Interferometer: An insight in Gravitational Waves

INTERFEROMETER

TAMOGHNA SAHAElectronics & Communication Engineering Department

3rd Year

Advanced LIGO L : Laser

I : Interferometer

G : Gravitational wave

O : ObservatoryLouisiana

Washington

WHAT IS AN INTERFEROMETER? Device in which EM waves are superimposed in order to extract information about the wave.

Astronomy Fibre Optics Optical MetrologyOceanography Seismology SpectroscopyQuantum Mechanics Nuclear and Particle Physics

Plasma Physics Remote Sensing

Two waves with the same frequency combine pattern phase

WHAT IS GRAVITATIONAL WAVE? Ripples in space-time that propagate out at the speed of light

Colossal cosmic collisions and stellar explosions can rattle space-time itself

Einstein first predicted it in his General Theory of Relativity.

After 100 years, his prediction came true. It was detected in 14th September, 2015.

WHAT ARE IT’S SOURCES?

HOW ARE THEY DETECTED?

WHAT’S SO SPECIAL ABOUT IT? Big Bang 13 billion years ago To see something 13 billion light years away, we must capture light that began its journey 13 billion years ago. For the first 13,800 years of the universe, light could not break free It was DENSE and MURKY.

Gravitational waves was there. We can analyse the property of the early universe.

INTERFEROMETRY: APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE

Newton Interferometer is frequently used in the optical industry for testing the quality of surfaces as they are being shaped and figured.

In telecommunications, wavelength-division multiplexing depends on filtering devices that are thin-film etalons.

Mach-Zehnder Interferometers are the basis of a wide variety of devices, from RF modulators to sensors to optical switches.

Ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) and fibre optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are interferometers used in navigation systems.

High precision examination of surface topography in the field of micro-electronic and micro-optic fabrication.

Holographic Interferometry is a technique which uses holography to monitor small deformations in single wavelength implementations. In multi-wavelength implementations, it is used to perform dimensional metrology of large parts and assemblies and to detect larger surface defects.

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), also known as TV holography, uses video detection and recording to produce an image of the object upon which is superimposed a fringe pattern which represents the displacement of the object between recordings.

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a radar technique used in geodesy and remote sensing. Satellite synthetic aperture radar images of a geographic feature are taken on separate days, and changes that have taken place between radar images taken on the separate days are recorded as fringes. The technique can monitor centimetre-millimetre scale deformation resulting from earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides, and also has uses in structural engineering.

THANK YOU

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