interactive governance Mirjam - FORNIS - FORNESSA ...fornistest.metla.fi/system/files/interactive_governance_Mirjam.pdf · Interactive governance theory ... (Kooiman & Bavinck, 2005:

Interactive governance theory for conflict analysis in Ghana’s high forest zone – a holistic approach?

Mirjam A.F. Ros-Tonen and Mercy Derkyi

Dept. of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies

First African IUFRO-FORNESSA regional congress Nairobi, Kenya, 25-30 June, 2012

Objective of this paper

To explore how the interactive governance approach can be used to assess the governability of conflicts over forest and tree resources in Ghana’s high forest zone

Type the footer here 2

Forest governance

The process of designing, implementing and overseeing policies, laws and regulations relating to the allocation, use and trade of forest resources (Macqueen & Bila, 2004; Ros-Tonen & Kusters, 2010).

Type the footer here 3

Interactive governance

‘The whole of public as well as private interactions taken to solve societal problems and create societal opportunities. It includes the formulation of and application of principles guiding those interactions and care for institutions that enable them’ (Kooiman & Bavinck, 2005: 17).

Type the footer here 4

The interactive governance model

Type the footer here 5

Source: Chuenpagdee et al. 2008:3.

The system-to-be-governed – natural system: Ghana’shigh forest zone (ecosystem + natural resources)

Type the footer here 6

The system-to-be-governed – human system:

Forest users & stakeholders: Timber operators (TUC holders) Chainsaw millers Farmers Hunters NTFP collectors (subsistence, trade) Herders

Competition for timber, NTFPs and farming landType the footer here 7

The governing system (Source: Derkyi 2012)

Type the footer here 8

= Interactions between national and transnational governing structures

= Actors from two or more governing structures to constitute the hybrid governingstructure

Transnational governing structures and their influence

Arena of national governing structure

Formal/ statutory governing structure

Traditional/ customary governing

structure

Market (industry) governing structure

Civil society governing structure

Hybrid governing structure

Governance regimes in Ghana’s high forest zone (Source: Kotey et al. 2008)

Type the footer here 9

Off-reserve

area77%

Forest reserve

23%

Timber production

47%

Permanently protected

22%

Convalesence 7,4%

Reforestation8%

Unknown16%

Type the footer here 10

Apedwa forest reserve Pamu Berekum forest reserve

Tano-Offin forest reserve(plantation regime)

Off-reserve forest area

GI: Implications for the naturalsystem

Loss of access and use rights for local population groups

No adequate compensation Conflicts

GI: Implications for the human system

Type the footer here 13

Livelihood conflicts in Tano-Offin GSBA –issues, actors and scale (Source: Derkyi 2012)

DIVERSITY

COMPLEXITY

DYNAMICS

SCALE

Suggestions for further research

The dynamics of interactions- framing of conflicts & relative power positions- negotiating access- institutional dynamics- changing actor constellations- conflict dynamics

Type the footer here 14

In further research

The dynamics of interactions- framing of conlficts & relative power positions (‘discourses’)* - negotiating access- institutional dynamics (‘rules of the game’)*- changing actor constellations (‘policy coalitions’)*- conflict dynamics

Policy arrangements approach (Tatenhove 2000; Arts 2004; Arts and Tatenhove 2005)?

Type the footer here 15

Conclusions The IG approach is useful to understand the context of conflicts

before interventions are defined It also helps analysing the natural and human system in an

integrated manner However, an analysis which applies the IG approach remains

descriptive In order to understand the dynamics of interactions more in-

depth analysis is needed of the framing of conflicts, the underlying discourses and power imbalances, and of the negotiation and mediation processes

Complement with the policy arrangements approach by Arts et al. ?

Type the footer here 16

Thank you!!

Type the footer here 17