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International Politics International Politics in the New Century: in the New Century:
• Understanding how games can teach important Understanding how games can teach important Political Science conceptsPolitical Science concepts
• Making games make one think out possible Making games make one think out possible actions and consequences actions and consequences
Day 2:Day 2:• Looking at a situation from different perspectives Looking at a situation from different perspectives
can bring different insights –visualization can bring different insights –visualization • Hands on storyline work with Philip TanHands on storyline work with Philip Tan
Day 3:Day 3:• Hands on ArcGISHands on ArcGIS • Project updatesProject updates
The “N” Civil War…The “N” Civil War… Small-N: The qualitative traditionSmall-N: The qualitative tradition
• Focus on qualitative generalization via narrativeFocus on qualitative generalization via narrative• Unit of analysis = case descriptionUnit of analysis = case description• Explanations outnumber observationsExplanations outnumber observations
Large-N: The quantitative traditionLarge-N: The quantitative tradition• Focus on statistical inference through numbersFocus on statistical inference through numbers• Unit of analysis = a coordinate in RUnit of analysis = a coordinate in Rnn (uni or multi- (uni or multi-
STEP 2: ANALYSIS- Measurement and Instrumentation- Data gathering- Hypothesis testing
A View to ScienceA View to Science
Word to the wise (from Immanuel Kant)…Word to the wise (from Immanuel Kant)…• ““Experience without theory is blind, but theory without Experience without theory is blind, but theory without
experience is mere intellectual play.”experience is mere intellectual play.”• ““All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to
the understanding, and ends with reason.”the understanding, and ends with reason.”
Political theory, case studies, and quantitative Political theory, case studies, and quantitative inference are indispensable inference are indispensable • But none of these directly arrive at But none of these directly arrive at understandingunderstanding,, comprehension through perceptioncomprehension through perception
Present Verdict on Present Verdict on Visualization in Political ScienceVisualization in Political Science
Lacking (aside from graphs and emerging Lacking (aside from graphs and emerging GIS), however…GIS), however…
Advocacy, in the social sciences in Advocacy, in the social sciences in general, for understanding geo & cyber general, for understanding geo & cyber spacesspaces
Within Political ScienceWithin Political Science• Ex: Understanding of geopolitics; iow, how Ex: Understanding of geopolitics; iow, how
geography of political units affect their political geography of political units affect their political behaviorbehavior
• For instance, how area, borders, and For instance, how area, borders, and geographic / sociopolitical features within them geographic / sociopolitical features within them influence trade, diplomacy, environment, influence trade, diplomacy, environment, migration, conflict, etc...migration, conflict, etc...
Where does Visualization fit in Political Where does Visualization fit in Political Science and International Relations?Science and International Relations?
More visualization, particularly to…More visualization, particularly to… Complement theory & empirical analysis w/visual Complement theory & empirical analysis w/visual
representations of simulated and measured datarepresentations of simulated and measured data Enable human-machine interface for perceiving Enable human-machine interface for perceiving
and interpreting deductive and inductive resultsand interpreting deductive and inductive results Facilitate feedback b/w theory and observationFacilitate feedback b/w theory and observation Explore alternative understandings of political Explore alternative understandings of political
phenomena, predicted or observed, by managing phenomena, predicted or observed, by managing computational complexity of research problemscomputational complexity of research problems
Survey: Visualization in Social SciencesSurvey: Visualization in Social Sciences
Geography & Urban PlanningGeography & Urban Planning• Geography: lead in viz (origin in geospatial Geography: lead in viz (origin in geospatial
representation of data); representation of data); interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary [ [WBWB]]• Urban Planning: good use of geography for Urban Planning: good use of geography for
resource / environmental management & CAD for resource / environmental management & CAD for urban designurban design
Politics, Economics, & SociologyPolitics, Economics, & Sociology• PoliSci: Traditional Use of PoliSci: Traditional Use of GraphsGraphs in Statistics; in Statistics;
domestic political behavior and mediadomestic political behavior and media• Econ: mostly theoretical; graphs in econometrics Econ: mostly theoretical; graphs in econometrics
(most notable exception: viz of world trade)(most notable exception: viz of world trade)• Sociology: visualization of social / knowledge / Sociology: visualization of social / knowledge /
agent networksagent networks
Additional ExamplesAdditional Examples
Knowledge (content)Knowledge (content) DiscoveryDiscovery• WebBrainWebBrain / / KartooKartoo• InxightInxight • Smart Money – Map of the MarketSmart Money – Map of the Market
Scientific (data) VisualizationScientific (data) Visualization• NOAA Air Resources LabNOAA Air Resources Lab• NASA Earth ObservatoryNASA Earth Observatory• UNDP: Human Development in AnimationUNDP: Human Development in Animation• CIESIN ESI MapsCIESIN ESI Maps
Geographic Information Geographic Information SystemsSystems
An IntroductionAn Introduction
Day 3: 10:30am-11:30amDay 3: 10:30am-11:30am
What is GIS?What is GIS?
Etc… Etc…
Why GIS?Why GIS?
Spatial QuerySpatial Query Measurement of Measurement of
Red vs. Blue (one more time)Red vs. Blue (one more time)
County pop.& wins (no state EC results) State EC & county wins (no pop)
GIS in GamingGIS in Gaming
Political Machine – The GamePolitical Machine – The Game Second Tutorial: brief exploration of Second Tutorial: brief exploration of
game demo game demo • familiarizing with map to explore familiarizing with map to explore
political landscapepolitical landscape
Brief BreakBrief Break
Day 3: 11:30am-11:45amDay 3: 11:30am-11:45am
Global Agenda Global Agenda WorkshopWorkshop
Final Project Discussion Final Project Discussion
Day 3: 11:45am-12:45pmDay 3: 11:45am-12:45pm
Example of a Hotspot StorylineExample of a Hotspot Storyline
Power Crisis in USPower Crisis in US
Gives a feel of how 1Gives a feel of how 1stst person person perspective can make you perspective can make you understand the situationunderstand the situation
Final Project ideasFinal Project ideas
An unexpected event takes place in An unexpected event takes place in your country…your country…
Time is running out 09:59
Internal Barometer is LOW
Sketches/Mock Sketches/Mock ups of interfaces ups of interfaces for the given for the given storylinestoryline
Game TreeGame Tree
War getting worse -War getting worse -due to oil resourcesdue to oil resources
You decide to go back to your officeYou decide to go back to your office
Increasing US casualties
Allies show unease
Civil riots
More Insurvencies
User Interfaces User Interfaces alternatives for the alternatives for the “meeting room” “meeting room” with advisorswith advisors
You decide to deploy more troopsYou decide to deploy more troops
People and markets are afraid (well-being index People and markets are afraid (well-being index and competitiveness index –stock market- go and competitiveness index –stock market- go down), and there is pressure for taking any sort of down), and there is pressure for taking any sort of course of action …course of action …
Report: Insurgents? Terrorists? Report: Insurgents? Terrorists? Choose location for ActionChoose location for Action
Source: US State Department (2001)
Inspection vs. InterventionInspection vs. Intervention
Options and related outcomes: Options and related outcomes:
Diplomacy vs. PowerDiplomacy vs. Power Global Community, UN and USGlobal Community, UN and US Fostering Dialogue vs. more terrorFostering Dialogue vs. more terror Time vs. CostsTime vs. Costs Unilateralist or BilateralismUnilateralist or Bilateralism
Course Wrap-UpCourse Wrap-Up
Day 3: 12:45am-1:00pmDay 3: 12:45am-1:00pm
Take AwaysTake Aways How can we understand the world in How can we understand the world in
different ways?different ways?• IR & Politics Education using GamingIR & Politics Education using Gaming
Digital simulations and gamesDigital simulations and games Entertainment can help educational goalsEntertainment can help educational goals
• Visualization as an important toolVisualization as an important tool• Final Project:Final Project:
Creating Storyline makes you analyze the global Creating Storyline makes you analyze the global impact of actionsimpact of actions
Getting concepts across to Getting concepts across to othersothers shows you how to shows you how to draw conclusions from the world around youdraw conclusions from the world around you
Think about effective visualization to communicateThink about effective visualization to communicate Create a tool for others to learn from Create a tool for others to learn from
Interactive Learning & Interactive Learning & Visualization Resources at MITVisualization Resources at MIT
Nazli ChoucriNazli Choucri• Course on Course on Computational PoliticsComputational Politics next year next year• Possible UROP opportunitiesPossible UROP opportunities• IAP course next yearIAP course next year
Philip Tan (CMS/Education Arcade)Philip Tan (CMS/Education Arcade)• [email protected]@mit.edu
Henry Jenkins (CMS)Henry Jenkins (CMS)• Courses – Game Theory and DesignCourses – Game Theory and Design
Mitch Resnick (Media Lab)Mitch Resnick (Media Lab)• Courses in MASCourses in MAS
Sherry Turkle (Science, Technology and Society)Sherry Turkle (Science, Technology and Society)• Initiative on Technology and the SelfInitiative on Technology and the Self
• Workshops on visualization: http://libraries.mit.edu/gis Workshops on visualization: http://libraries.mit.edu/gis
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Eric Klopfer (TEP)Eric Klopfer (TEP) Philip TanPhilip Tan Daniel SheenanDaniel Sheenan Lisa SweeneyLisa Sweeney Tobie WeinerTobie Weiner Kerry O'BrienKerry O'Brien