Intensive Care Unit (student version)

CHAPTER 5INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After completing this chapter, the student should be able to:

Explain the function of Intensive Care Unit (ICU).List types of ICU and their functions.Explain the function of equipments used in ICUIdentify fault of the equipment used in ICUExplain the procedure of Electrocardiograph (ECG) Monitoring SystemExplain the procedure of Blood Pressure Monitoring SystemDescribe about Electroencephalograph monitor (EEG)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

WHAT IS INTENSIVE CARE / CRITICAL CARE?

Intensive Care or Critical Care refers to the special treatment given to patients who suffer from a serious medical problem.

Patients with a variety of medical illnesses are cared for by highly trained intensivists, medical offices and critical care registered nurses who provide around the clock care.

WHAT IS INTENSIVE CARE?

WHAT IS INTENSIVE CARE UNIT?

Intensive Care Units (ICU), also called Critical Care Units (CCU) are:

Sections within a hospital that look after patients whose conditions are life-threatening and need constant, close monitoring and support from equipment and medication to keep their body functioning.

Specialist hospital wards which provide intensive care (treatment and monitoring) for people in critically ill or unstable condition.

WHAT IS INTENSIVE CARE UNIT?CONT..

Intensive Care Units (ICU), also called Critical Care Units (CCU) are:

Specialized section of a hospital that provide comprehensive and continuous care for persons who are critically ill and who can benefit from treatment.

Places in the hospital where the most seriously ill patients are cared for by specially trained staff and supported by the use of special equipments.

WHAT IS INTENSIVE CARE?

Intensive Care Units (ICU)

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT?

An Intensive Care Units (ICU), or Critical Care Units (CCU) may be designed and equipped to provide care to patients with a range of conditions, or it may be designed and equipped to provide specialized care to patients with specific conditions:

PURPOSE OF ICUCONT..

For example,

a neuromedical ICU cares for patients with acute conditions involving the nervous system or patients who have just had neurosurgical procedures and require equipment for monitoring and assessing the brain and spinal cord.

An neonatal ICU is designed and equipped to care for infants who are ill, born prematurely, or have a condition requiring constant monitoring, etc. PURPOSE OF ICU

For example,

trauma/burn ICU provides specialized injury and wound care for patients involved in auto accidents and patients who have gunshot injuries or burns. PURPOSE OF ICUCONT..

Patients with critical illness suffer from failure of one or more of their systems such as the heart, lung, digestive organ or kidneys.

Patients who had heart attack, stroke, poisoning (sepsis), pneumonia (infection), surgical complications, major trauma as a result of road traffic accidents, a fall, burns, an industrial accidents or violence.

Patients who are recovering from a major operation.COMMON CONDITIONS REQUIRING CRITICAL CARE

For example,

ICU offers a large number of treatments that cannot given on normal wards. Such treatments include:

continuous invasive monitoringSupport of breathingPerforming tracheostomy Support of circulationKidney supportNutritional supportInserting lines for giving drugs and measuring pressure.

TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES IN AN ICU

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Special Care Baby unit (SCBU) Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU( Coronary Care Unit (CCU) Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU( Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU( Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit (CSICU( Neuroscience Critical Care Unit (NCCU( Overnight Intensive Recovery (OIR( Neuro Intensive Care Unit (NICU( Burn Wounds Intensive Care Unit Trauma Intensive care Unit (TICU( Shock Trauma Intensive care Unit (STICU(

TYPES OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU)

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENTS

Patients in ICUs are usually connected to intensive care equipment by tubes, wires and cables

ICU contain a variety of specialized equipment, which may vary from one unit to another.Generally it includes:

Patient monitoringRespiratory and cardiac supportPain managementLife support and emergency resuscitation devicesDiagnostic equipmentDisposable equipment

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Patient Monitoring Equipment

Patient monitoring equipmentAcute care physiologic monitoring system comprehensive patient monitoring systems that can be figured to continuously measure and display a number of parameters via electrodes and sensors that are connected to the patient.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

CONT..

Patient monitoring equipmentCan monitor electrical activity of the heart ( ECG), respiration rate (breathing), blood pressure, body temperature, cardiac output and amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Patient monitoring equipmentPulse oximeter monitors the arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (oxigen level) of the patients blood with sensor clipped over the finger or toe.

Intracranial pressure monitor measures the pressure of fluid in the brain in patients with head trauma or others conditions affecting the brain (such as tumors, edema or hemorrhage.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Pulse OximeterIntracranial pressure monitor

Patient monitoring equipmentApnea monitor continuously monitors breathing via electrodes or sensors placed on the patient. It will detects cessation of breathing in infants and adults at risk of respiratory failure, displays respiration parameters and triggers an alarm if a certain amount of time passes without a patients breath being detected.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

APNEA MONITOR

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Ventilator (also called respirator) assists with or controls pulmonary ventilation in patients who cannot breath on their own.Consists of a flexible breathing circuit, gas supply, heating/humidification mechanism, monitors, alarms.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

CONT..

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Ventilator (also called respirator) Microprocessor-controlled programmable and regulate the volume, pressure and flow of patient respiration. Ventilator monitors and alarms may interface with a central monitoring system or information system.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Infusion pump device that delivers fluids intravenously or epidurally through a catheter.Employ automatic, programmable pumping mechanism to deliver continuous anesthesia, drugs and blood infusions to the patient. The pump is hung on an intravenous pole placed next to the patients bed.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Crash cart also called resuscitation or code cart. This is a portable cart containing emergency resuscitation equipment for patients who are coding, that is their vital signs are in dangerous range.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

CONT..

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Crash cart

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

CONT..

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Crash cart This emergency equipment includes a defibrillator, airway intubation devices, a resuscitation bag/mask and medication box.For a patients experiences cardiorespiratory failure.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Intraaortic balloon pump a device that helps reduce the hearts workload and helps blood flow to the coronary arteries for patients with unstable angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack), or patients awaiting organ transplants.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

CONT..

Life support and emergency resuscitation devices:Intraaortic balloon pump Intraaortic balloon pumps use a balloon placed in the patients aorta. The balloon is on the end of the catheter that is connected to the pumps console, which displays heart rate, pressure and ECG readings. The patients ECG is used to time the inflation and deflation of the balloon.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Diagnostic equipmentMobile X-ray used for bedside radiography, particularly of the chest. Battery-operated generator that powers an x-ray tube. Handheld, portable clinical laboratory devices or point-of-care

Analyzers used for blood analysis at the bedside. A small amount of whole blood is required and blood chemistry parameters can be provided much faster than if samples sent to the central laboratory.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Disposable equipmentUrinary (foley) catheters, catheters used for arterial and central venous lines, Swan-Ganz catheters, chest and endotracheal tubes, gastrointestinal and nasogastric feeding tubes and monitoring electrodes.

Posey vest ( called a Houdinit jacket for safety), spenco boots, support hose ets.

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) EQUIPMENT

Disposable equipment

DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT /DEVICE

THANK YOU

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