International Affairs Volume 64 Issue 3 1988 [Doi 10.2307%2F2622876] Review by- A. S. Cohan -- Bureaucracy.by David Beetham

7/25/2019 International Affairs Volume 64 Issue 3 1988 [Doi 10.2307%2F2622876] Review by- A. S. Cohan -- Bureaucracy.by

1/3

Bureaucracy. by David BeethamReview by: A. S. CohanInternational Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 64, No. 3 (Summer,1988), pp. 482-483Published by: Wileyon behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs

Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2622876.Accessed: 27/01/2015 22:25

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of

content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms

of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

WileyandRoyal Institute of International Affairsare collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend

access toInternational Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Tue, 27 Jan 2015 22:25:10 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

7/25/2019 International Affairs Volume 64 Issue 3 1988 [Doi 10.2307%2F2622876] Review by- A. S. Cohan -- Bureaucracy.by

2/3

482

BOOK

REVIEWS

The capitalist

evolution:

fifty ropositions

bout

prosperity,quality

nd

liberty. y

Peter

L. Berger.Aldershot, ants: Wildwood

House. 1987.

262pp.

ndex. Pb.: ?6.95. ISBN 0 7045

0558 4.

IN THIS fascinating

ook Peter

Berger

ontinues is

ociological nvestigationnto henature f

capitalism, efined yhim s production or market y enterprisingndividuals rcombines

with hepurpose

f

making profit p. 19).

His

purpose

here s to draw

heoutline fa theory

concerning

herelation etween

apitalism

nd

society

n

the

modernworld

p. 3), and hedoes

this by developing some fifty ropositions

bout this

relationship

n the

course

of

his

argument-for nstance,

Industrial

apitalism

as

generated

he

greatest roductive ower

n

human history p. 36).

The

propositions

re drawn

from wide-ranging nd interesting

discussion

hat

ncompasses

most

f

the classic themes nd debates n the

nature

f

capitalism.

The discussion

overs conomic

materialismnd

efficiency,lass,political

ibertiesnd

personal

liberation, evelopment,

nd the

nature f industrial

ocialism .However,Berger as extended

his analysis oexplain hephenomenon

f

whathe calls

East

Asian

capitalism , hich

he

argues

provides

second

case ,

an

opportunity

o assess

capitalism

utside he onfines f

tsWestern

geographicalnd historicalrigins. he use of hissecondcase giveshim he hance o separate

the impact

of

capitalism

from

that

of

modernization.

And this allows him

to draw his

conclusions

much

more

firmly.

Each

of

Berger s

50

propositions

s

designed

o be

empirically

establewithin n

implicit

Popperianmethodology

f

falsifiability,

nd

he

is

very

areful ot to set

up relationships

nd

entities

by

definition.

he

net

result

s a book

unusual

in

its

construction nd

clarity

f

reasoning,

hich

n

effectets ut

an ambitious esearch

rogramme

n

thebasisofthe mpirical

testing

f his

propositions.

Many

readers fthis ournal

may egitimately

sk

why

tudents

f

nternational

ffairshould

devote proportion

f their

ncreasinglyrecious

eading

ime o a book on

capitalism ritten

by a sociologist.Although

am not one of thosewho

argue

hat

more

ociology s necessarily

good for n understandingf nternationalffairs,hisbook is both relevant nd interesting

sociology.

The

time

when

the

analysis

of

capitalism

ould

be

safely eft o Marxists nd

sociologists

s

long past.

If

we as

students

eeking

n

understanding

f

nternationalelations

cannot

r do not

take

n board

he

nsights

nd

understandingrovided

rom ther

pproaches,

in

the time-honoured

radition

f nternational

elations,ur

studieswill

become ncreasingly

left ehind.Not

that his ook s the

nswer: or

me,Berger smethodologyssuspect, is ackof

discussion

f

politics

venmore

o,

and his

continued

ocus

on

thenational s

opposed

to the

international

spects

of

capitalism nsatisfactory.

ut

whether

ne

accepts

he

argument ut

forward

ere s not the

point.

The book cannotbe

ignored

because t is

about

a

key part

of

internationalelations,

nd

because

t

attempts

o

beginconstructingtheoretical ramework

within

which the

linkages

between

economic,

technological, ocial, political

and cultural

elements fcapitalism an be moreadequatelyunderstood p. 31).

North

taffordshireolytechnic

ROGER ToOZE

Bureaucracy.

ByDavid Beetham.

MiltonKeynes:Open University

ress.1987. 137pp.

ndex.

ISBN

0 335 15372 0. Pb.: ISBN

0 335 15371 2.

THIS SLIM

volume turnsout to contain

rathermore than

a readermight xpect. Professor

Beetham

argues that

a variety f factors

may lead anti-democratic

endencies

o occur in

bureaucratic

dministration,

uttheres nothingnherent

n thenature fbureaucracy o

bring

this bout.A better ndication fthedegree fbureaucraticself nclosure ikely o occur na

community

s the extent o which

political

nstitutions pt

for

secrecy

over opennessand

manipulative

ctions o

meet heparticular

oalsof thecommunity.

he converse f

this-an

open policy

process,

visible nd participatory-will

esult

n an absenceof such bureaucratic

drawing

n .

To

reach

his

onclusion,

he uthor

ooks first t some models

of

bureaucracy.

e identifies

three uchmodels:

first he ociological

r

Weberian;

econd,

he

political conomy

model;

and

third,

he public

administration odel.

In all of

these

he examines he dea of administrative

efficiency,

nd

suggests

hedifferent

eanings

hat he erm

mplies

or

ach.

He

then

urns o

theories

fbureaucratic

ower,focusing

n

theWeberian

nd Marxist

iews,

nd

argues

hat

he

This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Tue, 27 Jan 2015 22:25:10 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

7/25/2019 International Affairs Volume 64 Issue 3 1988 [Doi 10.2307%2F2622876] Review by- A. S. Cohan -- Bureaucracy.by

3/3

Politics, conomics

nd social

483

analyst ust onsider

he

ocial

ndhistoricalontext

n

which

bureaucracy

s

found ecauset

is

from

hat

ontexthat hebureaucratic

rganization

erives

hat

ower

t

has.

Concluding

thatach

pproach

gnores

hat

he

ther as

o

ay,

e

rgueshat,

aken

ogether,

oth

ive s

insightsnto

henature fbureaucratic

ower.

eetham

oncludes

is

bookwith

chaptern

bureaucracynd democraticheorynwhich heview uggestedtthe utsets expanded.

This s

a

very eadable

ork

with nice ine

f

rgument

bout

what

ureaucracies

ay r

may

not

become.What

the

book

is

not, however,

s

a

nuts-and-bolts

xamination

f

bureaucracy.

twill e

a most seful

ntroductory

ext or he

tudy

f

heoriesf

bureaucracy

f

taken n tandem ith more

mpiricaliece.

Universityf

Lancaster

A.

S. COHAN

The process fpolitical uccession.

dited

by

PeterCalvert. London:

Macmillan. 987.289pp.

Index.

?33.00.

ISBN

0 333 42401 8.

PETER CALVERT S

book comprises setofpapers resentedotheECPR workshop n political

succession held

at

Salzburg

n

April

1984.

The

papers range widely. Specific tudies are

addressed

o

the patterns

f

political

uccessionwithin

uch

diverse ountries

nd regions s

Western

urope,

theBaltic

during

he

nterwar

eriod,

Turkey,

ld and

new,

the

oviet

Union,

thePeople s Republic

of

China, Nigeria,

and

Argentina.

General ssues are embraced

n

the

introductorynd concluding ieces by Peter Calvert;there s a formal ublic-choice heory

analysis

of

successor election;

nd

there s also an

anthropological pproachto succession

management

nd

legitimization.

There

s

much

of

interest

n

many

of

the ndividual ontributions.

he effectiveness

f

the

collection

s

a whole is, however,

ess clear.

Anyshortcomings

f the

volume risefrom wo

related ources.The first

s

that he declared

focus s

upon a process,which generates hree

difficulties.irst, hougheast mportant,he mpiricaltudies renot ctually llfocused pon

the

processes

f

political uccession;

ome

chapters

etain his

focus,

but the

emphasis

within

others

ends

n

two

related,

but

distinct,

irections: owards he

sources

f the

changes hat

precedepolitical uccession,

r towards

heconsequences

nd

effects

f

succession nce it has

takenplace. Secondly, process

focus

ncourages

somewhat

mechanistic

lavourn a

number

of

the empirical

tudies.

And

thirdly, process

focus

encounters erious theoretical

ssues

concerningherelationship

etween

processes

nd

substantive

evelopments

n

political ife.

The implication

s that

here

s

an

mportant

ink

between uccession

rocess

nd

substance, ut

as

this

remains

mplicit

t

generates

he

kind

of

conservative

tmosphere

ften dentifiedn

functionalistnalyses.

The secondproblem

rea

s

related

o the

first,

utnarrows own to

the

onceptual

tatus nd

centralityfthenotionofpolitical uccession tself.As entertainednthisvolume, histerm

embraces hange

n

the

dentity

f the

political eaders, hange

f

government,

nd

change

f

basic

regime.

Process

approaches

o

political nalysis ncourage

uch

xpansive ategories,

ut

their

ery xpansiveness ecessarily ubmerges

he

political

contextwithinwhich

processes

occur,

nd

mpedes

he

development

f

uch

xplanatory

heory

f ubstantive

evelopments

s

is

possible.

Such

reservations

part,

there s much n The

process fpolitical

uccession

hatwill be of

interesto more

dvanced tudents

oth

f

comparativeolitics

n

general

nd of

the

politics

f a

number

f countries nd

regions

n

particular.

UniversityfReading

R.J.BARRYJ

ONES

State responsibilitynd

the

direct roadcast atellite.

y

Marika

Natasha Taishoff. ondon:

Pinter.1987. 203pp.

Index.

?20.00.

ISBN

0 86187 7004.

ONE ASPECT ofthe

far-reachingmplications

f

modern

echnology

s the

growingnterdepend-

ence of states

nd societies

ecauseof new

methods

f

nformation

nd

communication. part

from he on-line ransport f data, this

s

especially rue

n

the spreadof new media of mass

communication

n

general

nd

the

development

f the

directbroadcast

satellite DBS)

in

particular. atellites, ositioned

n the

geostationaryrbit,

an cover

up to

40

per centof the

This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Tue, 27 Jan 2015 22:25:10 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions