Intensification of crop-livestock farming systems through market-orientation in Ethiopia
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- 1. Intensificationofcroplivestockfarmingsystems throughmarketorientationinEthiopiaAzageTegegne,DirkHoekstra,BerhanuGebremedhin,KahsayBerhe,GebremedhinWoldewahidandTilahunGebeyImprovingProductivityandMarketSuccess(IPMS)Project,InternationalLivestockResearchInstitute(ILRI),P.O.Box5689,AddisAbaba,Ethiopia Bonn,2011 Email:[email protected];www.ipmsethiopia.orgIntroduction Changesinfrequencyofharvest:Shiftedfromonetothreeharvests/year(Sept,Jan,June)inAtsbi Awatershedconsistsofasteeplandasrunoffgeneratingandvalleybottomsasrunonzonesinacontinuumfashion. Withincreasingpopulationpressure,overuseofthenaturalresourcesresultsinlowwatershedproductivityoftenunabletofeedthegrowingpopulation. Inthisregard,watershedbasedmarketorientedcommoditiesdevelopmenthasbeenlaunchedinTigrayRegiontoimproveproductivityandincomeofsmallholderfarmers. FogeradistricthasaplaintopographyandvastproductivegrazinglandthatisusuallyfloodedduringtherainyseasonbyoverflowsfromthelocalriversofGumaraandRib,andLakeTana. Thenaturalpasturewasusedtosupportlargenumberoflivestockduringthedryseason. Changesinforageutilization:SheepfatteningandapicultureinnovationuptakeinAtsbi Freeanduncontrolledgrazingresultedinseveredegradationofthegrazinglandanddisappearanceofpalatableforage 12000 50000speciesandemergenceofunpalatablenoxiousweedslikeHygrophillaauriculata(Amikela). Number of colony or sheep10000 Beneficiary households Interventionswereundertakenforintensificationofcroplivestockfarmingsystemsthroughmarketorientationofcrop40000 2004(no/commodity)andlivestockcommodities.20048000 2010 30000 2010 Themethods,achievementsandthelessonslearnedfromtheseinterventionsarepresented.6000 20000 4000 10000 2000MaterialsandMethods 00 Variousfeeddevelopmentandimprovedforage species Fattened sheepHoneybee colonyFattened sheepHoneybee colonyintroducedintheconserved watershedcontinuum. Cutandcarrysystemoflivestockfeedingintroduced Interventionsimplementedalongthecommodityvaluechain Potentials,limitationsandinterventionsof marketorientedcommodityidentified alongthevaluechain framework(VCF) AtypicalwatershedinAtsbi,TigrayKeyachievementsChangesinforagebiomassquantityandqualityinAtsbi Steeplandsforagedevelopment:Before(left)andafterintervention (right)DevelopmentofshallowwellsandirrigatedhorticultureinthebottomlandsinAtsbi 15000 12500Area (ha) or number of beneficiaries20042011 100007500500025000 Irrigated area (ha)Beneficiary householdsReclamationofcommunalgrazingareainFogera Bottomlandsdevelopment:Before(left)andafterintervention(right) AmekilaweedclearanceinFogeraIrrigatedsites:Afterinterventionandchangesinbiomassproduc21 tionandbiodiversity18Before interventionAfter interventionBiomass (ton dm/ha)1512 9 BiomassproductionindifferentPAsinFogera Scalingupsuccessfulfodderdevelopmentactivities 6inFogera 3 PAsExclusionareas ForageproductivitiesForagedrybiomass NameofPAsseNumberofpeopleparticipatedAreainHa. 0(t/ha) (t/PAperyear) lected Steeplands Bottomlands Irrigated sites MenWomenWatershed continuum200820092008 200920082009Shina1742 95 23.75 Shina7.07.78.57.8 59.560.0Wagetera 43698 67.00 Kuhar 6.011.4 10.710.5 64.2 119.47Aboakokit99668338.75 Abakiros38.5 7.0269.1ImprovedforageuptakefollowingdemonstrationinAtsbiGuramba 20.0137.4KidistHanna 92314342.75 Menog14.0 102.9Nabega 39224021.00 zerShaga1200 35075.00WatershedcontinuumDemonstrationareaUptake Beneficiaryhouseholds Total 91.6123.7688.87Total5689 1609 268.50 (ha) (ha) (number/district) LessonsLearnedSteepgrazinglandsand 262,9816,798 Linkingimprovedforageproductionwithmarketorientedcommoditieshelpssmallholderfarmerstoshiftinlivestockcompositionandgeneratebetterincomefollowingthemarketsignals.stabilizedgullies Innovationuptakehasbeenenhancedthroughdemonstrationandparticipationofactors. ParticipatorymarketorientedcommoditydevelopmentalongthevaluechainunlockstheuseofconservedresourceseffectivelyandeffiBottomlands695,739 13,088 cientlythroughintensification.Theapproachalsohelpstothinkingbeyondrainfedcropproduction.Irrigatedsites 0.12 8503,575 Theintegrationofmarketorientedcommoditydevelopmentalongthewatershedcontinuumalsohelpstotransformlessproductivewatershedintointensifiedanddiversifiedhouseholdincomesources. Improvingtheincomeofsmallholderfarmerstriggersthecommunitytoinvestmoreonresourcesconservation. Actorsinvolvementalongthewatershedbaseddevelopmentcontinuumandthecommodityvaluechainsensuredandtheapproacheshavebeeninstitutionalized.
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