Internet Technologies Mr. Grimming. Internet Applications E-Mail File Transfer World Wide Web E-commerce Searches Voice over Internet Protocol Video over.

Internet Technologies

Mr. Grimming

Internet Applications• E-Mail• File Transfer• World Wide Web• E-commerce• Searches• Voice over Internet Protocol• Video over Internet Protocol

How the Internet Works• Internet Addresses• Use format consisting of host name and domain• Top-Level Domain:

• Identifies specific type of organization• Examples: .com .mil .net .gov .edu

• Host Name• Host is a computer on the network that provides services• Often named after company or organization

How the Internet Works• Email Address• Consist of a user name and the host separated by @

• WWW Addresses• Location on the Web uses a specific address called

uniform resource location (URL)• Consist of

• Protocol Type; Example – http• www to designated world wide web• Internet Address consisting of host name and domain• Forward Slash indicates subfolders at web location

How the Internet Works• Email Address• Consist of a user name and the host separated by @

• WWW Addresses• Location on the Web uses a specific address called

uniform resource location (URL)• Consist of

• Protocol Type; Example – http• www to designated world wide web• Internet Address consisting of host name and domain• Forward Slash indicates subfolders at web location

How the Internet Works• Initial Connection• Connected using a modem or LAN• Telephone system provides connections using a dialup

modem of digital subscriber line (DSL)• Cable system provides connections using a cable TV

modem

• Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Simply a server that connects the Initial Connection to

the World Wide Web

OSI Levels

Internet Transmission Systems(Layer 1)

• Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)• Data is sent in sync with

a master timing system• Speeds range from

51.48 Mbps to 39.812 Gbps• Frames are fixed at 810

bytes• Provides the Internet

backbone


• Frame Relay – standardized packet switching protocol

• A specific Flag is used to identify beginning and end of the frame. 01111110 (7E)


• Frame Relay – • Is protocol independent and can carry the data from any

other transmission method such as Ethernet• Allows for data to be moved across multiple LANs• Most telecommunication services provide this function• Software controlled


• Asynchronous Transfer Mode• A packet switching protocol using 53 byte packets


• Asynchronous Transfer Mode -• Used within single LAN• Designed to be hardware friendly• Hardware controlled

OSI Levels

TCP/IP• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol• Capable of performing all 7 layers of the OSI

methodology• TCP and IP are two separate functions• TCP

• Host to Host interface• Divides data into packets and reassemble packets

• IP• Ensures packets get to their desistination

• IPv4 255.255.255.255

TCP/IP




• IP• Ensures packets get to their destination

• IPv4 255.255.255.255




• IP• Ensures packets get to their destination

• IPv4 255.255.255.255

Internet and Addressing• IPv4 addresses consist of a dotted decimal number• Example

• 35 .75 .123 .250• 00100011.01001011.01111011.11111010• Hexadecimal 234B7B7A

• Entities are assigned different IP ranges within these classes depending on the size of their network.• The IP address is divided into two parts, the network ID

and the host ID.

Internet and Addressing• When networks are established they are given ranges of IP

addresses based on size

• Note that for Network IDs, the 8th bit is always zero

Class Start IP End IP Network/Host Number of Networks

Number of Hosts

A 1.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 N.H.H.H. 126(27 – 2)

16,777,214 (224 – 2)

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 N.N.H.H. 16,382 (214 – 2)

65,534 (216 – 2)

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 N.N.N.H 2,097,150 (221 – 2)

254 (28 – 2)

D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Multicasting

E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Research

Network Masks• Network masks are used to determine if an IP address is

on the same network or a different network.• Network Masks are made up of octets that are all 1s or

zeros: 255 or 000• IP address and Network Mask are logically ANDed

together to separate the Network ID from Host ID.• Subnet Masks can also be used to divide large networks

into smaller pieces to make routers more efficient.

Network Masks• Network masks are used to determine if an IP address is

on the same network or a different network.• Network Masks are made up of octets that are all 1s or

zeros: 255 or 000• IP address and Network Mask are logically ANDed

together to separate the Network ID from Host ID.• Subnet Masks can also be used to divide large networks

into smaller pieces to make routers more efficient.

Internet Technologies Mr. Grimming. Internet Applications E-Mail File Transfer World Wide Web E-commerce Searches Voice over Internet Protocol Video over.

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