Internet Chapter What is the Internet What is the Internet History of the Internet History of the Internet How data travels on the Internet How data travels.

Internet ChapterInternet Chapter

What is the InternetWhat is the Internet History of the InternetHistory of the Internet How data travels on the InternetHow data travels on the Internet Anatomy of a URLAnatomy of a URL Purpose of a Web BrowserPurpose of a Web Browser DNS (Domain Naming System)DNS (Domain Naming System) New Applications of the InternetNew Applications of the Internet

NetworkNetworkNetworkNetwork• A collection of A collection of

computers and computers and devices connected devices connected together via together via communications communications media such as media such as cables, telephone cables, telephone lines, and modems. lines, and modems.

• LAN /MAN/WANLAN /MAN/WAN

• The Internet is the The Internet is the world’s largest world’s largest collection of collection of computer networks.computer networks.

Local Area Network

Just remember…Just remember… It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 It took 38 years for radio to reach 50

million usersmillion users 13 years for television to reach 50 13 years for television to reach 50

million usersmillion users Less than 4 years for the Web to do Less than 4 years for the Web to do

the same!the same! By 2010, about 80% of the planet will By 2010, about 80% of the planet will

be on the Internet be on the Internet

History of the InternetHistory of the Internet

Goal:To function if

part of network were disabled

Became functional

September 1969

ARPANET

Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced

Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/ 4

sites involved

Goal:To allow scientists

at different locations to share

information

History of the InternetHistory of the Internet

TodayMore than 350 million host nodes

1984More than 1,000 host nodes

1969Four host nodes

History of the InternetHistory of the Internet

Who controls the Internet?Who controls the Internet?

Now: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines

Tim Berners-Lee, director

Future: Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research

and development project

Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

High-speed connection

High-speed connection

Slow-speed technology

Slow-speed technology

How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works

Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a

standard telephone line to connect to the Internet

Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a

standard telephone line to connect to the Internet

Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet

services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems

Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet

services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems

Connection is always on—whenever the computer

is running

Connection is always on—whenever the computer

is running

Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive

Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive

How you Access the InternetHow you Access the Internet

Service Providers (SP) enable Internet?Service Providers (SP) enable Internet?

1. ISP, Regional or National SP

2. OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)

3. Wireless Internet Service Provider

How Does the Internet How Does the Internet Work?Work? ProtocolsProtocols

Rules/standardsRules/standards Establish connections between two or Establish connections between two or

more computersmore computers Internet backboneInternet backbone

The main Internet pathways and The main Internet pathways and connections connections

Internet service providers (ISP)Internet service providers (ISP) Provide users with access to the Internet Provide users with access to the Internet

Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)Internet Protocol (IP)

InternetInternet A packet switching networkA packet switching network

IP addressIP address Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such

as 64.233.161.104as 64.233.161.104 Domain namesDomain names

Associated English names assigned to IP addressesAssociated English names assigned to IP addresses

Domain nameDomain name

What is a What is a domain namedomain name??

Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address

Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet

Domain Name SystemDomain Name System

Converts domain names into IP addressesConverts domain names into IP addresses Without the DNS, the Internet would crashWithout the DNS, the Internet would crash One of the largest, distributed databases One of the largest, distributed databases

on the planeton the planet Every domain name has a domain name Every domain name has a domain name

server somewhere that handles its server somewhere that handles its requestsrequests

Packet SwitchingPacket Switching Data is sent out in sequenceData is sent out in sequence Small chunks (packets) of dataSmall chunks (packets) of data Packets are passed from node to node Packets are passed from node to node

"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Each electronic document is called a Web page

Also called the Web

Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

The World Wide WebThe World Wide WebHow do handheld How do handheld computers and cellular computers and cellular telephones access the telephones access the Web?Web?

Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text

Must be Internet-enabled

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is What is downloadingdownloading?? The process of a computer receiving information Depending upon connection speed, downloading can

take from a few seconds to several minutes

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is a What is a subject directorysubject directory?? Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics

Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is a What is a search enginesearch engine??

Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text

Also called a keyword

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Blog Wiki Content Aggregator Personal

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is a What is a portalportal??

A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free

Searching, sports, e-mail,

news, weather, auctions, Web communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is a content aggregator?What is a content aggregator?

Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

What is What is streamingstreaming audio audio??

The process oftransferring audio

in a continuousand even flow

Enables you tolisten to musicas it downloads

to your computer

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web What are What are plug-plug-

insins?? Programs that extend the capability of a browser

You can download many plug-ins at nocost from variousWeb sites

Web PublishingWeb Publishing

What is What is Web publishingWeb publishing??Development and maintenance of Web pages

Step 4.Deploy the Web site

Step 1.Plan the Web site

Step 3.Create the Web site

Step 2.Analyze and design the Web site

Step 5.Maintain the Web site

Business to business (B2B)Business providing goods and

services to other businesses

Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells directly to another

E-CommerceE-Commerce

What is What is E-commerceE-commerce??

Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to general public

Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over

the Internet

Other Internet ServicesOther Internet ServicesWhat is What is FTPFTP?? File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows

you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet

Other Internet ServicesOther Internet ServicesWhat is What is instant messaging (IM)instant messaging (IM)??

A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or filesStep 1.

Login to the IM server

Step 2.The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online

Step 3.You send instant messages to an online buddy

Step 4.Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy

Step 5.Your buddy replies

Never send out E-Mail that you would not want to become public

Never send abusive, threatening, harassing or bigoted messages

Do not type in UPPERCASE.

This is called shouting and perceived to be offensive.

Use a normal mix of upper and lowercase letters

Think twice before sending E-Mail. You cannot get it back.

Personal notes should not sent via e-mail

Additional LES RulesAdditional LES Rules