Internet Access in India - Technology/Policy Perspectives

Internet Accessin India —Technol-

ogy/PolicyPerspectives

Sachin Garg,Kshma Garg

Internet Accessin India

Internet Access inIndia

Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering

Data Centres inIndia

Some Reasonsfor PoorPenetrationand Access

PossibleRemedies

Internet Access in India — Technology/PolicyPerspectives

Sachin Garg Kshma Garg

Navankur

19th November, 2009






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline

1 Internet Access in IndiaInternet Access in IndiaInternet RoutingIPv6, Peering

2 Data Centres in India

3 Some Reasons for Poor Penetration and Access

4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Internet Access in India

• 115th among 223 countries in terms of average internetconnection speeds

• Average internet connection speed of just 772 Kbpscompared with the global average of 1.5 Mbps

• 93rd globally for broadband adoption (with 3.74 per centconnections at speeds over 2 Mbps)

• 55th globally for narrowband adoption (with 25.8 per centof connections at speeds below 256 Kbps)

• Unique IPs from India grew 42.91 per cent YoY, to 2.63million.

• India had 0.0001 broadband IPs per capita.

http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/

http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Despite . . .

Indian Telco’s being part of 3 large submarine cable systems thatspan the globe:

• SEA-ME-WE-3 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved inrunning

• SEA-ME-WE-4 – Tata Communications (VSNL) involved inrunning

• FLAG – Reliance owned






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

WAN: SEA-ME-WE-3

Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-3 Cable

• 39,000 km

• 2 fibre pairs, each carrying (as of May 2007) 48 wavelengthsof 10 Gbit/s, WDM






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

WAN: SEA-ME-WE-4

Figure: South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe-4 Cable

• 18,800 km• 2 fibre pairs, each carrying 64 wavelengths of 10 Gbit/s,

DWDM• Aggregate Bandwidth = 1.28 Tbps






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

WAN: FLAG – Reliance

Figure: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe

• 28,000 km






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Routing/Latency:www.iisc.ernet.in

3 220.227.121.38 1.241 ms 1.166 ms 1.061 ms Bangalore,India, IN


5 220.224.182.86 2.425 ms 2.472 ms 3.023 ms Bombay, India,IN


7 144.16.48.2 * 3.821 ms 3.991 ms Bangalore,India, IN







Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Routing/Latency:www.yahoo.co.in





7 ge-7-46.bas-a2.in2.yahoo.com (203.104.21.243)

20.635 ms 21.198 ms 21.024 ms Bombay, India,IN

8 fp.vip.in2.yahoo .com(202.86.7.62)

21.001 ms 20.904 ms 20.880 ms Bombay, India,IN






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Routing/Latency:www.google.com

5 62.216.144.117 19.307 ms 19.220 ms 19.020 ms London, GB6 62.216.144.117 19.018 ms 22.891 ms 18.777 ms London, GB7 ge-0-2-0.0.pjr01.mmb004.

flagtel.com (85.95.25.65)98.213 ms 98.536 ms 99.002 ms London, GB

8 so-1-0-0.0.pjr01.hkg005.flagtel.com (85.95.25.237)

98.401 ms 98.412 ms 98.480 ms London, GB

9 so-5-0-0.0.cjr03.hkg003.flagtel.com (85.95.25.218)

98.210 ms 98.415 ms 98.483 ms London, GB

10 so-4-0-0.0.cjr04.hkg003.flagtel.com(62.216.137.26)

98.027 ms 97.961 ms 97.975 ms London, GB

11 74.125.51.205 98.149 ms 98.290 ms 98.319 ms Mountain View, US12 64.233.175.207 98.640 ms 98.383 ms 98.276 ms Mountain View, US13 209.85.241.58 98.202 ms 98.404 ms 98.366 ms Mountain View, US14 209.85.249.236 197.700 ms 197.405 ms 208.382 ms Mountain View, US15 216.239.43.212 298.541 ms 333.713 ms 298.204 ms Mountain View, US16 209.85.241.210 331.637 ms 314.359 ms 312.304 ms Mountain View, US17 209.85.243.116 354.438 ms 263.517 ms 263.997 ms Mountain View, US18 209.85.241.37 269.886 ms 263.787 ms 263.964 ms Mountain View, US19 72.14.239.18 265.163 ms 274.897 ms 270.738 ms Mountain View, US22 iy-in-f104.google.com

(209.85.225.104)268.104 ms 268.263 ms 268.251 ms Mountain View, US






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Outline




4 Possible Remedies






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Routing & Peering

NIXI — National Internet eXchange of India is a preferredinter-ISP peering point. Advantages:

• Ensures minimal latency for packets — resulting in gooduser experience

• Reduces unnecessary usage of expensive and limitedinternational links

IPv6 — potential to increase Internet penetration. Current IPv4addresses may run out by 2011

• DoT mandating readiness by December 2010

• NIXI running dual stack routers






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Data Centres in India

• Have matured over a decade

• Not yet aligned to specific segments — Co-Location,Managed, SMB

• Clustered in Tier I cities — Mumbai, Chennai, Banaglore,Hyderabad

• Networking not an issue — lots of fibre in and around Tier Icities

• Power is the biggest challenge

Thanks to Mr. Jayabalan, CTO, NetMagic Solutions, Mumbai






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Data Center Potential in India

Data Centers have a huge potential in India and will be led bythe emerging “Cloud Computing” paradigm. Gartner in a studypredicts Data Center Space in India to grow at a CAGR of 31%.IDC predics a 20-22% growth due to Government hosting.

(’000s ofSquare Feet)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CAGR(2007–2012)

Captive 726 1,209 1,723 2,145 2,391 2,571 29%Hosted 611 1,090 1,749 2,108 2,371 2,573 33%Total Datacenter space

1,337 2,299 3,472 4,252 4,762 5,143 31%

http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=808212

http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=808212






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Some Reasons for PoorPenetration and Access

• Poor and Monopolised Last Mile infrastructure

• Mobile telephony has had phenomenal growth, leading todecline in Wired and consequently Broadband (DSL) lines

• Wireless access is expensive and relegated to a few,

• Digital Cable that could be a potential medium for Internetaccess is undeveloped — may die an untimely death at thehands of DTH

• Expensive to access, partly due to a lot of content hostedoverseas, consuming expensive international bandwidth

• Lack of localised and locally hosted content






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Why Locally Hosted Content?

Network Latency is a serious issue.

• Speed of light is finite (≈ 3×105 km/s in vacuum and 23 of

that in optical fibre)

• You cannot fight Physics.

Bandwidth problems can be cured with money.Latency problems are harder because the speed oflight is fixed—you can’t bribe God.

— Prof. David Clark, M.I.T., quoted various places

Need to put the data as close to the consumer as possible usinga “Content Distribution Network” or edge-caches.

• Akamai a major player in this — Uses a world-wide DNSnetwork (akadns.com) and a set of caching servers

• Expensive. Approximate 2008 prices/Mbps: US: $35,EMEA: $45, RoW: $75






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Possible Remedies - I

Some of the Possible Remedies for ensuring betterInternet/Broadband penetration include:

• Increased number of Data Centers in smaller towns• Results in cheaper data centers nearer to the user, which

will increase data hosted locally, thereby• reducing dependence on and usage of international links →

reduced access costs• reduced latency → better user experience → more users• increased use of new computing models like “Cloud

Computing”

• Requires Incentives to Data Centre Industry which couldbe:

• Tax incentives to Green Data Centers• Allow users of Green Data Center to possibly trade in

Carbon Credits earned by their use of the Green Data Center• Land and Connectivity etc. at concessional rates for Data

Centers setup near renewable power sources






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Possible Remedies - II

• Mandate use of NIXI for all ISPs and increase NIXI PoPs• Results in better and more efficient routing and reduces

unecessary international hops

• Unbundle the local loop (Last Mile)• Results in customers having the choice between Internet

providers and increased broadband penetration• Needs regulatory push as well as development of newer

business models

• Accelerated roll-out of IPv6 to consumers• Results in ISPs being able to provide services to larger

number of users• Newer, innovative solutions can come uphaving the choice

between Internet providers and increased broadbandpenetration

• Needs regulatory push, development of newer businessmodels, customer awareness

• Strong Data Protection Laws






Internet Routing

IPv6, Peering



PossibleRemedies

Thank You

Questions?

[email protected]

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