International Scientific Data Sharing: Benefits and Opportunities Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS

International Scientific Data Sharing: Benefits and

Opportunities

Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRSUNESCO Science Laureate

A Connected World !The Digital Age --- digital divides!The Digital Age --- digital divides!An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than

Fiction!Fiction!The Knowledge ExplosionThe Knowledge ExplosionNew Challenges and OpportunitiesNew Challenges and OpportunitiesTransitioning to a Knowledge EconomyTransitioning to a Knowledge EconomyA Key Factor: Networking and Data SharingA Key Factor: Networking and Data SharingPakistan: A Case StudyPakistan: A Case Study

The Digital Age

Death of Distance Death of Distance Networking Presents New OpportunitiesNetworking Presents New Opportunities ICT Driving Growth ICT Driving Growth CommerceCommerce TelemedicineTelemedicine E GovernanceE Governance GISGIS Remote Controlled InstrumentationRemote Controlled Instrumentation

Truth Stranger than Fiction !!

Blind seeing with the TongueBlind seeing with the TongueParalysed moving wheel chairsParalysed moving wheel chairs--- with --- with

thought controlthought controlLuminescent OrchidsLuminescent OrchidsMetamaterials – making invisibleMetamaterials – making invisibleStem cellsStem cells

Requirements for Rapid Progress

Human capital Human capital with knowledgewith knowledge and skillsand skills

TechnologyTechnology

Innovation/Entrepreneurship Innovation/Entrepreneurship Infrastructure Infrastructure and incentives to innovateand incentives to innovate

Mechanisms: Networking, Data Sharing, Mechanisms: Networking, Data Sharing, Knowledge generation and applicationKnowledge generation and application

5

The Knowledge Explosion ICT serving to level out the playing fieldICT serving to level out the playing field

Share of developing countries as % of world Share of developing countries as % of world research publications increased from 20.9% research publications increased from 20.9% to 32%to 32%

Share of developed countries declined from Share of developed countries declined from 84.3% to 75.3% in same period84.3% to 75.3% in same period

UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010

New Challenges and Opportunities!

Challenges: Challenges: Diminishing young populations Diminishing young populations in many countries opting for researchin many countries opting for research

Lack of vision in leaderships of many Lack of vision in leaderships of many developing countriesdeveloping countries

OpportunitiesOpportunities: The advent of a knowledge : The advent of a knowledge ageage

Easier to Catch up---given the political will Easier to Catch up---given the political will eg. China, Korea etc.eg. China, Korea etc.

Impact of just one institution----MIT

MIT graduates and faculty have founded 4000 companies

Employ: 1.1 million people Annual Sales: $ 240 billion Collectively these companies are the 18th

largest economy in the World!

Constraints of a Developing Country

Lack of a vision, strategy, action plan to transition Lack of a vision, strategy, action plan to transition to Knowledge Economiesto Knowledge Economies

Inability to Use Data due to:Inability to Use Data due to: 1) 1) Lack of critical mass of Quality Lack of critical mass of Quality

ResearchersResearchers 2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure 3) 3) Lack of Funds for Research/LibrariesLack of Funds for Research/Libraries 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish

(universities are actually community colleges)(universities are actually community colleges)

Open Access --- the New Wave!

Open Access JournalsOpen Access Journals

Open Access Journal ArticlesOpen Access Journal Articles

Open Access BooksOpen Access Books

Open Access Book ChaptersOpen Access Book Chapters

Open Access LecturesOpen Access Lectures

Open SourceMIT Open Source MIT Open Source Materials --- A Materials --- A

Wonderful InitiativeWonderful Initiative

Apple iTunes U Apple iTunes U : Another great source of : Another great source of datadata

Host of Other Materials Freely Available Host of Other Materials Freely Available on Interneton Internet

Data SharingData Sharing Telemedicine Telemedicine

Sharing GIS Data --- Sharing GIS Data --- Web based GIS for Web based GIS for sharing geographical data, E governancesharing geographical data, E governance

International GridInternational Grid: CERN calculations --- across : CERN calculations --- across the world!the world!

Remote Control of Science Experiments: Remote Control of Science Experiments: NMR NMR

An Example from a Developing Country: Pakistan

Pakistan---An Exciting Beginning !!

My appointment as Federal Minister of Science My appointment as Federal Minister of Science & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman Higher Education Commission (2000-2008)Higher Education Commission (2000-2008)

6000% increase in budget of Science 6000% increase in budget of Science & Technology& Technology

2400% increase in budget of higher 2400% increase in budget of higher educationeducation

Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data

Sharing

CONSTRAINT ONE ----CONSTRAINT ONE ----National Vision, Strategy and National Vision, Strategy and

Action PlanAction Plan

Cabinet Cabinet (on 19 November 2003)(on 19 November 2003)

Entrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman toEntrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman to

Prepare a comprehensive National Prepare a comprehensive National Development Plan – Transitioning to a Development Plan – Transitioning to a Knowledge EconomyKnowledge Economy

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Areas• AgricultureAgriculture• TextilesTextiles• LeatherLeather• MaterialsMaterials• Chemicals & Chemicals &

PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals• Engineering GoodsEngineering Goods• ElectronicsElectronics

• Energy / PowerEnergy / Power• TelecommunicationsTelecommunications• Information TechnologyInformation Technology• Construction & HousingConstruction & Housing• TransportationTransportation• Strategic Industries / Strategic Industries /

TechnologiesTechnologies

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MethodologyMethodology StudyStudy undertaken: PCST + PIDE undertaken: PCST + PIDE 12 Committees12 Committees ( several hundred eminent scientists, ( several hundred eminent scientists,

engineers, planners, economists and private sector engineers, planners, economists and private sector representatives)representatives)

ConsultationConsultation with with Federal / ProvincialFederal / Provincial Ministries Ministries Consultation with Consultation with PAEC, KRL, NESCOM, SPDPAEC, KRL, NESCOM, SPD etc. etc. Intensive Brainstorming SessionsIntensive Brainstorming Sessions: :

SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis Strategies IdentifiedStrategies Identified Action Plan prepared in each fieldAction Plan prepared in each field

Important projects for implementing the Action Plan IdentifiedImportant projects for implementing the Action Plan Identified Will need to reviewed and revised constantlyWill need to reviewed and revised constantly

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Technology gap

Example:

Fan Industry: Korea sells 10 times more fans (with noise reduction technology) than Pakistan

Policy gap We have ignored the paradigm shift in world trade

which is towards high tech products

Innovation gap Lack of organized effort to promote innovation/

entrepreneurship

Gaps

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ApproachFocus, Focus, Focus!

Prepare Prepare prioritized listprioritized list of “Doable” projects of “Doable” projects in each sectorin each sector

Clearly Clearly identifyidentify What is to be done ?What is to be done ?

Who will do it ?Who will do it ?

Implementation timeframe ?Implementation timeframe ?

Human resource requirements ?Human resource requirements ?

Cost of project ?Cost of project ?

Impact on national economy ? Impact on national economy ?

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Foresight Document (270 Foresight Document (270 pages) Approvedpages) Approved

National Implementation CommitteeNational Implementation Committee constituted under Prime Minister constituted under Prime Minister comprising relevant Ministries, comprising relevant Ministries, eminent scientists, engineers, eminent scientists, engineers, Secretaries and Private Sector Secretaries and Private Sector representativesrepresentatives

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Cabinet DecisionCabinet Decision

Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data

Sharing

CONSTRAINT Two ----CONSTRAINT Two ---- Developing Critical Mass of Developing Critical Mass of

High Quality ResearchersHigh Quality Researchers(developing national abilities to (developing national abilities to

generate, share and utilize data)generate, share and utilize data)

Challenge: How do we attract our brightest to

Education/Research ?Pakistan has 85 million below age 19 (54%

of population) !

Both a Challenge and an OpportunityBoth a Challenge and an Opportunity

It is the brightest among them who must It is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields---education, provide the leadership in all fields---education, S&T, GovernmentS&T, Government

HOW ??

1)1) Excite young minds about the wonders of science about the wonders of science !!

2) 2) Select and train the Brightest in top universities abroad

3) 3) Attract them back--- by creating an enabling -- by creating an enabling environment :environment :

Salaries Research Funding Access to Literature/ Instrumentation Critical Mass—create clusters !

Attracting the Brightest Attracting the Brightest !!

Dramatic Change in Salary Structures/Benefits

Under new “Tenure Track” system salaries of Professors raised to over US $ 5,000 per month (equal to US$ 7,000 per month after tax concessions)---five times more than Federal Ministers in Government !

Performance based systemPerformance based system 75% Tax waiver for University Teachers

(maximum 5%)

Massive Foreign scholarship programsNearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for Nearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for

Europe)Europe)World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship

program for the USprogram for the USEach returning scholar given access to $ Each returning scholar given access to $

100,000 research fund 100,000 research fund with guaranteed with guaranteed jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track systemsystem

About US$ 1 Billion being spent on Foreign Scholarships (1500 in IT)

Indigenous PhD programs promoted

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Distribution of Approved Project CostDistribution of Approved Project Cost

Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data

Sharing

CONSTRAINT THREE ----CONSTRAINT THREE ----Developing world class infra-Developing world class infra-

structure --- the knowledge structure --- the knowledge highways!highways!

Paksat 1

Ku Band

C-Band

Virtual University 4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV

Channels for content delivery (License for 2 granted)

Satellite Earth Station 2 Recording StudiosPotential for providing high quality

training in remote areas of Pakistan

3131

August 14, 200029 Cities

Spread of Internet Services in Cities & Towns of Pakistan

Information Technology

1050

2000

580

290

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Year

822 cities on the Internet

2002

Iran

Afghanistan

India

China

From 40 to 1,000 Cities on Optical Fibre (2000-2005)

SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being

upgraded to DWDM

10 Gb/s

Internet user growth

Internet users

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

Internet users

Start point

Today

June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million

Actual users more than 20

Million!

Dial up

Plummeting costs….

Cost /E1

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

US

$

Cost /E1

Start point

Today

June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000 October 2004 : US$ 3,800 Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !

Communications Network---the Effect of one Good Decision!

1992-2000, little Growth(300,000 phones)2001, CPP regime brought in

Network expansion of 3 million phone-lines ordered in 2002 ! Mobilink, U-fone

Explosive growth continues till today (over 100 million phones today—hottest sector of the economy)

Pakistan Education & Research Pakistan Education & Research NetworkNetwork

PERN – I Status (2003 – 08)Universities/ Institutes 80

Core Bandwidth 155 Mbps

Last Mile Bandwidth 4-24 Mbps

International Leased Circuit

155 Mbps

PERN – II Plans (2009 - 2013)Universities/ Institutes/R&E Org.

250+

Core Bandwidth 10 Gbps

Last Mile Bandwidth 1 Gbps

International Leased Circuit 1.3 Gbps

Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data

Sharing

CONSTRAINT FOUR ----CONSTRAINT FOUR ----The Contents ---- Access to The Contents ---- Access to

Information!Information!

Digital LibraryE-Journals: 25,000 full text journals

E-Books: access to over 45,000 text books and monographs -- 220 220 international publishersinternational publishers

MIT Mirror Web siteMIT Mirror Web site

Ever since its inception, Digital Library is striving hard to provide our institutions with superior quality peer-reviewed, full-text, academic and research material in the shape of e-journals as well as e-books. There are more than 75 Thousand e 75 Thousand e contents contents available to researchers ..

Springer LinkSpringer Link Project MUSEProject MUSECambridge Uni. PressCambridge Uni. Press Science OnlineScience OnlineWiley InterscienceWiley Interscience IEEE IEEEJSTOR JSTOR EbraryEbraryMcGraw-Hill ProfessionalMcGraw-Hill Professional ISI – Web of ScienceISI – Web of ScienceScience DirectScience Direct EmeraldEmerald

For a complete list of e-resources please visit www.digitallibrary.edu.pk

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E-Resources

National Digital Library Program

Downloads - Overall Usage

41National Digital Library Program

Usage Stats – An Insight

0

1

2

3

4

5

Nos

. in

Mill

ions

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Articles Downloaded

International Video-lecturing Program / Distance Learning

High quality video-conferencing equipment installed

Series of international lectures (nation-wide) by top professors from leading world universities

Complete Courses Now Being Delivered: Sri Lanka, Thailand, Pakistan etc benefiting

URL: http:\\111.68.111.200/moodle

Video Conferencing Facility

4343

Launched in Dec 2006

2006 2007 2008 2009 Total

Universities Equipped 4 14 16 36 70

Events organized 14 532 490 894 1921

EventsLectures

/ Presenta

tions

Conferences

Technical

Discussion

Meetings

Interviews

Total Events

2006 3 3 8 - - 14

2007 154 10 276 63 20 523

2008 63 7 316 82 22 490

2009 63 10 630 167 24 894

Total 283 30 1230 312 66 1921

Telemedicine Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in

20012001

Selected Doctors Trained in USASelected Doctors Trained in USA

Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated northern areasnorthern areas

Over 4000 tele-consultations providedOver 4000 tele-consultations provided

Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data

Sharing

CONSTRAINT FIVE ----CONSTRAINT FIVE ---- Controlling Improper Use of Controlling Improper Use of

Available Data --- Plagiarism!Available Data --- Plagiarism!

National Plagiarism Policy National Plagiarism Policy prepared and National Plagiarism Policy prepared and

implementedimplemented Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to

all universities/institutionsall universities/institutions Plagiarism “watch dog” set upPlagiarism “watch dog” set up All theses and research papers checked by All theses and research papers checked by

universities & centrally monitoreduniversities & centrally monitored National Archives created for all National National Archives created for all National

Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc).Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc).

IMPACTIMPACT

Increasing Access1947-2003 : 135,000 university students1947-2003 : 135,000 university students 2009 : 400,000 university students2009 : 400,000 university students

No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in 2000 to 127 in 20092000 to 127 in 2009

ResultsResults600% in ISI abstracted publications600% in ISI abstracted publications

1000% increase in citations over 1000% increase in citations over last 4 yearslast 4 years

Tripling of enrolment and doubling Tripling of enrolment and doubling of universitiesof universities

Year wise Research Output-PakistanYear wise Research Output-Pakistan

PhD Output

World University RankingsHigher Education Times, UK Rankings, Higher Education Times, UK Rankings,

November 2009:November 2009:

Several Pakistani universities ranked Several Pakistani universities ranked among the top 300 universities of the among the top 300 universities of the World World : : Karachi University at 223 Karachi University at 223

Natl.science) , NUST at 263, NUST at Natl.science) , NUST at 263, NUST at 281281

QAU at 69 in Engineering-related disciplineQAU at 69 in Engineering-related discipline

Glowing International Reviews-- World BankWorld Bank USAIDUSAID British CouncilBritish Council

““NatureNature””--27--27thth November 2007---- “The November 2007---- “The Paradox of Pakistan”Paradox of Pakistan”

““NatureNature”” --28 --28thth August 2008--- “After August 2008--- “After Musharraf”Musharraf”

““NatureNature”--- 3”--- 3rdrd September 2009 September 2009 ““NatureNature” --- 22” --- 22ndnd September 2010 September 2010

Nature, 22nd September 2010

5454

“Rahman's strong scientific background, enthusiasm for reform and impressive ability to secure cash made him a hit at home and abroad----

It really was an anomaly that we had a person of that stature with that kind of backing

Atta-ur-Rahman was a force of nature."

Highest Civil Award of Austria

International Prize for Pakistan I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize

for Institution Buildingfor Institution Building

Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture delivered by me in Durban, South Africa delivered by me in Durban, South Africa last monthlast month

Royal Society (London)In a survey entitledIn a survey entitled “A New Golden “A New Golden

Age ?”Age ?” the Royal Society has come the Royal Society has come forward with examples of recent forward with examples of recent positive changes in some Islamic positive changes in some Islamic countries and quoted countries and quoted Pakistan as the Pakistan as the best practice model to be followed by best practice model to be followed by other developing countriesother developing countries

PAKISTAN’s PotentialPAKISTAN’s Potential

Winners of International Science Olympiads

A GROUP OF GERMAN STUDENTS

THANK YOUTHANK YOU