WHO/EDM/QSM/2003.1 Distr: GENERAL ENGLISH ONLY International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances Names for radicals & groups comprehensive list 2002 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy World Health Organization Geneva
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WHO/EDM/QSM/2003.1 Distr: GENERAL ENGLISH ONLY
International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances
Names for radicals & groups
comprehensive list
2002
Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines
Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy World Health Organization
Geneva
International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Names for radicals and groups : comprehensive list
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
WHO/EDM/QSM/2003.1 Distr: GENERAL ENGLISH ONLY
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE
International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances
Names for radicals & groups
comprehensive list
2002
Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines
Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy World Health Organization
Geneva
THE ORIGINAL AND SUBSEQUENT EDITION OF THIS DOCUMENT
HAD THE REFERENCE NUMBER WHO/PHARM S/NOM 1506
INN – Names for radicals & groups i TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
- Preface
iii
- Reference to the volumes of the WHO Drug Information in
which the respective proposed lists of INNs have been published
v
- Layout of information
vii
- Alphabetical list of names for radicals and groups
1-33
- ANNEX: Groups and elements that have been published
together with INNs
34
ii INN – Names for radicals & groups Acknowledgements The INN Secretariat wishes to express its gratitude to Professor R.C. Moreau, France, for his valuable contribution and to Dr R. Boudet-Dalbin, France, for his assistance in the preparation of this document. A special thank goes to Professor H. Favre, Canada, for review and correction of the English and French chemical definitions and to Mrs E. Cortés, Spain, for review and correction of the Spanish chemical definitions.
INN – Names for radicals & groups iii Preface WHO’S INN PROGRAMME WHO has a constitutional responsibility to "develop, establish and promote international standards with respect to biological, pharmaceutical and similar products". This is the basis for many activities within WHO, such as International Nonproprietary Names (INN), WHO Good Manufacturing Practices, the International Pharmacopoeia, the WHO Certification Scheme and many others. The section of the WHO specifically dealing with selection of International Nonproprietary Names for pharmaceutical substances falls under the Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy. The INN system as it exists today was initiated in 1950 by the World Health Assembly resolution WHA3.11 and began operating in 1953, when the first list of Nonproprietary Names for pharmaceutical substances was published. So far, some 8000 names have been designated as INNs, and this number is growing every year by some 120 – 150 new INNs. INNs are selected in close collaboration with national nomenclature commissions (e.g. BAN British Approved Name, DCF Dénomination Commune Française, DCIt Denominazione Comune Italiana, JAN Japanese Accepted Name, USAN United States Adopted Name etc.). Today, the INN Committee assumes the leading role in assigning generic names to drug substances. Instances where a national generic name for a new pharmaceutical substance is different from the INN are rare exceptions. INN SELECTION PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA A request for an INN is usually submitted on a form to the World Health Organization. In certain countries, where national nomenclature commissions exist, this is done through the corresponding national nomenclature authority. Precise information on the chemistry, pharmacological action and use, as well as suggested nonproprietary names, name and address of the manufacturer are to be provided on the form. Each name proposed by the originator of such a request is then examined and a name selected. All members of the WHO Expert Panel on the International Pharmacopoeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations designated to select nonproprietary names have to agree to the name which is then first published as a proposed INN. During a four-month period, any person can forward comments, or lodge a formal objection to a name, e.g. on grounds of similarity with a trade-name. If no objection is raised the name will be published a second time as recommended INN. The primary principles for selection are that an INN should be
- distinctive in sound and spelling, - not too long, - not liable to confusion with other names in common use.
INNs for substances belonging to a particular group of pharmacologically related substances show their relationship by the use of common stems, which are listed and defined in this document. In addition to the above rules, certain rules have been established to allow the use of INNs internationally, i.e. in various languages. For example, the letters "h” and "k" should be avoided; "e" should be used instead of "ae" and "oe", "i" instead of "y" and "t", "f" instead of "th" and "ph". Further information on the selection procedure and general principles in devising INNs may be found in the “Guidelines on the Use of International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) for
iv INN – Names for radicals & groups Pharmaceutical Substances” (WHO/PHARM S/NOM 1570).
INN – Names for radicals & groups v Reference to the volumes of the WHO Drug Information in which the respective proposed lists of INNs have been published: List no. and reference 1 Chron. Wld Hlth Org. 7: 299 (1953) 2 Chron. Wld Hlth Org. 8: 216 (1954) 3 Chron. Wld Hlth Org. 8: 313 (1954) 4 Chron. Wld Hlth Org 10: 28 (1956) 5 Chron. Wld Hlth Org. 11: 231 (1957) 6 Chron. Wld Hlth Org. 12: 102 (1958) 7 WHO chronicle 13: 105 (1959) 8 WHO chronicle 13: 152 (1959) 9 WHO chronicle 14: 168 (1960) 10 WHO chronicle 14: 244 (1960) 11 WHO chronicle 15: 314 (1961) 12 WHO chronicle 16: 385 (1962) 13 WHO chronicle 17: 389 (1963) 14 WHO chronicle 18: 433 (1964) 15 WHO chronicle 19: 446 (1965) 16 WHO chronicle 20: 216 (1966) 17 WHO chronicle 21: 70 (1967) 18 WHO chronicle 21: 478 (1967) 19 WHO chronicle 22: 112 (1968) 20 WHO chronicle 22: 407 (1968) 21 WHO chronicle 23: 183 (1969) 22 WHO chronicle 23: 418 (1969) 23 WHO chronicle 24: 119 (1970) 24 WHO chronicle 24: 413 (1970) 25 WHO chronicle 25: 123 (1971) 26 WHO chronicle 25: 415 (1971) 27 WHO chronicle 26: 121 (1972) 28 WHO chronicle 26: 414 (1972) 29 WHO chronicle 27: 120 (1973) 30 WHO chronicle 27: 380 (1973) 31 WHO chronicle 28: 133 (1974) 32 WHO chronicle 28: No. 9, suppl. (1974) 33 WHO chronicle 29: No. 3, suppl. (1975) 34 WHO chronicle 29: No. 9, suppl. (1975) 35 WHO chronicle 30: No. 3, suppl. (1976) 36 WHO chronicle 30: No. 9, suppl. (1976) 37 WHO chronicle 3l: No. 3, suppl. (1977) 38 WHO chronicle 31: No. 9, suppl. (1977) 39 WHO chronicle 32: No. 3, suppl. (1978) 40 WHO chronicle 32: No. 9, suppl. (1978) 41 WHO chronicle 33: No. 3, suppl. (1979) 42 WHO chronicle 33: No. 9, suppl. (1979) 43 WHO chronicle 34: No. 3, suppl. (1980) 44 WHO chronicle 34: No. 9, suppl. (1980)
List no. and reference 45 WHO chronicle 35: No. 3, suppl. (1981) 46 WHO chronicle 35: No. 5, suppl. (1981) 47 WHO chronicle 36: No. 2, suppl. (1982) 48 WHO chronicle 36: No. 5, suppl. (1982) 49 WHO chronicle 37: No. 2, suppl. (1983) 50 WHO chronicle 37: No. 5, suppl. (1983) 51 WHO chronicle 38: No. 2 suppl. (1984) 52 WHO chronicle 38: No. 4, suppl. (1984) 53 WHO chronicle 39: No. 1, suppl. (1985) 54 WHO chronicle 39: No. 4, suppl. (1985) 55 WHO chronicle 40: No. l, suppl. (1986) 56 WHO chronicle 40: No. 5, suppl. (1986) 57 WHO drug information 1: No. 2 (1987) 58 WHO drug information 1: No. 3 (1987) 59 WHO drug information 2: No. 2 (1988) 60 WHO drug information 2: No. 4 (1988) 61 WHO drug information 3: No. 2 (1989) 62 WHO drug information 3: No. 4 (1989) 63 WHO drug information 4: No. 2 (1990) 64 WHO drug information 4: No. 4 (1990) 65 WHO drug information 5: No. 2 (1991) 66 WHO drug information 5: No. 4 (1991) 67 WHO drug information 6: No. 2 (1992) 68 WHO drug information 6: No. 4 (1992) 69 WHO drug information 7: No. 2 (1993) 70 WHO drug information 7: No. 4 (1993) 71 WHO drug information 8: No. 2 (1994) 72 WHO drug information 8: No. 4 (1994) 73 WHO drug information 9: No. 2 (1995) 74 WHO drug information 9: No. 4 (1995) 75 WHO drug information 10: No. 2 (1996) 76 WHO drug information 10: No. 4 (1996) 77 WHO drug information 11: No. 2 (1997) 78 WHO drug information 11: No. 4 (1997) 79 WHO drug information 12: No. 2 (1998) 80 WHO drug information 12: No. 4 (1998) 81 WHO drug information 13: No. 2 (1999) 82 WHO drug information 13: No. 4 (1999) 83 WHO drug information 14: No. 2 (2000) 84 WHO drug information 14: No. 4 (2000) 85 WHO drug information 15: No. 2 (2001) 86 WHO drug information 16: No. 1 (2002)
vi INN – Names for radicals & groups
INN – Names for radicals & groups vii Layout of information Radical/Group Name (Latin) List of Proposed INN erbuminum (62) erbumine tert-butylamine
erbumine 1,1-diméthyléthylamine erbumina terc-butilamina C4H11N BAN JAN USAN
H3CO
H3C CH3
O
Chemical name (English, French, Spanish)
Molecular Formula Graphic Formula National Name(s) Radical/Group Name (English, French, Spanish)
viii INN – Names for radicals & groups
INN – Names for radicals & groups 1
INNs: Names for radicals and groups
Comprehensive list
Some substances for which a proposed International Nonproprietary Name has been established may be used in the form of salts or esters. The radicals or groups involved may be of complex composition and it is then inconvenient to refer to them in systematic chemical nomenclature. Consequently, shorter nonproprietary names for some radicals and groups have been devised or selected, and they are suggested for use with the proposed nonproprietary names. The following list contains radicals and groups which have been published either in the section "Names for radicals and groups" in lists 1-85 of proposed INNs or as part of a two-word INN in lists 1-85 of proposed and 1-45 of recommended INNs, respectively. Whenever a name appeared in both lists, reference is made to its publication only in the category "radicals and groups". Only one reference is given for groups and radicals published as part of a two-word name. Other groups and elements which have been published in two-word INNs and which may now be considered as being part of the INNM (modified INN) approach are listed in the ANNEX to this document. In addition, references to British Approved Name (BAN), Japanese Accepted Name (JAN) and United States Adopted Name (USAN) have been included for the radicals, groups and adducts published or accepted for use by these national nomenclature committees.
2 INN – Names for radicals & groups Latin name prop./rec. list English name chemical name Dénomination en français molecular formula Denominación en español graphic formula ( ) published as INN acefuras (dexamethasoni acefuras (57)(27))
(dorlimomabum aritoxum (66)(32)) aritox ricin A chain-MAB immunotoxine aritox immunotoxine obtenue par couplage du MAB avec la chaîne A de la ricine aritox inmunotoxina obtenida por acoplamiento del anticuerpo monoclonal
INN – Names for radicals & groups 7 buciclate trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate buciclate trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate buciclato trans-4-butilciclohexanocarboxilato C11H19O2
INN – Names for radicals & groups 9 clofibrol 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropyl clofibrol 2-(4-chlorophénoxy)-2-méthylpropyle clofibrol 2-(4-clorofenoxi)-2-metilpropilo C10H12ClO
Cl crobefas (61) crobefate rac-{3-[(3E)-4-methoxybenzylidene]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chroman- 6-yl phosphate(2-)} crobéfate rac-{phosphate(2-) de 3-[(3E)-4-méthoxybenzylidène]- 2-(4-méthoxyphényl)chroman-6-yle} crobefato rac-{fosfato(2-) de 3-[(3E)-4-metoxibenciliden]- 2-(4-metoxifenil)croman-6-ilo} C24H19O8P
JAN
H3CO
O
O
OP
O
O-
O-
H
H3CO
and enantiomeret énantiomèrey enantiómero
cromacas (22)
10 INN – Names for radicals & groups cromacate 2-[(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7yl)oxy]acetate cromacate 2-[(6-hydroxy-4-méthyl-2-oxo-2H-chromén-7-yl)oxy]acétate cromacato 2-[(6-hidroxi-4-metil-2-oxo-2H-cromen-7-il)oxi]acetato C12H9O6
INN – Names for radicals & groups 37 sesquioleate (9E)-octadec-9-enoate(1.5) sesquioléate (9E)-octadéc-9-énoate(1,5) sesquioleato (9E)-octadec-9-enoato(1.5) 3/2 · (C18H33O2) H3C CO2
38 INN – Names for radicals & groups trioleate (9E)-octadec-9-enoate(3) or tris[(9E)-octadec-9-enoate] trioléate (9E)-octadéc-9-énoate(3) ou tris[(9E)-octadéc-9-énoate] trioleato (9E)-octadec-9-enoato(3) o tris[(9E)-octadec-9-enoato] 3 . (C18H33O2) H3C CO2
-3 tristearas tristearate octadecanoate(3) or tris(octadecanoate) tristéarate octadécanoate(3) ou tris(octadécanoate) triéstearato octadecanoato(3) o tris(octadecanoato) 3 . (C18H35O2)
valeras valerate pentanoate valérate pentanoate valerato pentanoato C5H9O2 CO2
-H3C
* * * * * * * * *
WHY INNs? Since the number of drug substances being registered during the last decades is constantly increasing, there is a strong need to ensure the identification of each pharmaceutical compound by a unique, universally available and accepted name. The existence of an international nomenclature system for pharmaceutical products is crucial for the clear identification, safe prescription and dispensing of medicines to patients, and for communication and exchange of information among health professionals and scientists worldwide. An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) identifies a pharmaceutical substance by a unique name that is globally recognized and is public property. A nonproprietary name is also known as a generic name. Generic names are intended to be used in pharmacopoeias, labeling, advertising, drug regulation and scientific literature.