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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Interactive FUrniTUREEvaluation of Interactive Textiles Interfaces
for Home Environments
Philipp Brauner0,1, Julia van Heek0,1, Martina Ziefle0,1
Nur Al-huda Hamdan0,2, Jan Borchers0,2
ACM ISS 2017 IN BRIGHTON, UK
Interactive Spaces and Surfaces
0 Human-Computer Interaction
Center at RWTH Aachen University1 Chair of Communication Science
RWTH Aachen University2 Chair for Media Informatics
RWTH Aachen University
Philipp Brauner, Julia van Heek, Martina Ziefle, Nur Al-huda
Hamdan, and Jan Borchers. 2017. Interactive FUrniTURE:
Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces for Home
Environments. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International
Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces (ISS '17).
ACM, New York, NY, USA, 151-160.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3132272.3134128
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Textiles as Part of Human History &
Computers in the 21st Century
■ Increased penetration of computing technology– Controllable light bulbs, smart heating
– Robotic vacuum cleaners
– Ubiquitous connectivity between devices
■ But: Current computing devices are…– Plastic, metal, or glass
– Stiff and cold
■ Humanity uses textiles for over 30,000 years– Perceived as warm, fashionable, pleasurable
– Various forms, materials, functions, sizes, colors
⇒ Intuitex:
Interdisciplinary project on interactive textiles
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
Internet of
Things
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Interdisciplinary Team from Academia & Industry
Iterative and Human-centered Development Process
Engineering
Psychology Design
■ Iteration through different scenarios and demonstrators
■ Better understanding
– Sensing technologies & algorithms
– textile surfaces & embroidery patterns
– Perception of users’
■ Feedback integration & continuous improvement
– Respect peoples‘ wants and needs, wishes and fears
– Engineering
– Design & marketing
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Three Areas of Interest and
Research Challenges
Extended areaNear field Surrounding space
e.g., Jacket e.g., Relaxing armchair e.g., Curtain
Challenges:
■ Reliable Gesture Detection
– Detect gestures & activation
– Prevent accidental activation
■ Discoverability, Learnability,
Acceptance
– Intuitive gestures
– Visual and haptic design
– Usability, User Experience
– Overall acceptance
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Near Field:
Jacket
■ Integration in sleeves of jacket
■ Conductive yarn in inner layer
■ 2-dimensional Interface
– Rollable fold
– Different angles and sizes
■ Usable as an input device
– Media control
– Take phone calls
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Surrounding Space:
Smart Curtain
■ Concept:
– Conductive yarn integrated into curtain fabric
(either embroidered or weaved)
– Gestures parallel to curtain movement
■ Experiment:
– Opening and closing the curtain
■ Results:
– High discoverability and learnability
– High ease of use
– Limited usefulnes (small demonstrator)
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Extended Area:
Textile Interfaces for Furnitures
What drives peoples‘ acceptance?
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Four interaction modes investigated…
■ Conductive yarn and sensors
integrated into textile surface
■ Two interaction areas:
– Stiched texture or fold
– Each representing chair‘s appearance
■ Two interaction modes:
– Touching or bending
– Stitched texture touchable
– Fold touchable or bendable
■ Current actions:
– Linked to motors of the armchair
(back/footrest up/down)
– Possible to link to smart home etc.
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Evaluation of the Interfaces
What drives peoples‘ Acceptance?
■ Myriads evaluation criteria
− ISO 9142/10:
Efficiency, effectivity, satisfaction
− AttrakDiff, UEQ:
Hedonic and pragmatic qualities
− Technology Acceptace Model:
Usefulness, Ease of Use
Perceived
Usefulness
Perceived
Ease of Use
Usage
IntentionActual Use
Davis’ TAM
UX
Hedonic
quality
Pragmatic
quality
Efficiency
Attractiveness
NoveltyStimulation
PerspicuityDependability Schrepp et al. UEQ
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
Efficiency
Effectivity
Satisfaction
ISO 9241
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Extended Environment
Study on Usability and Acceptance
■ Experiment in living room scenario
− Task: Relaxation!
− Move chair to relaxing positions
■ Explanatory variables:
− Age, Gender
− Attitude towards technology / textiles
■ Independent variable: Interaction mode (within-subj.)
■ Dependent variables (for each mode):
− Efficiency, Perspicuity, Dependability (from UXQ)
− Intention To Use (6pt scale)
■ Dependent variables (overall):
− Novelty, Stimulation, Attractiveness (from UXQ)
− Intention To Use (forced-choice)
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Description of the Sample
■ 20 participants
− 10 male, 10 female; 23–60 years (M=33.0±9.7)
− 16 right handed, 2 left handed, 2 ambidextrous
− Rather educated
(90% bachelor‘s degree or higher)
■ Atttiudes and previous experiences
− High Attitude Towards Technology (M=80±15%)
− Neutral Attiude Towards Textiles (M=57±22%)
− No or limited experience with adj. reclinder
armchair and with remote control from study
− Obviously, high experience with remote controls
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Results:
Quotes form the participants…
„I am used to the principle of a remote control – I‘ve known it for
years and thus, fast and efficient interaction is nothing
surprising.“
„The buttons of the remote control
are familiar, clear, and understand-
able.“
„Due to the fact that I am familiar
with a remote control, I can forsee the functions of
buttons and respective interactions.“
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
„It is a cold element“
„It is an ugly unappealing design“
„Then, you have to get up from the chair … if you
imagine older people, this is really a big problem.“
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Results:
Quotes form the participants…
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
„I really like that I can feel directly what I
have to do — for me, it is
obvious that I have to bend the
fold up and down in order to
operate the chair‘s footrest.“
Bend the fold...
Touch the stitches...
„I rather prefer this less visible
design using only stitches and
not a fold.“
„I don‘t understand what I jave to do —
should I bend it?“
Touch the fold...
„The shape and arrangement of the
stitches imply how to control the chair“
Textile interface in general…
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Evaluation of the four modes
■ Effect of Interaction Mode on all
Pragmatic Dimensions
– Efficiency [F3,17=4.392, p<.05]
– Perspicuity [F3,17=3.981, p<.05]
– Dependability [F3,17=2.972, p=.061, n.s.]
■ Ranking
1. Conventional remote control (highest)
2. Bend the fold
3. Touch stitches
4. Toching the fold (lowest)
⇒ Old, boring interface rated highest
but...
50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
plasticremotecontrol
touchingthefold
bendingthefold
touchingthestitches
Pragmaticqualitydimensionsofthearmchair
dependability perspicuity efficiency
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Evaluation of the four interaction modes
■ Intention to Use from TAM (6pt Likert):
1. Bending fold highest
2. touching stitches
3. plastic remote
4. touching fold
■ Forced Choice:
– Touching fold and conventional remote (n=2)
– Bending fold and touching stitches (n=8)
⇒ Despite highest pragmatic evaluation,
conventional remote control was rated lowest
⇒ Toching the fold consistently rated low0 2 4 6 8 10
plasticremotecontrol
touchingthefold
bendingthefold
touchingthestitches
Numberofchoices(n=20)
Preferredinteractiondeviceafterexperiment(singlechoice)
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Overall Evaluation of the Armchair
Links to Intention To Use
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
■ Limited influence of explanatory user factors
– Women report higher usage intention
– No further effects (but: small sample)
■ Interconnection of UEQ variables
– Pragmatic scales interconnected (ϱ>.633, p<.001)
– Hedonic scales less connected
– All positively linked to Intention To Use
■ What is most decisive for Intention To Use?
– MLR (r2=.460, 46%, β=.700)
– Attractiveness → ItU
(Attractiveness is key for acceptance)
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Smart Interactive Textiles in Furnitures
Discussion and Conclusion
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
■ Integration of Interactive Textiles in furnitures possible
■ Textile interfaces prefered over conventional control
(despite lower pragmatic properties)
■ Overall User Experience and Acceptance determined by
hedonic properties, such as Attractiveness
■ Limitations
– Small sample, limited input & control space
– Part of evaluation for whole demonstrator
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RWTH Aachen University, Human-Computer Interaction Center
Funded by the Federal
Ministry of Education and
Research (#16SV6270).
Summary and Outlook
Thank you. Questions?
■ Smart Textiles next frontier of Ubiquitous Computing
■ Project Intuitex– Participatory, agile, multi-disciplinary, and multi-methodological
■ Smart armchair: Evaluation of four input modes(touch/bend fold, touch stiches, conventional)
– Textile integration very appreciated
■ Limitations– Small sample / limited input & control space
– Part of evaluation for whole demonstrator
■ Conclusions
– Hedonic aspects very important
– Iterative, agile development process lead to usable products
– Integration of users’ perspective vital for products’ success
Contact: Dr. Philipp Brauner
[email protected]
Human-Computer Interaction Center
RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Interactive FUrniTURE — Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces
for Home Environments | ISS 2017, Brighton, UK
Some graphics are a curtesy of BraunWagner