International Space Agencies

Space Agencies of the world CruxGerman Aero Space Center
Headquarters: Cologne, Germany The National Centre for Space Studies (CNES ; French: Centre national d'études spatiales) is
the French space agency HQ - Paris It operates from the Toulouse Space Center and Guiana Space Centre
Pakistan
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission ( SUPARCO ) is the national space agency of Pakistan.
HQ - Karachi Established in 1961 Primacy spaceport – Sonmiani, Balochistan Pakistan’s first satellite, Badr-I, was built by the SUPARCO and launched from the Xichang
Satellite Launch Center, China on July 16, 1990
The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organization of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.
Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris , ESA Major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 ESA + NASA to manufacture the Orion Spacecraft
The United Kingdom Space Agency
It is an executive agency of the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme.
Headquarters : Swindon, United Kingdom Founded : 1 April 2010
China National Space Administration
Formed April 22, 1993 Headquarters - Haidian District, Beijing, China Primary spaceports– Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Beidou navigation system, Tianwen 1, Chang e
CSIRO, Australia
Israel Space Agency
The agency was founded by the theoretical physicist Yuval Ne'eman in 1983 Headquarters - Tel Aviv, Israel
The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit.
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It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).
The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research.
NASA was established in 1958 On October 1, 1958 , NASA became operational HQ: Washington, D.C., United States
Major achievements of NASA
NASA Apollo 11: NASA was the first to put humans on the moon, July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on Moon.
Viking 1 was the first spacecraft to land on Mars and explore the "Red Planet." The
unmanned spacecraft landed on Mars on July 20, 1976, and stayed on the planet transmitting data and images for the next six years.
The Mars Pathfinder mission successfully landed the Sojourner rover on the surface of Mars, July 4, 1997, setting
the scene for future study of the "Red Planet."
Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart, February 1, 2003 , upon reentry into the Earth's atmosphere after a successful research mission in space. The pieces were delivered to the space center for identification and investigation into the accident. Kalpana Chawla was one of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
On July 7, 2003, NASA launched its second Mars Exploration Rover, Opportunity , aboard a Delta II launch vehicle.
Opportunity and its twin rover Spirit landed on Mars in 2004 to begin missions. Spirit lasted for six years while Opportunity ended after almost 15 years in 2019.
The Cassini mission, launched jointly by NASA, the ESA and the ASI to study Saturn in 1997, came to an end in 2017.
Juno is a NASA space probe orbiting the planet Jupiter . The spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on the 5th of August 2011. Juno's mission is to measure Jupiter's composition, gravitational field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere. Juno is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, after the nuclear powered Galileo orbiter, which orbited from 1995 to 2003
New Horizons is a NASA mission to study the dwarf planet Pluto , its moons, and other objects in the Kuiper Belt.
2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the planet's geology and radiation environment. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of his and Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Curiosity is Mars rover designed to explore the Gale crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission.
Launch date: 26 November 2011
Perseverance , Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. The rover also carried the mini-helicopter Ingenuity to Mars, an experimental aircraft. Dawn spacecraft was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known
protoplanets of the asteroid belt: Vesta and Ceres .– Vesta in 2011-2012, and Ceres in 2015-2018.
Artemis program - NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon.
InSight mission is a robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of the planet Mars. The mission was launched on 5 May 2018 aboard an Atlas V-401 rocket and successfully landed on Mars on 26 November 2018.
OSIRIS-REx traveled to near-Earth asteroid Bennu and is bringing a small sample back to Earth for study. The mission launched Sept. 8, 2016. The spacecraft reached Bennu in 2018 and will return a sample to Earth in 2023.
JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) will explore Jupiter and three of its icy moons in depth in 2022.
NASA-ISRO SAR Mission ( NISAR ) A dedicated U.S. and Indian InSAR mission, in partnership with ISRO, optimized for studying hazards and global environmental change.
SPHEREx mission - NASA mission that will help astronomers understand both how our universe evolved, to launch in 2023.
The Magellan spacecraft was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic-aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field.
The Parker Solar Probe launched in 2018 with the mission of making observations of the outer corona of the Sun
Europa Clipper Set for a launch in October 2024, the spacecraft is being
developed to study the Galilean moon Europa through a series of flybys while in orbit around Jupiter.
Dragonfly is a planned spacecraft and NASA mission, which will send a robotic rotorcraft to the surface of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.
NASA launch sites
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida Vandenberg Space Force Base, California Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex, Florida Baikonur Cosmodrome, southern Kazakhstan
Famous telescopes
The Hubble Space Telescope (Launched on 24 April 1990) The Spitzer Space Telescope (Launched on 25 August 2003) The Chandra X-ray Observatory (Launched on 23 July 1999) The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Launched on 11 June 2008) The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, formerly known as WFIRST, is an upcoming space telescope. It will be
launched in 2025. The James Webb Space Telescope (Launch on 31 October 2021)
Roscosmos
Formed - 25 February 1992 Russian Federation responsible for space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.
Roscosmos is headquartered in Moscow Its launch facilities include Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the world's first and largest spaceport, and
Vostochny Cosmodrome.
Valentina Tereshkova is the first and youngest woman to have flown in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963.
Yuri Gagrin is the first human to have flown in space Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961 (International human space flight day) First artificial earth satellite: Sputnik The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first manmade object to orbit the earth, on October 4, 1957. Laika was a Soviet space dog which became the first animal to orbit the Earth in Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that
was launched into outer space on 3 November 1957. Died in space. On August 19, 1960, the Soviets launched a pair of female dogs, Belka and Strelka , into orbit aboard a new
spacecraft called Vostok. Came back Alive. Luna 2 became the first human artifact to reach the moon when it crashed near the Sea of Serenity on September 14,
1959. First spacewalk: Alexei Leonov Voskhod 2 mission’s Alexei Leonov , March 18, 1965, became the first person to free-float in space. Svetlana Savitskaya flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space. On her 1984 Soyuz T-12
mission she became the first woman to fly to space twice, and the first woman to perform a spacewalk. First space rover (Lunokhod 1) First sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16) First space station (Salyut 1)
ISRO
Formed - 15 August 1969 Headquarters – Bangalore Primary spaceports Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) Thiruvananthapuram Kulasekharapatnam in Tamil Nadu The Indian National Committee for Space Research ( INCOSPAR ) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru under the
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1962, on the urging of scientist Vikram Sarabhai recognising the need in space research.
INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969, within DAE. In 1972, the Government of India had set up a Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS), bringing ISRO under the DOS.
ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata , which was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975 from Launch vehicle C-1 Intercosmos
India’s satellite man – Udupi Ramchandra Rao ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata , which was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975 from Launch
vehicle C-1 Intercosmos India’s satellite man – Udupi Ramchandra Rao In 1980, ISRO launched satellite RS-1 onboard its own SLV-3 making India the sixth country to be capable of
undertaking orbital launches. ISRO operates two satellite navigation systems namely GAGAN and NAVIC . GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation (GAGAN) – It was launched from GSAT-8 communication satellite in 2001 The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (Navigation with
Indian Constellation), operational since 2018. Jul 18, 1980 Rohini became the first satellite to be placed into orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3 Oct 22, 2008 ISRO sent an unmanned lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1 , into orbit Sep 09, 2012 ISRO's 100th space mission was successfully launched using PSLV-C21 rocket . It also placed two
foreign satellites into the earth's orbit
Nov 5, 2013 India launched Mars Orbiter Mission on 5 November 2013 and entered Mars' orbit on 24 September, 2014, making India the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars. ISRO became the fourth space agency in the world, as well as the first space agency in Asia, to reach the Mars orbit
Feb 15, 2017 On 15 February 2017, ISRO launched 104 satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37), a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-Mk III), on 5 June, 2017 and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 into the orbit
Nov 14, 2018 ISRO successfully launched GSAT-29 satellite from Sriharikota, the heaviest satellite weighing at 3,423 kg aims at providing better communication for remote areas of country.
On 22 July, 2019, India launched GSLV-Mk III , India's second moon mission 'Chandrayaan-2’. Vikram lander & Pragyan rover
Research facilities
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre - Thiruvananthapuram The largest ISRO base is also the main technical centre and the venue of development of the SLV-3, ASLV, and PSLV series. The base supports India's Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station and the Rohini Sounding Rocket programme. This facility is also developing the GSLV series.
Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
Thiruvananthapuram and Bangalore The LPSC handles design, development, testing and implementation of liquid propulsion control packages, liquid
stages and liquid engines for launch vehicles and satellites. The testing of these systems is largely conducted at IPRC at Mahendragiri in South Tamil Nadu.
Physical Research Laboratory - Ahmedabad
Solar planetary physics, infrared astronomy, geo-cosmo physics, plasma physics, astrophysics, archaeology, and hydrology are some of the branches of study at this institute.
Semi-Conductor Laboratory - Chandigarh National Atmospheric Research Laboratory – Tirupati Space Applications Centre - Ahmedabad North-Eastern Space Applications Centre - Shillong
Test facilities
ISRO Propulsion Complex - Mahendragiri It handles testing and assembly of liquid propulsion control packages
Construction and launch facilities
U R Rao Satellite Centre -Bangalore Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems - Bangalore Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Sriharikota Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station – Thiruvananthapuram (Only for sounding rockets) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) – Dehradun Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) – Thiruvananthapuram Balasore Rocket Launching Station (BRLS) – Odisha Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), Bangalore
Antrix Corporation Limited (Commercial Wing)
Antrix Corporation Set up as the marketing arm of ISRO, Antrix's job is to promote products, services and technology developed by ISRO.
NewSpace India Limited (Commercial Wing)
NewSpace India Limited Set up for marketing spin-off technologies, tech transfers through industry interface and scale up industry participation in the space programmes.
IN-SPACe is an autonomous nodal agency, approved by the Union Government and will be governed by the Department of Space. This organisation shall act as a medium between ISRO and the private space sector in India.
Kalpana-1 was the first dedicated meteorological satellite launched by Indian Space Research Organisation using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on 12 September 2002.
SARAL launched in 2013 (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) is a cooperative altimetry technology mission of ISRO and French CNES. SARAL performs altimetric measurements designed to study ocean circulation and sea surface elevation.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle or PSLV is the first medium-lift launch vehicle from India which enabled India to launch all its remote-sensing satellites into Sun-synchronous orbit
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was envisaged in 1990s to transfer significant payloads to geostationary orbit.
The Lunar Polar Exploration mission (LUPEX) is a robotic lunar mission concept by Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) that would send a lunar rover and lander to explore the south pole region of the Moon in 2024.
Who is considered as the " founding father " of Indian Space Programme? Dr Vikram A Sarabhai Where the Rockets / Launch vehicles are made? Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram How can a person order for Satellite data ? National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad When was the first rocket launched in India ? Which was the rocket? The first rocket, a Nike-Apache, procured from
the US, was launched on November 21,1963 When did India begin developing its own rockets ? India’s first indigenous sounding rocket, RH-75, was launched on
November 20, 1967.
StudSat is first Indian pico-satellite which weighs less than 1 kg. It was launched on 12 July, 2010 by PSLV-C15. On March 27, 2019 India conducted Mission Shakti , an anti-satellite missile test, from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam
Island launch complex. This was a technological mission carried out by DRDO. India completed its first successful attempt at shooting a satellite in lower earth orbit (LEO). Anti-satellite ( ASAT )
System is missile-based system to attack moving satellites.
AstroSat AstroSat is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory. ASTROSAT observes universe in the optical,
Ultraviolet, low and high energy X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas most other scientific satellites are capable of observing a narrow range of wavelength band.
Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission for studying the water cycle and energy exchanges in the tropics. Launch date: October 12, 2011 from PSLV- C18
APPLE
The Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) was ISRO's first indigenous, experimental communication satellite .
It was launched into GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) by the third development flight of ESA'a Ariane vehicle from Kourou on June 19, 1981.
Destination Craft name Launch vehicle Year
Moon Chandrayaan 3 GSLV MK III 2022
Sun Aditya L 1 PSLV-XL 2022
Venus Shukrayaan 1 GSLV MK II 2023
Mars Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan 2)
GSLV MK III
2024
Bhaskara-I
The First Experimental Remote Sensing Satellite built in India. The onboard TV camera imageries were used in the field of Hydrology and Forestry. Rich scientific data sent by SAMIR was used for oceanographic studies.
CARTOSAT-1
CARTOSAT–1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite capable of providing in-orbit stereo images. The images were used for Cartographic applications meeting the global requirements. Launch vehicle PSLV- C6
Bhuvan Bhujal
NRSC, ISRO has prepared nationwide ground water prospects maps under National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), sponsored by Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (erstwhile RGNDWM),
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
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Space Agencies of the world
Space Agencies of the world Hindi

International Space Agencies

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