Interaksi Kampung

interaksikampung

C O N N E C T I V I T Y U R B A N F R A M E W O R K

B E T W E E N A N D B E Y O N D V I L L A G E S

LIA SPARINGGA | AMALIA DEVITASARI | YUSAK HARTANTO | ANDRE MALANNATACHA SOFIA | JEZAMINE | MARIA ROLDAN | AHMED KHALIL | BRENDAN

projectoverviewThe rapid expansion of urbanized areas poses a signif icant and intricate plan-ning challenge. Cit ies wor ldwide – par t ic-ular ly those in developing countr ies – are growing past their boundaries, rather than densi fy ing within them.

In order to plan for th is imminent expansion i t is necessary to come up with a f rame-work for i ts development.

The purpose of th is study is to, based on the study of Waru vi l lage, create a general plan that can be easi ly appl ied to the are-as undergoing simi lar s i tuat ions near Solo Ci ty.

A R E A

P O P U L A T I O N

63.5 hectares

5,936

waruvillage

The vi l lage of Waru is located to the South West of Solo Ci ty. I t ’s development is the resul t of the growth and eventual merger of two smal l v i l lag-es, Nlondo and Karanglo, dur ing the post Dutch colonizat ion (1600s).

Home for almost 7000 inhabitants, Waru Kampung is a relat ively calm area located in Solo’s south-ern per iphery, wi th a unique ident i ty, enclosing a good sense of belonging to i ts inhabitants.

“I was born here and I love living here and visiting other villages, but I have to go to Solo to get to the hospital

or the market.”- Mother and housewife

“It takes around 45 minutes to get from

Solo to here.“- Mother

waruvillageA N D I T S S U R R O U N D I N G S

After independence, the plots of land were passed on to the workers and farmers, who built the first house there. Division of the plots of land.

During the colonial era, the blocks used to be paddy fields.

Roads were paved for ac-cess.

Densification of plots with expansion of the owner’s family. Empty spaces still exist in the form of courtyards, farms and plantations.

Gathering of commercial activity along main roads - families started their home businesses and businesses which need-ed accessibility to the city were located along the main road.

W A R U ’ S G R O W T H

2 0 0 0 2 0 1 61 9 4 51 9 0 01 6 0 0

First house Houses of family BusinessesConstruction worksOpen spaces / plantations

urbanexpansion In the last decades, Waru’s spatial expansion is barely recognizable; sti l l enclosed by its natural canals which act as the area’s natural borders.

However, the v i l lage has increasingly densi f ied within the plots of land owned by the people, a long with growing fam-i l ies and their needs.

W I T H I N B L O C K S

house extensions

There are di fferent housing typologies and di fferent land uses in the gr id- l ike pattern of the Kampung. Houses are laid out in different ways about the plots of land, giving rise to corridors and courtyards.

These show extensions that househ olds have added on to the exist ing bui ldings to serve increasing needs of the a household.

housetypologiesH O U S E

P O R C H

YA R D

C O U R T YA R D

Houses grow along with its family.

W I T H I N H O U S E S

growinghousesHouses grow along with its family and their needs. Commercial extensions like provision shops and cafes are prevalent along the main horizontal roads and road junctions. These spaces also become public spaces for the neighbouring community.

G R O W I N G F A M I L I E S A N D N E E D S

B L O C K 1 B L O C K 2

W I T H I N B L O C K S

92 m

53 m

89 m

55 m

Total land area: 2911 m^2Occupied : 1345 m^2Unoccupied : 1566 m^2% available land: 54%

# of houses: 12

General info (approximate):

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

# of houses: 151 o�ce1 kindergarden with playground1 shop

75 m

32 m

89 m

38 m

# of houses: 24



House

Front Lawn

Vacant space

New house

land area: 5593 m^2Occupied : 2181 m^2Unoccupied : 3412 m^2% available land: 61%

10 20 30 40 50meters

Public Facilities

General:

92 m

53 m

89 m

55 m


# of houses: 12




75 m

32 m

89 m

38 m

# of houses: 24



House

Front Lawn

Vacant space

New house


10 20 30 40 50meters

Public Facilities

General:

Vil lage within a vi l lage

No.of houses: No.of houses: No.of houses:

The people bui ld close to the exist ing houses. There are st i l l empty spaces which act as cour tyards and corr idors be-tween the houses.

2412 15No.of houses:

28

92 m

53 m

89 m

55 m


# of houses: 12




75 m

32 m

89 m

38 m

# of houses: 24



House

Front Lawn

Vacant space

New house


10 20 30 40 50meters

Public Facilities

General:

92 m

53 m

89 m

55 m


# of houses: 12




75 m

32 m

89 m

38 m

# of houses: 24



House

Front Lawn

Vacant space

New house


10 20 30 40 50meters

Public Facilities

General:

89 m

92 m

53

m

55

m

Land area

5593 m2

1 office 1 kindergarten with playground 1 shop

Land area

2911 m2Occupied

2181 m2Occupied

1345 m2Unoccupied

3412 m2Unoccupied

1566 m2Available landAvailable land

61%54%

blocklayouts

“In a family, it’s very common for the father to work as a farmer and for the mother to work in the batik business.”- Housewife

M I X E D L A N D U S E

Although most bui ldings are residen-t ia l , you wi l l f ind that there are many di fferent uses, such as workshops, smal l markets and others.

Many houses combine between resi-dent ia l and owned business; s ince most of the inhabitants of th is area are sel f employed doing smal l home businesses.

You wi l l f ind for example ladies sewing and producing bat ik, t radi t ional java-nese clothing, cooking and producing spices, rais ing birds and ducks, and other act iv i t ies that take place inside the resident ia l bui ldings.

There are also several di fferent pub-l ic faci l i t ies in the Kampung, such as Mosques, schools, open unused areas, local administrat ive off ices and farms.

Most people are ei ther farmers, animal breeders or have their own business act iv i t ies at their homes.

The dominant occupations of Waru village are:

1. Agriculture 2, Home goods industry3. Street vendors

facesofwaru

M A I N R O A D M A I N R O A D M A I N S I D E R O A D SM A I N R O A D M A I N R O A D S E C O N D A R Y S I D E R O A D S

M A I N S I D E R O A DM A I N R O A DM A I N R O A D M A I N S I D E R O A D S + M U LT I - U S E S PA C E S

I N N E R B L O C K D I S T R I B U T I O N A L L E Y S

streethierarchyThe street network of Waru Village contains a

variety of street types, based on the people who use them and the functions that surround them.

streetlifeW O R K - H O M E

The people of Waru village compris-es largely of home-based entrepre-neurs, farmers and street vendors. They are commonly found along the

main roads which the people use to access to and fro from the city,

as well as along roads that connect between different villages.

“I moved here a year ago. Land prices are cheap here so it is easier to start my business.”- Bat ik workshop owner

“I love how quiet and peaceful the

village is. Here, everyone knows

and helps each other.”- Housewife

waruvillageWaru Kampung has a unique ident i ty, enclosing a good sense of belonging to i ts inhabitants. In the last 15 or 20 years, the Kampung’s development has densi f ied within the natural boundaries, leading to a var iety of housing typologies and land uses within and between di fferent plots of land.

However, there are several def ic iencies in the Kampung’s connect iv i ty wi th the inner ci ty of Solo, due to the l imi ted amount and poor qual i ty of streets.

With most of the infrastructure instal led and publ ic faci l i t ies in the area, Waru Kampung provides a very good oppor tuni ty for fur ther development, to present a prototype to other s imi lar areas.

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

urbanexpansion

Without any plans or regulations, a city can grow out of control. Unorganized urban growth can lead to unhealthy lifestyles, and damage to environment.

Most planners try to predict and organize the expansion of cities, hoping to be able to control it. However, sometimes small towns and villages in the outskirts of ex-panding cities are negatively affected in this expansion process.

As a consequence, these villages lose their identity, values and culture.

UNCONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT

Demand for infrastructure Increases basic development pat-terns of the village Demand for better connectivity development of the roads, and a natural flow betweem existing roads

Traffic congestion

Greater demand for public services and public infrastructure

Farmland is overtaken by motonous private compounds

Cost and delays due to construction on large scale

F U T U R E : T Y P E S O F G R O W T H

First house Houses of family Commercial activity Built up areaConstruction works Leftover spaceOpen spaces / plantations

T H E F U T U R E

GATED COMMUNITIES

However, while villages develop and densify, Solo City expands with the characteristics of the new trend of private-gated compounds.

These compounds pose a threat to the identity, sense of community and even the existence of adjacent villages. Moreover, their development could lead to negative impacts such as:

Using timeline analysis, it is possible to foresee 2 different types of development and their impacts on the physical layout and the character of the villages in the area.

“I wouldn’t want to sell

my paddy field because many

people would lose their jobs.”

- Vi l lager

“I don’t really like the new developments at the paddy fields. They took my play

ground away.”- Widya, 12 years old

MAIN

PERIPHERAL INTER-VILLAGE

W A R U V I L L A G E

F U T U R E V I L L A G E

ECO-CULTURAL CORRIDOR

Dependent on Solo for public services

Densifying land plots lead to lack of public open space

Monotonous developer housing surrounds and isolates villages

Traffic congestionmore and more people need to commute to Solo

Interdependent network of local amenities (schools, mosques, health-care, markets, entertainment)

Public Street scapes Peripheral roads with public spaces and amenities shared by adjacent villages

Diverse Economya eco-cultural corridor network of unique local industries (ie.Batik) that promote eco-tourism and farmland preservation

Improved circulationStreet hierarchy Pedestrian-friendly streets as public space for children, encouraging streetside activity

To extend existing street network for greater connectivity

To pedestrianize internal streets as public space to create vibrant roadsides unique to local culture

Improving accessibility and internal network to support potential of local industry

To provide alternative route for villagers to commute to city

To increase demand for and encourage public transport to city

To encourage inter-village interaction with shared public spaces and services

Steering the physical development of streets as a way to preserve and support the people’slifestyles, cultural identities, local economic development and inter-village relationships.

To strengthen and sustain a v i l lage’s cul tural ident i ty and local economic development

To al low vi l lages to fur ther develop own ident i t ies wi th their unique sets of ski l ls and cul ture

To al low kampungs to depend on one another for dai ly needs and suppl ies

interaksikampung

E X T E N D E D C O N N E C T I V I T Y

L O C A L I N D U S T R YE C O - C U LT U R A L C O R R I D O R

S H A R E D P U B L I C A M E N I T I E S N E T W O R K

O U R V I S I O N

We envis ion a kampung network that uni tes the var ious and future v i l lages and develop-ments in the area.

By doing so, unique vi l lage ident i t ies could be developed, strengthened and empowered.

K A M P U N G N E T W O R K : B E T W E E N V I L L A G E S A N D B E Y O N D

0 0.5km 1km

extendedconnectivity

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C I T Y < - > H O M E V I L L A G E < - > V I L L A G E

extendedconnectivityWithout any plans or regulat ions, a ci ty can grow out of control .

Our approach focuses on:

Fur ther development of the v i l lage

Extension of existing street networks to greater en-able connectivity not only within the village but also between neighboring villages.

E X PA N S I O N F R A M E W O R K

L I N E S O F C I R C U L A T I O N L I N E S O F A C C E S S

Z O O M - O U T : A L T E R N A T I N G G R I D S

Future connect ions wi th surrounding areas through an alternating pattern of main and peripheral roads that connects adjacent v i l lages

O N E U N I T : T H E G R I D

The exist ing gr id is made up of main circulat ion roads sur-

rounding internal access roads.

S H A R E D P U B L I C A M E N I T I E S

S T R E E T H I E R A R C H YC O N N E C T I V I T Y & S A F E S T R E E T S

L O C A L I N D U S T R YE C O - C U LT U R A L C O R R I D O R

Inter-v i l lage roadsEco-cul tural corr idorInternal pedestr ian roads

W A R U

V I L L A G E

F U T U R E

V I L L A G E

F U T U R E

V I L L A G E

C L O S E - U P : S T R E E T F U N C T I O N S

Commercial bel tPubl ic amenit ies network

withinthenetwork

Developed to faci l i tate main f low of t raff ic through vi l lage and to-wards Solo Ci ty. Offers access to v i l lages and encourages econom-ic development along this stretch

Provides access from main road to neighbourhoods. Vehicles dominate over pedestr ians. Pedestr ian l i fe spi l ls onto the roadside.

I N T E R - V I L L A G E M A I N

streethierarchyOur proposal on the development of the street network involves the development of certain types of existing roads.

This avoids having to construct addit ional infra-structure. Especial ly when i t comes to roads, th is is crucial as the general pattern involv ing street patterns is that i t is normal ly an i r reversible pro-cess.

By developing fur ther the current infrastructure, the cost of development is also great ly reduced without uproot ing the basic forms of infrastructure (piping, circui t l ines).

provides access into junct ions between neigh-bourhoods. Pedestr ians dominate over vehicles.

streets are completely pedestr ianized into publ ic space.

N E I G H B O U R H O O D P E D E S T R I A N

S T R E E T U P G R A D E

safestreetsS T R E E T S A S P U B L I C S P A C E

The community spirit in the v i l lage is a large aspect to the at t ract iveness of the v i l lage - one that has arose through the many social interact ions occurr ing along the common spaces, such as mixed used spaces, cour t-yards, corr idors and the streets.

As urban expansion occurs, the bui lding densi ty wi l l r ise and hence pose a threat to the common spaces shared by the locals.

By incorporat ing the need for publ ic spaces into the f ramework for urban expansion, we enable the v i l lage to retain i ts local ident i ty and roadside cul ture.

Indonesian roadside culture: A fami ly roadside vendor dur ing the week-ly Car-Free Day in Solo Ci ty

On this day, many locals would also s i t a long the roadside on long mats to have their meals, reminiscent of the t radi t ion-al Iban long-house verandah, a common space where di fferent fami l ies would eat and play together.

As traff ic densi ty increases along the main road, the per ipheral road provides an al ternat ive route for v i l lagers to com-mute between the ci ty and the vi l lage.

The per ipheral road, where shared publ ic spaces and faci l i t ies (schools, markets, mosques, heal thcare) would be located, act as an interphase between two vi l -lages, unit ing vi l lages and encouraging inter-vi l lage collaborations.

O F P U B L I C S P A C E S A N D F A C I L I T I E S

sharednetwork

E C O - C U L T U R A L C O R R I D O R

Batik is the locl ar t in Waru Vi l lage. I t has been there, s ince the colonial era. Vi l lagers here make a l iv ing by making and sel l ing bat ik. I t is seen as the ident i ty of Waru vi l lage by i ts people.

The bat ik workshops in Waru vi l lage are commonly located near the canal . People colour and dry the bat ik in the t radi-t ional way, throwing the bat ik waste into the canal , which pol-lutes the r ice f ie ld.

thebatikvillage

“The batik dye wastesolution is thrown into the canal, because it is easier than in Solo, where many people would complain. Here, the regulation is easier.”- 54-year-old Bat ik workshop owner s ince 1984

T H E P R O C E S S O F M A K I N G B AT I K

I N N O VAT I N G L O C A L I N D U S T R I E S & E C O - T O U R I S M

eco-culturalcorridor21 3

R E N E W I N GT R A D I T I O N S

This step-by-step eco-fr iendly process of making bat ik, besides being an eco-tour for students and tour ists, can help innovate the agr icul tural and bat ik industry unique to Waru Vi l lage, and engage younger and future generat ions in the renewal of these local t radi t ions.

Whi le there is potent ia l for Waru Vi l lage’s local industr ies to boom, growth is held back due to lack of organizat ion of the var ious components of the processes.

By tapping on current strengths of the v i l lage to dr ive i ts development - developing the local bat ik industry, and tap-ping on the agr icul tural industry as a natural c leanser for bat ik dye pol lutants, the v i l lage could fur ther develop i ts ident i ty as a bat ik v i l lage, whi le also becoming a innovat ive model for eco-fr iendly industr ies. Tour ism oppor tuni t ies can also be created.

B A T I KD Y E P O L L U TA N T S

After paint ing, dye waste is convenient ly thrown into the canal , which may cause i r r i -tat ion to skin of farmers and damage to crops.

B A T I KW A X I N G & PA I N T I N G

Batik cloth is la id out onto tables, appl ied with wax over the pattern and submerged in a se-quence of dyebaths.

A G R I C U L T U R A LN AT U R A L C L E A N S E R

Adjacent farmlands could be developed to grow crops that absorb the pol lut ion, a l lowing exist ing farmers to retain their jobs and farmlands as an inte-gral par t of the Bat ik process.

polluted batik dye waste

Mangroves absorb pollution

coloured, less poisonous

Safe for agriculture and skin contact

Purification withvetiveria zizanioides

Farmers are to div ide their farmlands into smal ler plots before sel l ing them off , a l lowing farmlands to be developed by indiv iduals and their future fami l ies

themselves in a more vi l lage- l ike organic yet organized structure.

Learning from Waru: A V I L L A G E B Y P E O P L E

14 m7.5m 7.5m

100 m

28 m

72 m

36 m

22 m

36 m

11 m

futurevillages

What we have proposed is not only concerned with one village or a specific case study.

Our vision is to apply this model of development to all neighboring villages to form a close-knitted and inter-dependent network of kampungs.

We believe through extending the connectivity of the existing street network and proposing opti-mum land plot sizes, natural restrictions will be enforced on developers and individuals when building their establishments within a certain context and following a certain structure.

By achieving this, not only will it preserve the identity of the villages, but it will also keep the organic structure for the whole area.

Instead of having several gated compounds, we envision several kampungs connected dynami-cally together with an efficient and people-friendly street network infrastructure, a network of public amenities and an eco-cultural corridor of unique local industries.

0 0.5km 1km

ourconclusionA N E T W O R K O F K A M P U N G S

2 0 1 5 I N T E R N A T I O N A L

D E S I G N W O R K S H O P

I N S U R A K A R T A C I T Y A N D

I T S S U R R O U N D I N G S

Interaksi Kampung

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