PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE This article was downloaded by: [INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS] On: 22 March 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 913092642] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Geographical Information Science Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713599799 Research on the Urban Influence Domains in China Shumin Liang a a Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China First published on: 04 November 2008 To cite this Article Liang, Shumin(2009) 'Research on the Urban Influence Domains in China', International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23: 12, 1527 — 1539, First published on: 04 November 2008 (iFirst) To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/13658810802363614 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810802363614 Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
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PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
This article was downloaded by: [INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS]On: 22 March 2010Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 913092642]Publisher Taylor & FrancisInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
International Journal of Geographical Information SciencePublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713599799
Research on the Urban Influence Domains in ChinaShumin Liang a
a Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
First published on: 04 November 2008
To cite this Article Liang, Shumin(2009) 'Research on the Urban Influence Domains in China', International Journal ofGeographical Information Science, 23: 12, 1527 — 1539, First published on: 04 November 2008 (iFirst)To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/13658810802363614URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810802363614
Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf
This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial orsystematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply ordistribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contentswill be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug dosesshould be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss,actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directlyor indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Shijiazhuang are the 16th–23rd; Haikou is the 50th, Yinchuan is 121st (figure 1,
table 1). The urban group rank in Figure 1 represents the rank of China’s
megalopolis clusters by total urban population in the contiguous regions.
According to Jean Gottmann’s definition in 1957, total population must be more
than 25 million for megalopolis; China have three megalopolises that have surpassed
this criterion.
4. Spatial patterns of China’s urban influence domain
The distribution map of urban influence domains in China (figure 2) is generated
through dissolving and merging of the influence domain attribute for each cell in
GIS. Through reading the map, we can find the distribution characteristics for the
city influence domains in China:
(1) The city influence domain in the regions with more developed urbanization
is closer to the standard Christaller hexagon, such as the Chang (Yangtze)
River Delta region (figure 3). The urban population of adjacent cities,
Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, are close to each other. The division lines for
urban influence domains are perpendicular straight lines between the
neighborhood cities.
Figure 1. Distribution map of urban gravitational field, megalopolis clusters, and economiczones in China. Urban group rank refers to the total urban population in the contiguousregions for China’s megalopolis clusters. Data source: China City Statistical Yearbook 2004.
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(2) With less developed urbanization, the shape of city’s influence domain for
the western, northern, and north-western regions in China is dominated by
circular. The size and shape of the domains are affected by the distribution
pattern of the large cities nearby, such as Beijing, Chongqing, and Urumqi.
Table 1. The largest 15 megalopolis clusters in China sorted by population (source: ChinaCity Statistical Yearbook 2004).
Rank ofmegalopolisclusters
Population formegalopolis
clusters, 10,000 City number Head city Other major cities
Figure 2. Distribution map of urban influence domains in China. Source: China CityStatistical Yearbook 2004.
Urban influence domains in China 1533
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(3) The influence domain of mega-cities is larger, and it often compresses the
domains for adjacent small and medium-sized cities; the compression effects
to the vicinity small and medium-sized city domains by Chengdu, Wuhan
are obvious.
(4) Large cities adjacent to the Qing-Zang Plateau, deserts, mountains and high
latitude regions have extreme large domains, such as Xining, Lhasa, and
Korla in Xinjiang.
(5) Small and medium-sized cities locating in the regions with high city density
have smaller domain extent, the small cities in the vicinity of large cities have
the smallest domain extent, such as the influence domain for small and
medium-sized cities in the Zhu (Pearl) River Delta are compressed by
regional large cities, the domain for Langfang is compressed by Beijing and
Tianjin, and the domain for Zhangqiu is compressed by Jinan and Zibo in
Shandong.
As the urban population and economic strength are different, and the spatial
distribution of cities also have no geometric regularity, thus the influence domain for
each city is not the same. The geometry appearance for each city’s influence domain
can be broadly classified into three categories:
(1) In the circumstances where the adjacent cities have about the same
population and economic strength, the two influence domains have
perpendicular bisector boundaries, such as Suzhou and Wuxi.
(2) In the circumstances where the population and economic strength difference
between adjacent cities is not large, the influence domain for the larger city
Figure 3. Distribution map of urban influence domains in Chang(Yangtze) River Delta.Source: China City Statistical Yearbook 2004.
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semi-sieges the influence domain for the smaller city, such as Guangzhou
semi-sieges Dongguan, and Beijing semi-sieges Tianjin.
(3) In the circumstances where the population and economic strength difference
between adjacent cities is large, the influence domain for the larger city
entirely surrounds the influence domain for the smaller city, such as Beijing
surrounds the domains for Zhangjiakou, Chengde and Baoding.
Based on the basic shape mentioned above, many geometric shapes for influence
domain can be derived in accordance with different city size and specific spatial
pattern of the cities: (1) the shape of influence domain for a smaller city locating in
the middle of two larger cities may be convex lens-shaped, such as Xingtai between
Shijiazhuang and Handan, and Yangquan between Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan; (2)
the shape of influence domain for a medium-sized city locating in the middle of a
larger city and a smaller city may be crescent-shaped, such as Zhangye betweenJiuquan and Wuwei, Aksu between Urumqi and Kashgar; (3) the influence domains
for three cities with different size magnitude may form the phenomena of medium-
sized domain surrounding smaller domain, while it is surrounded by larger domain,
for example the influence domain of Urumqi surrounds Kuitun’s, and the Kuitun’s
surrounds Wusu’s, the domains of Chengdu, Mianyang and Jiangyou also have the
phenomenon of double surrounding; and (4) the extension of some large cities’
influence domain may lead to the formation of dumbbell-shaped geometry for their
influence domains, such as Handan in Hebei and Guigang in Guangxi.
The economic zone’s boundary can be delineated based on the urban influence
domain through GIS. Firstly, we dissolve and merge the urban influence domains
into 34 regions in accordance with the provincial boundaries, then merge theprovincial domains into 13 economic zones according to their natural and economic
locations. The economic zones delineated according to natural conditions in China
are normally eight regions as Northeast, Northern, Central, Southern, Southwest,
Midwest, Qing-Zang, and Xinjiang. Five regions are divided into two parts
according to their economic locations. For example, Northeast, Northern, Central
are divided according to their relative location to the coast, Southern is divided
according to their relative location to Taiwan and Xianggang, and Southwest is
divided according to their access to Chang River navigation route.
Finally the boundary between adjacent zones can be modified through integrating
and trimming, based on the principle of dissolving the completely encircled domains,
and by taking account of the transportation lines’ effect on the delineation of
economic zones.
The economic zone delineation results can be read in table 2. According to the
sorting sequence of the economic zones, the zones from large to small by area are
Northern Southwest (NSW, 2.24 million km2), Far West Inland (FWI, 1.62 mil-lion km2), Northern Northeast (NNE, 0.96 million km2), Midwest Inland (MWI),
Coastal North China (CNC), Inland Central China (ICC), Inland North China
(INC), Western South China (WSC), Southern Southwest (SSW), Coastal Central
China (CCC), Qing-Zang Plateau (QZP), Southern Northeast (SNE), and the
smallest Eastern South China (ESC, 0.13 million km2). The zones from more to less
by population are Coastal Central China (CCC, 84.39 million persons), Coastal
North China (CNC, 72.93 million persons), Western South China (WSC,
72.18 million persons), Inland Central China (ICC), Inland North China (INC),Northern Southwest (NSW), Northern Northeast (NNE), Southern Northeast
(SNE), Eastern South China (ESC), Midwest Inland (MWI), Southern Southwest
Urban influence domains in China 1535
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(SSW), Far West Inland (FWI), and the least Qing-Zang Plateau (QZP, 1.43 million
persons). The zones from high to low by population density are Coastal Central
China (CCC, 241.7 persons/km2), Western South China (WSC, 152.2 persons/km2),
Eastern South China (ESC, 137.6 persons/km2), Southern Northeast (SNE), Coastal
North China (CNC), Inland Central China (ICC), Inland North China (INC),