

process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a

reasonable temperature range. The result of this process is increased strength and

decreased permeability. Good curing can help mitigate the appearance of unplanned

cracking.

Figure 9.1: Curing the Concrete in Zone 7 (2F)

Figure 9.2: Using jute bag for curing

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Ramp is one of the most critical structure in this construction site. There are two

ramps construction which for driving up and driving down. Today, we visited the

construction ramp 5 down in zone 6. Most of formwork was already installed for slab,

however, they were working on the formwork for beam. For reinforcement’s team, they

already finished installing reinforcement of one beam along slab of ramp. Since we

arrived, we started to learn the structure ramp. After that, we worked on checking

reinforcement of beam. The beam was along the ramp which has dimension 1500mm

wide by 600mm height. According to reinforcement’s plan, they used 3 layers of

reinforcement which using Φ 25 and each layer have 10 rebar. The arrangement of

reinforcement was different from other beam that I have seen before. They started to

arrange 2 layer from the top surface and 1 layer from bottom which has length 3.5m from

central axis of column. After that, they arranged reverse reinforcement layer by starting

1 layer from the top and 2 layers from bottom. This reverse layer started from 3.5m of

central axis of column. The leaping reinforcement between each other was 1.2m.

Figure 9.3: Ramp 5 Down

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In the afternoon, we continued to checking the reinforcement of ramp structure.

The worker already finished install reinforcement of beam. They continued to install the

bottom layer reinforcement of slab. This installation should be careful to installed,

because sometime they installed wrong direction if they did not look at reinforcement

plan. There are two kind of reinforcements for bottom layer of slab which are bottom

bottom and bottom top reinforcement. Sometimes, they confused to install the bottom

top reinforcement as the bottom bottom reinforcement. This could make the

reinforcement working in wrong direction. We also have learnt some techniques for

Figure 9.4: Section of reinforcement Detailing

Figure 9.5: Reinforcement of beam along Ramp

Figure 9.6: Lapping reinforcement of beam

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connecting reinforcement of beam with column was already casted. They crashed

concreted cover of column until longitudinal reinforcement of column. Then, they

wielded reinforcement of beam with longitudinal reinforcement of column.

Figure 9.7: Installation the bottom layer of slab (Ramp)

Figure 9.8: Welding reinforcement beam with reinforcement column

Figure 9.9: Connecting reinforcement of beam with reinforcement of column

Figure 9.10: Connecting reinforcement of beam with reinforcement of column

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With passionate gain more experience from construction site, we arrived as the

same time at construction site. Since, the weather was not good enough in rainy season,

the process of working today faced some obstacles with raining. When there were

raining, the process of working were stopped. However, even though there were raining,

we tried to learn as much as we can from construction site. The whole Day 10 summarize

with the process of ramp construction and some detail of transfer beam.

After we arrived the construction site, we went to zone 6 where we left yesterday.

The worker worked on the installation of reinforcement for top layer of slab ramp. As

part of today, we have checked the reinforcement of beam as well slab. We found out that

the arrangement of reinforcement was followed by the reinforcement plan details. There

were the other team working on installation the longitudinal reinforcement of column.

This column will be casted at the same time with ramp. This column will be casted at the

same height of the top surface of slab. Therefore, they had to finishing this longitudinal

reinforcement as soon as possible. There are also another team who working of

installation formwork of ramp. They were installing the side beam formwork. They have

some difficulties during installation because this structure did not provide enough

spacing for installation. As part of today, we have learnt the process of connecting the

reinforcement of beam as well as the process of formwork installation.

Figure10.1: Finished installation the top layer reinforcement of slab line (4-5)

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At the afternoon, we visited the process of installation the truss to support the transfer

beam. In this section would like to describe the process of generating the truss. The truss

was made from the steel H profile and have difference dimensions. On the longitudinal

steel, they used Steel H profile that have dimension 250mm by 250mm. The formwork

foremen have to creating the truss carefully. The limiting thickness of welding was 7mm.

because the truss was so heavy and difficulty to welding, the formwork foremen have to

spend a lot of time to install one piece of truss.

Since this transfer beam stood on two columns, they had some difficulties while

installation the support. They came up with the idea installing the truss one piece by one

piece. The truss was so heavy to install and have many bolt connection. The process of

this installation of support have to take a lot of time to finish the whole truss support.

They have to make the truss staying in vertical direction and bolted the joint connection.

This truss have to be installing on each side of column (Figure10.7). When casting

concrete, this support need to be strong enough to support the load.

Figure 10.2: Prepare truss for supporting transfer beam

Figure 10.3: Welding the truss

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Figure 10.4: Carrying the truss by Crane for installing the support

Figure 10.5: Supporting the Truss

Figure 10.6: Putting the truss on supporting

Figure 10.7: Install other side of truss

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Form one day to other day, we gained more experience from construction site.

We tried to learn something new from the process of working and site engineer. In the

future as we will become a site engineer, we want to apply our new knowledge in

construction site as well. As part of today, we arrived at construction site around 8:00am.

The whole day 11 concluded the process of tendon strands and the process of preparation

casting concrete on 8th floor in zone 3A.

Since we were internship students, we have never experience the process of

tendon strands. As part of today, we have learnt the process how to tendon strands.

Before the company allowed to tensile the strands, normally they had to test the

compressive strength of concrete. They have their own methods for calculating tendon of

strands. Normally, if compressive strength of concrete reached from 75% to 80% of the

overall, then they allowed to tensioning the cable. In this construction site, they used

compressive strength of concrete was 40 Mpa. If the strength of concrete reached to

31Mpa or 32Mpa, then they can tendon the strands.

In this project, there are 4 expertise engineers who 2 people are from Thailand.

After testing the strength of concrete and the strength of concrete was over 75%, then

they took Hydraulic jack tension strand machine to site. They took the plastic recess

former out from the slab. Then, they started to put anchor head wedges into anchor block.

This anchor head wedges started to caught the strands and kept the strands stable after

tendon. After that, they applied the pressure around 5400psi.

Figure 11.1: Tendon the Strand definition Figure 11.2: Anchor head wedges

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Normally, if strength of concrete equal to 75% of overall strength, they should

applied 5100 psi for tension. However, if strength of concrete equal to 80% of overall

strength, they should applied 5400 psi. After this amount of pressure was applied, they

measure the elongation of cable. Before they started applied tensile the strand, they

already calculated the minimum elongation and the maximum elongation. The elongation

of the strand depended on the length of strand. If the length of strands was long, then the

elongation was also long. After they applied pressure 5400 psi on the strands for this

morning, they should reached in between minimum 55mm to maximum 67mm. if they

did not reached to this elongation, they should apply pressure one more time to that

cable.

Figure 11.3: Hydraulic jack machine for post tension the strands

Figure 11.4: Taking out the recess former

Figure 11.5: Tendon the strand Figure 11.6: After tendon the strands

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After finished tendon the strand in the morning, at the afternoon we went to

Zone 3A on 8th floor. Since we were in this construction site, we never went up to the top

floor of this building. As today we went up to 8th floor. On this floor, the worker have

finished installation the reinforcement of slab and beam. Moreover, the schedule for

casting the concrete was on this afternoon. Today, the weather was not so good. Even

though, there were raining, but they have to finish casting the concrete by today. After we

arrived, we have discussed to site engineer who were working on this zone. He told that

the volume of concrete need to be casted for today was more than 400 m3. Therefore,

they have to take around 10 hours for casting.

Figure 11.7: Post tension strands along the slab in Zone 3A (8F)

Figure 11.8: Ready for casting in Zone 3A (8F)

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Day 12 Monday, July13, 2015

With ambition to learn more in the construction site, we arrive the construction

site at 8:00am. Starting a new week, we continued to visiting the ramp 5 down where we

have left since last Thursday. This construction ramp was took time because they have to

install reinforcement from line 3 to line 7. The whole day 12 concluded with preparation

ramp before casting and casting concrete.

Everyone was very busy for working on this ramp because they will cast

concrete in this afternoon. The process of working was almost done, but there are some

part of construction ramp left also. By arriving the construction site, we visited ramp and

checked the reinforcement where we left last week. For reinforcement’s team, they

worked with arranging reinforcement of slab at the bottom part of ramp. There are some

worker who working on the formwork of ramp as well. For the last part of ramp, they

need to construct RC wall. Therefore, it took long time for them to prepare the formwork

of wall along the ramp.

Figure 12.1: Installation the formwork of wall for Ramp 5 down

Figure 12.2: Installation the reinforcement of slab for last part of ramp

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Around 10:00am, we involved with surveyor’s team. They survey the elevation

top surface of slab on the ramp. This preparation will make worker easily raking in order

to spread concrete out while casting. Since the ramp has slope, therefore it was took long

time to survey the elevation of slab. After that, they started to clean the formwork of ramp

by using air pumping to remove the dust out. There were also some people who working

in this company came to checking the quality of work and processing of work.

Normally, the schedule of casting was at 1:00pm. However, since worker did not

finished their work on time, therefore we have to wait until 3:40pm. The concrete truck

was also late for casting. At 3:40pm, we started to cast the concrete. Before started casting

concrete, Site engineering allow us to do slump test. The slump of concrete was 11.8 cm.

normally, the company order the ready mix concrete which have slump 12mm. the

limitation of slump in this company was 12±2.5 cm.

Figure 12.3: Using the air pumping machine for cleaning the formwork

Figure 12.4: Do slump test Figure 12.5: Measure the slump

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The volume of concrete we need to casting around 160 m3. Each truck we need

around 8 min for pumping the concrete up to ramp. After they have finished casted 6

trucks, there was a bit problem on one side of beam. While casting, the support of beam

could not stand very well and made the beam bend. The solution was they stopped casting

on this side of beam but they still continued to casting other side. They took more

supports to support on the bending side of beam. After that, they could continue casting

until 10:00pm.

Figure 12.6: Prepare place for concrete pumping truck

Figure 12.7: Casting concrete on ramp 5 down

Figure 12.8: Using vibrator to vibrated concrete

Figure 12.9: Raking the Concrete

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Day 13 Tuesday, July 14, 2015

With the ambition to gain more experience in construction site, we arrived at the

same time as usual day. Yesterday, the ramp construction was finished casting. The whole

day 13 concluded with curing the concrete of ramp, the detail plan of Rod level in Zone 6

and the arrangement of reinforcement in Zone 3B.

After finished casting concrete of Ramp last night, we visited the Ramp. They were

curing concrete. Curing will keep the concrete under the right temperature and moisture

conditions during the first few day of hardening. If we cure concrete properly, the

concrete will eventually be much harder, and it can resist abrasion much better. They

keep a slab wet with a continuous water spray and the burlap sack for curing. This burlap

sack will cover with water and keep it on slab of ramp. There were some problem also

occurred after casing ramp. Some part of ramp became flatly and other part became bend

then our expectation.

After we finished visiting ramp, we went the rod level which located behind the

ramp. For rod level, they almost finished arranging the reinforcement of beam and slab.

We arrived there and started to check reinforcement according to plan detail. There are

some misunderstandings for us while they finished arranging bottom layer

reinforcement of slab. On one part of slab, they arranged differently from reinforcement’s

plan. Some part of structure, they arrangement reinforcement of slab according to plan.

However, some part of structure they arrange differently from plan. After that, we also

checking reinforcement of beam as well.

Figure 13.1: Curing the concrete of ramp

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At the afternoon, we visited zone 3B on third floor. They were arranging

reinforcement of slab and beam. They tried to finish the arranging of reinforcement as

soon as possible in order to be casting this evening. There were not much work for us to

do besides checking reinforcement and learning the process of working. We also have

asked to site engineer in this zone as well for the way to arranged reinforcement of slab

and the direction of reinforcement. In this zone, we have leant a new thing how to install

the plastic pipe before casting concrete. The plastic pipe was installed for connection

water pipe as well as the bathroom pipe.

Figure 13.2: Installation reinforcement of Slab (Rod level)

Figure 13.3: Formwork of rod level

Figure 13.4: Finished arranging reinforcement of slab in Zone 3B (3F)

Figure 13.5: Installation pipe systems

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Today, it is almost half month for our internship program. Sometimes, we have to

check reinforcement of structures, but sometime there are not much work for us to do

unless we visited the whole construction site. The whole day 14 summarize the process

of working in Zone 6.

We visited the Rod level in Zone 6 where we left from yesterday. The worker were

installing the top layer reinforcement of slab. While doing so, there were post tension

cable’ team who started their works after reinforcement’s team. The relation of working

between reinforcement’s team and post tension’s team was the reinforcement’s team

should finished the bottom layer reinforcement of slab and then the post tension’s should

install the duct for post tension. However, this process depended on the post tension’s

team. If they were busy with their work in other zone, they will install the duct along the

slab after the reinforcement’s team have finished the top layer of reinforcement slab. In

this morning, the reinforcement’s team had some obstacles while installing

reinforcement. There were three beams join each other and combine into one beam.

Therefore, they had to take long time for combining those reinforcements and mad into

one beam.

Figure 14.1: Install the post tension strands (Rod Level)

Figure 14.2: Three beams joint each other

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There are another problem occurring in this Zone as well. They continue arranging

reinforcement of top layer of slab in wrong direction. I have asked to site manager and he

replied us that the arrangement of reinforcement slab was wrong direction. He continued

to response with us that they arranged reinforcement without looked at wire mesh’s plan

and he said it was wrong only the area of reinforcement in different direction, but the

working of reinforcement was the same. In this rod level, they used wire mash for

arranging reinforcement of slab. Therefore, I think that it was easy to follow the wire

mesh‘s plan and easily arrange the wire mesh. My point of view on this rod level was that

site engineer in this zone did not always visit rod level. Sometimes, they could arrange

the reinforcement according to what their thought. Moreover, I think that the direction

of reinforcement slab was really important. What if the worker was arranging all wire

mesh in wrong direction? Will they allow to cast the concrete? Who will responsible for

structure after casting?

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With ambitious to learn more from construction site, the time arriving were the

same as usual. Since we were in this construction site more than 2 weeks, therefore there

were not new thing for us to learn besides gain more experience on the same thing. The

whole day 15 concluded the tendon strand and using Sika latex to improve connection of

concrete

Last time, I already involved with tendon cable’s team. However, it was not clearly

understand because there were a little cable to tendon and I were not able to ask the

expertise engineer. Starting in the morning with objective to gain more experience on

tendon strands, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am. With some guideline from

tendon’s engineer, I went to 8th floor on Zone3A. The beam and slab was casted since last

Friday. It was almost 5 days after casting concrete. After they have finished do

compressive strength of concrete, the result show that the worker could tendon the

strands. Therefore, tendon engineer order his teammate to this Zone for working on

tendon the strands. In each beam, there were 50 strands and they have to take whole

morning to tendon one beam. However, since the worker had more experience for

tendon, they took around 2 hours for one beam. After they put the starting button, they

have at least 2min to get 5400 psi. After that, when the watch showed 5400psi, they have

to release the hydraulic jack and started tendon a new strand. In the machine, they could

not tensile the strand more than 5400 psi because the machine already fixed with this

amount of stress.

Figure 15.1: Tendon the Strands Figure 15.2: Tensile 5400 psi

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There were dangerous part as well while tensile the strands. Sometimes while

tendon the strand, it could cut off one piece of strand. If the worker was not enough

experience on cutting off one piece of cable and they continued to tensile more, they could

be in danger. The hydraulic jack could caught strongly the strands. Therefore, the

hydraulic jack will through away and could make someone dangerous when they stand

in front of cable. Therefore, there were cautious while tensile the cable.

At the afternoon, I have visited the construction ramp which already casted. On

ramp, they worked on installation the wall while standing on the ramp. Before they casted

the wall, they arrange the reinforcement for making wall. In this afternoon, I have learnt

the new thing for casting wall. They used Sika latex putting on the finished casting

concrete for ramp. This Sika latex is a high quality emulsion that substantially improve

the qualities of cement mortar in applications such as thin layer patching mortars, floors

screeds, concrete repair mortars and masonry mortars. Moreover, Sika latex is simple

added to the mixing water to provide the extremely food adhesion, reduce shrinkage,

greater flexibility, excellent water resistance, and ready for use. After they have used Sika

latex, they could casted the new concrete for making wall on ramp. During that time, they

used crane to carry the concrete from ready-mix concrete truck to ramp.

Figure 15.3: Sika Latex Figure15.4: Putting Sika Latex on old Concrete

Figure15.5: Using Crane for casting concrete

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With motivation to gain more knowledge, I arrived the construction site at

8:00am. Transfer Beam is one of most popular and critical part in this construction site.

The whole Day 16 summarize with the arrangement stirrup for Transfer Beam.

In this construction, there will be a lot of transfer beams will be constructed. However,

this transfer beam was the first huge beam for this construction project. Therefore, it was

the interesting part for most of site engineers and other internship students visiting.

Today, it was 3rd day for arranging stirrup of transfer beam. There were 10 workers who

working on this beam.

I will discuss the function of transfer beam and how transfer beam differ from

standard beam. A transfer beam carries the load of an especially heavy load, especially

column. It used to transfer the load of column above two separate columns below.

However, it was differ from standard beam. Standard beam was element of structure that

carry load from slab and transmit load to column. We often see transfer beam in tall

building. For example, they constructed the parking lot of ramp in lower level and

residential or office on the upper level. A transfer beam with long span like this will tend

to deflect or even worse fails. Analysis has to be conducted to study the behavior of this

beam in order to avoid failure and minimize deflection over tolerable limit.

Figure 16.1: Example of transfer beam in this construction site

Figure 16.2: Finished install the outside stirrup of transfer beam (Side View)

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As well as in the morning, I have meet to project manager. He explained me for the

process of working on transfer beam and the purpose for this construction transfer beam.

This transfer beam will support a new column in the middle of beam. It stands on two

column below which one of column will be released according to reinforcement plan. He

said that the owner maybe wanted to construct only supermarket for the first time. After

that, he has changed his mind to construct hotel behind the supermarket. Therefore, the

designer started to design this transfer beam and create another new column for

supporting the structure. The designer already consider how the structure works and the

supporting of transfer beam could support the new column. Since there will be hotel

behind the supermarket, therefore there will a lot of transfer beam construction.

Figure 16.3: Finished install the outside stirrup of transfer beam (Other Side View)

Figure 16.4: Reinforcement of column inside the transfer beam

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Day 17 Saturday, July 18, 2015

Construction site is the process of creating and building infrastructure or a facility.

The process of working in construction site is improving every day. As internship

students, we learn the way to construct building and the process of working. As usual

day, we arrived the construction site at 8:00am. The whole day 17 concluded the process

of working on transfer beam where we left since yesterday and the casting concrete at

Rod Level.

Since transfer beam was a critical part of construction site, we want to learn the

process of construction transfer beam where we left from yesterday. There were one sub-

contractor team who responsible for arranging the reinforcements. In this team, there

were 10 workers who working on installation the inside stirrup of the beam. While doing

so, there were a problem occurring for workers. They were difficult to install the stirrup

of beam inside the column because the spacing of column was very crowded. I want to

mention that the stirrup of transfer was installed into two part. They have to install from

bottom part and the top part of transfer beam. These two stirrup will lap each other and

create one big stirrup. Today was day 4th for installing reinforcement of transfer beam.

However, there were a renew reinforcement’s plan. Therefore, they need to change some

part of reinforcement that they have already finished installation.

Figure 17.1: The spacing between inside and outside stirrup

Figure 17.2: The bottom stirrup inside the transfer beam

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In the afternoon, Rod Level was ready to casted. They have finished the arranging

reinforcements. At 2:00 pm, the concrete pumping truck has arrived and prepared for

casting. Starting from 1:00 pm, they cleaned the waste on the formwork and checking the

support of formwork. At 3:30pm, the first truck has arrived and they started to cast

concrete. After they have confirmed for casting, the site engineer ordered to casting

concrete inside the beam first. The technic for casting was that they casted only half

height of beam. Therefore, the worker was easy to using the vibrator to fully vibrate along

beam. When they started to cast only half of height of beam, the supporter of formwork

could strand very well to support weight of beam. However, if they tried to finish casting

only one time, they will face some problems such as the breaking support, and difficult to

use vibrator. The command problem while casting beam was the slump of concrete was

too small. Normally, the company allowed the concrete mixer company to produce

concrete which have compressive strength 40Mpa and slump was 12mm. However, the

slump of concrete for casting today was below the expectation. Therefore, it was difficult

to cast the concrete to go inside the beam. Moreover, the worker was difficult to use

vibrator. Therefore, the site engineer told to concrete mixer to add more water to moist

in order to slump was a bit high and easily for casting.

Figure 17.3: Starting for casting the concrete

Figure 17.4: Casting concrete along beam

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Even through from one day to other day there were not something new that we

could learn, but we tried to gain more experience from site. We are the university

students who only learn the theory but never have practical experience at construction

site. Therefore, those new experiences could help us to learn reinforce concrete course

next year very well. Furthermore, we could apply those experiences when we become a

real site engineer. Starting with the new week, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am.

The whole day 18 concluded the changing place of longitudinal reinforcement along

transfer beam and the arranging duct along transfer beam.

After I arrived to construction site, the first structure I would like to visit was the

transfer beam. Transfer beam is one of the most critical structure, and I never have

experience for arranging reinforcement huge structure like transfer beam. Since

yesterday night, the worker has already arranged the longitudinal reinforcement.

However, they arranged reinforcement in wrong place through the column. Therefore,

our site manager came to transfer beam and explained the changing place of longitudinal

reinforcement. This changing of longitudinal reinforcement was very difficult for worker

because the spacing of longitudinal reinforcement of column was very crowded.

Therefore, they need to spend fully morning to change place of reinforcement. Before our

supervisor left, he wanted we should took a note and discussed to site engineer when

there were a problem.

Figure 18.1: The wrong longitudinal

reinforcement at bottom layer transfer beam Figure 18.2: The changing longitudinal reinforcement

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At the afternoon, the post tension’s team have arrived. They started their work

with installing the anchorage block of cable. Because of spacing reinforcement inside the

transfer was crowd, therefore they have to take some time for installation the anchorage

block. In this transfer beam, there were 12 anchorage block and each anchorage block

sustain 31 strands. It was the first time for post tension engineer to install 31 strands

inside the ducts. The process of working between the post tension’s team and

reinforcement’s team have their own relationship. Sometime, reinforcement’s team have

to wait post tension’s team to finish their work first and then they could install the

reinforcement. While at same time, reinforcement’s team were working on arranging top

stirrup. When they installed the top stirrup, it was difficult for post tension’s team to

install the duct inside transfer beam. The process of working for reinforcement team

seem to be a bit slow run out of time because of revising reinforcement’s plan.

Figure 18.3: Spring installed inside the anchorage block

Figure 18.4: Installation the anchorage block

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With ambition to gain more experience in construction site, I arrived at 8:00pm.

From starting internship program until new, we have learnt many new things that we

never have experience before. As the internship students, we have found positive point

and negative point during the constructing each structure. Starting with new day, the

whole day 19 concluded the same as Day 18, but I have learnt another new technic for

casting column on the second floor in Zone 7.

In the morning, I arrived to transfer beam where everyone have visited. The

process of working was the same as yesterday. The worker still worked on installation of

top longitudinal reinforcement of transfer beam. There are some obstacles while

installation reinforcement. They took whole morning for installing only half part of top

reinforcement. After new plan have revised, there were two purpose of install transfer

beam. The main idea was to create a new column and release one column which stand at

the end of transfer beam. Other idea was that on the top surface of beam they had to

creating slope. The different of slope on the top surface was 20cm. They create this slope

only haft part of beam and other part was equal side. The ramp will through into the top

layer of transfer beam when they constructed on the third floor. For other part of beam,

they will connect with reinforcement of slab. Therefore, there were different

reinforcement using for slope side and equal side.

Figure 19.1: The difference between the slope side and equal side

Figure 19.2: Installation the longitudinal reinforcement for the top layer of transfer beam

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In the afternoon, I have learnt a new technic for casting column. Today, there were

two zones which ready to casting the column. However, the columns had different

dimension in those zones. On second floor of Zone 3B, most of columns had dimension

80cm by 80cm. However, most of columns had dimension 1.2m by 1.8m on second floor

of Zone 7. I have visited to Zone 7 where there were a lot of big columns. There were only

5 columns for casting today. At 4:00pm, they was ready for casting column and the

concrete pumping truck have arrived. In each column, they need to spend at least one

hour for casting. When casting around 0.5m from bottom surface of column, they have to

use vibrator to vibrate around the column. They need to be careful while using vibrator.

Sometimes, it could make the spannschraube breaking. The function of spannschraube

kept the formwork of column stay strong after casting. It is really important for site

engineer to control the formwork of column as well. Sometimes, it will break the

formwork while casting. Lastly, the worker need to be careful with level of top surface of

column. The surveyor already survey the top surface of column. Therefore, while casting

concrete, they could cast until the limit level or 5mm below the limit level. When they cast

above the limit level, it was difficult for them install reinforcement of slab.

Figure 19.3: Spannschraube for installing the formwork

Figure 19.4: Casting the concrete of column in Zone 7(2F)

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As the internship student, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am. Even though,

there were not many new thing to learn, we tried very hard to learn the same thing in

order to gain more experiences in site. The whole day 20 concluded tendon in Zone 3A

and continue process of working in transfer beam.

After getting the advice from Post Tension Engineer yesterday, this morning I

came with post tension group to second floor at Zone 3A. This floor was casted almost

one week ago. Today, it was third time for me to learn how they worked with tendon the

strands. Since there were the same thing as I have learnt before, but today I have learn

another new technique for how using hydraulic jack machine. Furthermore, I have

involved with note the data of elongation for tensile strands. There was one Thailand

engineer who always denoted the data. After Post tension group finished tensile the

strand, he need to measure the elongation of strand. When the elongation of strand was

not enough according to limiting of company, he order his teammate to tensile the strand

again. Lastly, I have learn to tensile the strand. When tensile the strand, they need to

tensile according to order of company. If there were 5 strands in one duct, they need to

tensile the side strand first and then the one after the side stand and so on.

Figure 20.1: Description of length and elongation of strands

Figure 20.2: Order for tendon the strands

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In the afternoon, I went to visiting the transfer beam. Since I were an internship

students in this construction site, transfer beam was the one structure I would like to

learn the process of working since the starting of installation of formwork until the end

of casting. As part of today, the installing reinforcement of top layer for transfer beam

was almost finished, but there were left some part where they need to finish for

tomorrow. Since the post tension’s team and reinforcement’s team need to work

together, therefore reinforcement’s team need to wait post tension’s team to finished

their work first. For post tension’s team, they tried to finish their works for putting the

stand into the duct, but they would not able to finish by this evening. Even though the

ducts have diameter 120mm, there would not be easy for them to put the strand inside

the duct. Because of the ducts have different elevation in transfer beam, therefore the

strands had to be flexible for putting inside the duct. Moreover, they have to put one piece

of stands per one time. When they finished putting the strands inside the duct, they have

wired the dead-end part of strand. They have some techniques for installation the dead-

end part.

Figure 20.3: The diameter of duct was 120mm Figure 20.4: Installation of dead-end part of strand inside the beam

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Transfer beam was the critical structure that I never have experience before. I

have learnt the process of working for transfer beam since beginning of construction.

With motivation to learning about transfer beam, I arrived as usual day at 8:00am. As part

of day, transfer beam has been finished installation reinforcement. The whole day 21

summarized with installation the side of formwork and concreted cover of transfer beam.

In the morning, I arrived to transfer beam and reviewed the plan of transfer beam.

There were only 5 workers who working on this transfer beam, and other worker has

been reduced to working on the ramp structure. While arriving the beam, the worker

were working on tie the concrete block for making the concrete cover of transfer beam.

Since this beam has large dimension, therefore they have to tie a lot of concrete blocks.

The concrete cover will keep the spacing between reinforcement of beam and the

formwork. The spacing of concrete cover was 30mm. As part of today, the post tension’s

team have finished their work with installation the strands inside duct. Moreover, there

were some workers who belong to post tension’s team still working on checking the

elevation of ducts and checking the anchorage block.

Figure 21.1: Installation the concrete block Figure 21.2: The anchorage block after installation

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In the afternoon, the reinforcement works was almost done. Therefore, they

continued to install the formwork of beam. They started to install only the half side of

beam. While installation the formwork, they need to keep the formwork of transfer beam

staying in vertical direction. On one side of formwork, there were 4 pieces of formwork.

Therefore, they need to install one piece by one piece. Since the formwork was heavy,

therefore they need a crane to carry the formwork to transfer beam. They have to spend

their time for wielding the piece of formwork as well. After that, they have to check the

vertical direction of formwork.

Figure 21.3: Crane transfer the formwork to transfer beam

Figure 21.4: Installation the formwork of transfer beam

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Since yesterday, the worker have worked on the installation the side formwork of

transfer beam. As part of today, I continued to visit the transfer beam to learn about the

process of working after the installation reinforcement have been finished. The whole

day 22 concluded with installation of side formwork of transfer beam and continued

installation reinforcement bars at ramp 5.

One side of transfer beam was finished installation the side formwork. As part of

today, the worker continued working on installation of other side formwork. They had to

use the crane to carry the formwork from one place to transfer beam. The crane had to

carry the formwork to become vertical direction. Because of the side of formwork was so

heavy, therefore the crane was very helpful for carrying the formwork. While the crane

carrying the formwork to transfer beam, the workers prepared the welding machine in

order to weld the formwork become vertical. They continued to install other piece of

formwork until the end of one side transfer beam.

Figure 22.1: Install the in front of side of formwork

Figure 22.2: Welding the side of formwork

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After each side of transfer beam have been finished installation the formwork,

they continued welding the steel pipe and made the raking shores for the formwork. The

raking shores is the inclined member known as rakers are used to support temporarily

an unsafe structure. They had to make a lot raking shores of formwork in order to keep

the formwork vertically. More importantly, these raking shore of formwork will support

the formwork stay in vertically when the casting of concrete. The raking shore of

formwork for transfer beam, they have three layer of shore in one places. Therefore, the

worker had to spend a lot of time for welding the raking shore.

Since, the process of working at transfer beam was the same for the afternoon. I

went to visit the ramp 5 up construction. This ramp have stopped constructing since I

have started internship program here. One sub-contractor were divided into two. First

team, the worker were working on wilding the raking shore for the formwork of transfer

beam. Meanwhile, the transfer beam was delayed the schedule for casting to next week,

therefore there were not many workers working on transfer beam. Other team, they were

working on installation reinforcement of beam for ramp construction. There were also

some worker who working on installation formwork of ramp.

Figure 22.3: Installing three layer of raking shores

Figure 22.4: After finish installation raking shores

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As the internship student, I arrived at construction site at 8:00am with motivation

to gain more experience. The whole day 23 summarized the process of working

installation foundation of crane and casting concrete of transfer beam.

By starting a new week, I went to the transfer beam where I have left since

Saturday. The worker have already finished installation of reinforcement of column

which this column had to create on the transfer beam. As I have already mentioned, this

column has dimension 1.2m wide by 1.8m long. For arranging longitudinal reinforcement

of column, they meet some obstacles which the spacing of transfer beam was too crowd.

Therefore, they took a lot of time spending for longitudinal reinforcement. Moreover,

they have already install the formwork with a lot of braces. These braces helped the

structure stay in vertical direction while casting.

Figure 23.1: Formwork definition Figure 23.2: Installation the wire ties in transfer beam

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In the morning, our supervisor have arrived to transfer beam. He checked the

reinforcement of new column and the axis of column as well. He found that there were

some problem which the installation of longitudinal reinforcement of column had space

as same as in reinforcement’s plan. Moreover, he was thinking how to keep the

longitudinal reinforcement in vertical direction. He want the worker to welding steel tube

with reinforcement of column. After that, he talked to site engineer about the formwork

of transfer beam. They need to be careful about formwork. The worker should install a

lot of wire ties in order to keep the formwork to be strong.

At 10: 00pm, there were a driven pile constructing for foundation of crane. Since

there were a lot of structures in zone 6, they have to change place for crane in order to

easily transfer the equipment from one place to other. There were 9 plies need to be

installed to make foundation of crane. Each location of pile was already surveyed by

surveyor’s team.

Figure 23.3: Longitudinal reinforcement of new column

Figure 23.4: Welding the steel tube with reinforcement of column

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In the afternoon, the formwork of transfer beam was finished and ready for

casting. After Site Engineer confirmed the schedule for casting, they started to cast the

concrete at 4:00 pm. The overall volume concrete for casting was 96m3. However, today

they casted only 45m3 which has high 1.3m from the bottom of transfer beam.

Tomorrow, they will continue casted more concrete for second time. Before casting, Site

Engineer ordered to worker to release all the supports below the transfer beam and kept

using truss for supporting the weight of transfer beam. The reason of releasing the

supports was that he wanted the load of transfer beam transfer from the truss directly to

column supporting.

Figure 23.5: Carrying the driven pipe Figure 23.6: Installing the driven pipe

Figure 23.7: Release the support below the truss

Figure 23.8: First Casting for transfer beam

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As usual day, I arrived to construction site at 8:00am. There were not much new

work that I could learn and gain experience beside learn the same thing. The whole day

25 concluded with the process of working for ramp construction and continued casting

of transfer beam for second time.

In the morning, I arrived to ramp construction. This ramp was stopped

construction since we have started our works as internship’s student. While I arriving,

the worker were working on longitudinal reinforcement of beam. Normally, beam of

ramp had dimension 1.5m wide by 0.6m height. Therefore, there were a lot of

reinforcement beam that they have to install. There were some workers who worked on

installation of formwork of ramp. This construction did not have many obstacles

occurring. The process of working on the construction ramp seem to be a bit slow because

there were only 8 worker working on this ramp. Moreover, the schedule of this ramp did

not hurry up to casting like other structures.

Figure 24.1: Installation the formwork of Ramp 5

Figure 24.2: Finished installation the reinforcement of beam (line 2-3)

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In the afternoon, the transfer was prepare for second time casting. This time they

have to casting 34m3 more. However, this amount of casting was not full the whole

transfer beam. This transfer beam was prepare to casted 3rd times. The third time of

casting will be hold with beam construction and slab on third floor in Zone 5A. Before

casting, they used sika latex to improve the quality of concrete and help for connection of

new casting with old concrete. While casting, there were survey’s team who working on

survey the deflection of support of transfer beam. After they survey, the result show that

the deflection was 2mm.

Figure 24.3: Casting concrete for second times (transfer beam)

Figure 24.4: After finished casting the second times (transfer beam)

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Today, it was nearly end of our internship program. We tried to gain new

experiences and techniques from construction site. As usual day, I arrived at construction

site at 8:00 am. The whole day 25 concluded with the arranging reinforcement rebar for

construction ramp 5 and the formwork of ramp.

In the morning, I arrived to construction site with visiting ramp. Before coming

directly to ramp, I have visited transfer beam. After finished 2nd time casting at transfer

beam, now the worker were working on the curing of transfer beam. After that, I

continued visiting ramp 5 with motivation to learn the process of working and gain more

experience. The worker were working on the arranging reinforcement of beam.

according to reinforcement ‘s plan, they had to use reinforcement with Φ 25 and spacing

155mm for installation in each layer of reinforcement beam. As the internship student,

what we could do in construction was checking reinforcement rebar according to

reinforcement’s plan. After checking, I could see that the installation reinforcement of

beam was correct. The lapping of reinforcement was really important that we should

check and learn how to lapping reinforcement. Moreover, as part of today I could learn

how to arranging reinforcement rebar while meeting obstacles.

Figure 25.1: 10 reinforcements in each layer of beam

Figure 25.2: the lapping between settle bar and reinforcement beam

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In the afternoon, the worker continued their works with the installation bottom

layer reinforcement of slab at ramp. They used Φ12 for arranging reinforcement of slab

at ramp with spacing 100mm. the installation reinforcement of bottom layer slab did not

meet obstacle. They followed according to reinforcement’s plan and then installation the

reinforcement slab. Therefore, installation the bottom reinforcement of slab did not take

much time.

Figure 25.3: The finishing bottom reinforcement of slab

Figure25.4: The lapping of bottom layer reinforcement of slab with reinforcement of beam

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Since we were working here as internship student, most of construction ramp we

have visited. Construction Ramp was the critical structure if we compare to other

structure like slab, column, and beam. There were slope of ramp that make the elevation

ramp differently. Therefore, the worker have to follow the elevation of ramp for

constructing the shoring. As part of today, I have visited to ramp 5 with some new

learning how to exchange spacing of reinforcement when there were not enough the

needs of reinforcement. The whole day 26 concluded with the process of working at ramp

5 construction.

In the morning, I arrived to construction site at 8:00am with motivation to learn

new thing. After I have arrived to site, I visited to construction ramp. The worker were

working on arranging reinforcement rebar for the top layer of slab’s ramp. There were

some workers who worked on installation the formwork of beam along the ramp. The

installation of formwork beam needed to be careful because the ramp has slope.

Therefore, they had to follow the line of slope from the top ramp to bottom ramp.

Figure 26.1: Installation the top layer reinforcement of slab with Φ10@65

Figure 26.2: After finishing installation the top layer of reinforcement slab (line 2-3)

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Today, I have learnt a new thing how to exchange reinforcement from the

construction ramp. Normally, they had to use Φ12 and spacing 100mm for arranging

reinforcement of slab. However, they converted to used Φ 10 and spacing 65mm because

they do not have enough reinforcement Φ 12 in stock. My point of view from this

exchange reinforcement was it took a lot of time to install Φ10 for reinforcement slab.

We almost spent 2 times compare to arranging reinforcement Φ 12. However, it was good

when we do not have Φ 12 for arranging reinforcement. If we had to wait until the

arriving Φ 12 in the stock, therefore it also took a lot of time to waiting. Lastly, I concerned

about the spacing of reinforcement. When we used Φ 10 with spacing 65 mm, therefore

it was difficult to use vibrator while casting. Sometime, there will be honeycomb in

reinforcement of slab.

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As usual day, I went to visited ramp construction where I have learnt the process

of working in this construction since the beginning. As part of today, the whole day 27

concluded with installation concrete cover for ramp and the surveying top surface of slab.

At the afternoon, I arrived to construction ramp where I have already visited since the

beginning of structure. In this morning, there were three teams who working on this

ramp. First team was reinforcement team who finished installing reinforcement the top

layer of slab. In this afternoon, they were working on putting concrete block at the bottom

layer of slab. The function of these concrete blocks was for concrete cover. They had to

install a lot of concretes cover in order to keep distance from reinforcement bars to

bottom surface of slab.

In this section, I would like to describe the advantages and function of concrete

cover. The minimum thickness of reinforcement cover shall be obtained from the relevant

code of practice. Moreover, the thickness of cover depends on environmental conditions

and types of structural member. The three main functions of concrete cover was to

protect the rebar from environmental effects to prevent their corrosion, to provide

thermal insulation and protects the reinforcement bars from fire, to give reinforcing bars

sufficient embedding to enable them to be stressed without slipping.

Figure 27.1: Installation the concrete block

Figure 27.2: After finished install the duct inside the slab

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I have already mentioned that the relationship of post tension’s team and

reinforcement’s team while working on the same structure. Sometimes the post tension’s

team have started their work after the reinforcement’s team have finished installation

the bottom layer of reinforcement slab. However, since the post tension’s team were busy

with other structure, therefore the post tension’s team have started their work after the

reinforcement’s team have finished the top layer of reinforcement slab. The second team

were working on the installation post tension strands. They have started their work since

yesterday, but there were only 5 stands left for installation Because of tomorrow morning

they have to cast concrete, therefore everyone must to finish their work by this afternoon.

While everyone were busy working on this ramp, third team were working on surveying

the top layer of slab ramp (Figure). The surveyor need to be careful on the elevation of

ramp for casting concrete. If their works were wrong with the elevation of ramp,

therefore the ramp will bend or curve after casting concrete.

As most of work have been finished on this ramp, then I continued visiting the

installation of reinforcement for foundation of crane near the construction ramp as well.

This foundation of crane was located in zone 6. The detail of foundation was installed 9

driven piles. After I arrived, the bottom reinforcement of foundation was finished

installation. Therefore, they were working on the welding the truss of crane. This truss of

crane will be casted with foundation.

Figure 27.3: Install the top layer reinforcement of foundation

Figure 27.4: The truss of crane inside the foundation

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Day 28 Saturday, August 01, 2015

Starting a new month with motivation to learn the process of construction site, I

arrived to construction site at 8:00am. From day to day, the process of working at

construction was going well. Sometime, the schedule of casting was delayed before the

installation of reinforcement was not finished on time. As part of today, the whole day 28

summarized with preparation before casting and during casting at ramp 5.

As schedule for casting, they have to cast the concrete at 10:00 am. During this

week, the weather was not so good and there were a lot of raining since afternoon.

Therefore, they have to casted the concrete a bit early compare to previous casting. The

installation of reinforcement bars was already finished since yesterday. Therefore, the

worker were working on cleaning the formwork of ramp by use air pumping machine.

Before laying concrete, the formwork should be cleaned of all rubbish particularly the

sawdust saving and chipping. While they finished cleaning the formwork, they continued

to working on installation the steel profile V on the top surface of ramp. These steels have

function for making the top surface of ramp smooth after casting concrete. Moreover,

they was easy to floating the top surface of ramp.

Figure 28.1: Prepare for casting (Ramp5)

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At 10:30 am, the concrete pump truck have arrived to construction site. They

prepared the place for concrete pump truck. After everything have been done, they

started to cast the concrete. During the casting, they used two vibrators to vibrate to

concrete. It was a bit difficult for casting because the spacing of reinforcement slab was

crowd. After finished casting, they have to wait until the concrete was a little bit dry. Then

they used the Power Trowel for making the top surface of slab become smooth.

Figure 28.2: Floating the top surface of slab using steel tube

Figure 28.3: A power trowel is used to create a very smooth Surface on the concrete

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Day 29 Monday, August, 2015

After the ramp construction has been finished casting since last Saturday, there

were not much work to do. As part of today, I went to Zone 5A on third floor. The whole

day 29 concluded with installing reinforcement of beam and formwork in Zone 5A.

I arrived to construction site at 8:00am with incentive to gain more knowledge. At

Zone 5A on 3rd floor, the worker were working on installation reinforcement of beam.

Most of reinforcement was finished to install. This zone was took a bit long to install

reinforcement because they have to wait for finish casting the transfer beam. Moreover,

the worker were working on installation the formwork of slab. This formwork of slab and

beam will connect to transfer beam that already casted. Therefore, they have to be careful

to install the formwork.

Figure 29.1: Reinforcement of slab connected with reinforcement of transfer beam (Zone 5A)

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While installation the formwork, there were other team who working on

installation reinforcement of beam. They met some obstacle while install reinforcement.

The longitudinal reinforcement of beam have to install inside the column. Therefore, the

spacing of reinforcement of column was not enough to allow the longitudinal

reinforcement of beam to go inside.

Figure 29.2: Installation formwork of beam (Zone 5A)

Figure 29.3: Finished installation some part reinforcements of slab (Zone 5A)

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Day 30 Tuesday, August 04, 2015

Today, it was my last day for official internship in this construction site. I hope that what

I could learn from the beginning will apply those knowledge to construction site. The

whole day 30 concluded with installing reinforcement of column at Zone 6.

Even though today it was my last day for official internship, I still arrived to site with

motivation to learn new technique. After I arrived, the worker were working on

installation reinforcement of column. There were 6 columns that they have to install

reinforcement bars. These six columns had to hurry up to install because these columns

had to supports transfer beams. Therefore, the worker have to finished install

reinforcement as soon as possible.

Figure 30.1: The column have to support transfer beam

Figure 30.2: Reinforcement of column after finished installation

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Although, they had to finish installation the longitudinal reinforcement as possible, but

they also face some obstacles. Some columns has been finished casting for the first floor,

therefore they have to carry the reinforcement up to 2nd floor by hand. Moreover, there

were too much reinforcement in one column. Because those column will support the

transfer beam, therefore there will be reinforcement of support transfer beam inside the

column. These six column will not be casted at the same day. Three column will be casted

first and other three will be casted in the other day. Each three column will support one

transfer beam.

Figure 30.3: Reinforcement of support transfer beam inside the column

Figure 30.4: Installation the formwork of column

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Conclusion

In conclusion, with one month of internship program, we have learnt a lot from

construction site. I have more new knowledge, skills and met a lot of people.

With three year of theoretical knowledge, we have applied those knowledge

during the internship. I experienced working as quality controller who checked every

work of concrete work. The quality of work is really important in construction site,

however I have learnt how to solve the obstacles while working at construction site.

Moreover, I have learnt about how to manage the construction site and how to deal with

workers. In addition, I have experience on how to use Sika Latex for improving the quality

of concrete and the using of Sika grout for improving the honeycomb. Besides practicing

with theories from university, I learnt more skills such as teamwork skill and

communication skill. In order the works have to finish on time, the teamwork is really

important. In construction site, I have worked with site engineer, surveyor, quality

controller, and others. With those works, I have made a good relationship that could help

easily to learn the process of works from them.

To sum up, I got new experience from doing internship. It helps me not only easily

to learn the related course in next year but also easily practicing for future professional

career. I will apply those knowledge that I got from internship program to future career.

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References

About CK&A. (n.d.). CK&A company: CK&A, Retrieved June 25, 2014, from

http://ckna.com.sg/index.html

Mary Bordner Tanck (Apr, 2014). Pour Strips and Constructability: structuremag,

Retrieved June 30, 2012, from

http://www.structuremag.org/?p=1869

ASTM A1064 (n.d). Standard Specification for Welded Wire Reinforcement: astm.org,

Retrieved July 03, 2015, from

http://www.astm.org/Standards/A1064.htm

Tree Island steel (n.d). Welded wire mesh (WWS): Tree Island steel, Retrieved July 03,

2015, from

http://www.treeisland.com/construction/concrete-

reinforcement/reinforcing-mesh

Welded wire mesh (WWS): Wiki, Retrieved July 03, 2015, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welded_wire_mesh

PCA (n.d). Curing: cement.org, Retrieved July 08, 2015, from

http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/working-with-

concrete/curing

Slide Share (n.d). Design of reinforced concrete slab: Slide Share.net, Retrieved July 15,

2015, from

http://www.slideshare.net/MatNik1/reinforced-slab

The constructor civil engineering home (n.d). Reinforcement detailing of RCC slabs:

theconstructor.org, Retrieved July 15, 2015, from

http://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/reinforcement-detailing-of-

rcc-slabs/8269/

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