Intellitag500 RFID Intellitag500 RFID Technology Overview
Dec 16, 2015
Upon completion of this lesson, you will Have the background information on the
RFID technology in general Have the basic understanding of the Intellitag
500 operation.
Objective
Outline
Introduction to RFID Historical Overview RFID System and Theory of Operation
Intellitag500 Operation System Components Theory of Operation
Historical Overview
In 1983 - 5 Scientist from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico formed Amtech (Animal Management Technology) Corporation
These scientists invented RFID technology funded by two divisions of the Federal government. Department of Energy - application was to
track nuclear materials Department of Agriculture - application was
to track cattle and monitor their health, specifically avoiding shipping fever.
Historical Overview
In 1998, Amtech Transportation Systems Group was purchased by UNOVA to operate as a division of Intermec Technologies Corporation.
In 1999, the RFID SBU was formed to develop and market the IBM technology acquired by UNOVA.
Intellitag® 500 series products are the first RFID products and API (application programming interface) to be compliant with the the new ANSI NCITS 256-1999 product standard designed for item management applications that will be recommended for international standardization.
Amtech’s strong RFID history
Headquartered in Dallas, Texas ISO 9001 certified manufacturing and engineering
facility Leader in international standards Strong Amtech brand name
identity More than 100 patents Core competencies in RFID
development and systems integration
RFID experience
Global leader in wireless data technologies for intelligent transportation systems markets Designs, manufactures, installs, integrates, and supports reliable, accurate, and innovative solutions 8 million tags and 16,000 readers distributed worldwide
ASD Market Segments
Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM)
Rail and Intermodal
Commercial, Private, and Government Fleets
Parking, Security, Aviation, and Transit (PSAT)
Supply Chain
Historical Overview
New Advancements Low Cost Tags Tag Size and Producibility Tag Longevity (Passive) New Functionality (Anti-collision, LAN-based)
Advancements in RFID technology enable new applications: Supply Chain Management Retail Operations Manufacturing Health Care
RFID System Host
A host may be a PC, workstation, mainframe, or portable data terminal (PDT) where the RFID controlling application resides.
Reader and/or RF Module The term, reader, is used for an integrated package containing
both the reader and RF module. In some cases, it may even include an antenna, and in another case, the RF module will be a discrete system component. Overall, these pieces combine to perform the necessary functions such as encoding/decoding, communications interface control, I/O sensing and control, and generation, transmission, and reception processing of RF signals.
RFID System (cont.)
Antenna(s) and cables In some cases, a reader can contain multiple antennae. The
antenna types will vary depending on the specific application.
Tags Tags come in many different sizes. Operationally, tags are
either Read-only, RF Read/Write, or RF and wire Read/Write. A tag with data that can not be altered through RF is referred to as Read-only. An RF Read/Write tag allows writing of data to a its memory via the RF link. An RF and wire Read/Write tag allows writing of information to its memory via a wire interface, as well as through the RF link. In addition, these tags may be beam-powered or battery-powered.
Frequency Comparison
Feature 915 MHz 2450 MHz 13.56 MHzCost Less Complex, Less
ExpensiveLess Complex, LessExpensive
More Complex, MoreExpensive
Range 3 to 5 m 0.5 to 1.0 m 0.25 to 0.5 mFunctionality Advanced Functionality
(ANSI NCITS 256-1999)Advanced Functionality(ANSI NCITS 256-1999)
R/W Europe, R/Contactwrite U.S.
Metal Effects 25 mm spacer gives fullrange
5 to 7 mm spacer gives fullrange
> 50 mm spacer = 90%full range
Material Effects Sensitive to Water Sensitive to Water Less Sensitive to WaterHuman Body Effects Blocked by tissue Blocked by Tissue Detuned by TissueTag Size Small Very Small Large
,
Introduction to Intellitag 500
System Specific Features Theory of Operation
Tag State Transitions Identification Flow Chart Example Simulation Transaction Timing
Regulatory Issues
System Features Tags are currently beam-powered. Available in multiple frequencies
and form factors. Efficient tag sorting algorithm allows for identifying multiple tags in
the field Identify/Read/Write over RF link Tag overall memory of 128 bytes (1024 bits) Tag Read Range
3-5 meters at 915 MHz 1-2 meters at 2450 MHz (US)
Simple Antenna Installation Multiple reader products Custom and Third Party application development
System Features (cont.) Air Interface supports 30 to 40 kbits per second data
rate Spread spectrum, frequency hopping readers
915 MHz systems - 64 hop channels, 400 kHz spacing 2450 MHz - 79 hop channels, 1 MHz spacing custom frequency hop select for those countries requiring
non-standard frequency set
Open, non-proprietary wireless interface communication provides high-speed RF data transactions - IEEE 802.11
Intellitag500 Tag State Transitions
GROUP SELECT(Criteria Valid)counter = 0Transmit ID
FAIL Command
SUCCESS CommandAll tags decrement countersIf counter = 0; transmit IDIf counter > 0; do not transmit
Data_Rd, Rd, Write, Qlock (With correct ID) Rd_Ver (ID match and Write Ok)
Rd, Write,Qlock (With correct ID)Rd_Ver (Id match and write Ok)
Initialize, Group_Unsel(valid criteria)
Initializeor power loss
Data_Rd, Rd, Write,Write_Mult., Bulk_WriteLock, Unlock, Qlock
RESEND CommandIf counter = 0; Transmit ID
If counter > 0; increment cntr.If counter = 0; generate Rnd # If Rnd# = 1; increment cntr. do not transmit If Rnd# = 0; Transmit ID
Intellitag500 Tag State Overview Tags go to the Ready state upon entering the RF field. From Ready state, Tags go to the ID state after a valid
Group Select command is received from the reader. Tags Identified, are forced to go to Data Exchange
state so they will no longer be involved in the identification process.
Tags can transition directly from Ready to Data Exchange if Tag ID is known or not required
Tag Identification Example
A C=0R=0 B C=0
R=0 C C=0R=0 D C=0
R=0
A C=1R=1 B C=1
R=1 C C=0R=0 D 0
0
FAIL
FAIL
CC=1R=1 D
C=0R=0
READ_DATA
D C=0R=0
A C=2R=1 B C=2
R=1
To Data Exchange
Base StationCommands
TimeTags
SELECT
Tag Identification Example (cont.)
SUCCESS
SUCCESS
FAIL
A C=01R=1 B C=01
R=1 C C=00R=0
READ_DATA
CC=00R=0
A C=00R=0 B C=00
R=0
A C=01R=1 B C=00
R=0
READ_DATA
BC=00R=0
SUCCESS
To Data Exchange
To Data Exchange
Tag to Reader Timing
Identify one tag (16 bytes) - 50 ms Read (8 bytes) - 15 ms Write (one byte with verification of the write
transaction) - 30 ms
Note: These times are given as reference only and will vary depending on the overall system architecture, firmware version and layers of processing involved.
VeryConservative
Estimates!
Tag Memory Architecture
Bytes Field Name Written Locked0-7 Tag ID Manufacturing Manufacturing8,9 Tag
ManufacturerManufacturing Manufacturing
10,11 Tag HardwareType
Manufacturing Manufacturing
12-17* Tag MemoryLayout
Manufacturing orApplication
As Required byApplication
18-127 User Data Application As Required
* Intermec is coordinating the use of Bytes 12-17 to takeadvantage of Industry Standardization (ISO, ANSI). Pleasecontact your Intermec technical representative for details.
Regulatory Issues
Readers are tested for verification as digital devices and “type” accepted as a frequency-hopping, spread-spectrum radio under FCC Part 15. The end user will not be required to have any FCC site licenses for the readers
Type approval means components sold as a system. Changes to configuration may void certification, and
require re-certification IEEE C95.1 Emissions Safety Standard
Intrinsically Safe for human exposure Compliance via radome and/or labeling
Review Intellitag 500 Overview
Resulted from several years of R&D Significant advancements in cost, size, functionality Supports multiple tag identification/read/write processes Tag has 128 byte (1024 bit) memory Tag data rate is 30 to 40 kbits per second 915 and 2450 MHz operation ANSI NCITS 256-1999 Standard Simple Antenna Installation Standard configuration of system does not require site license
(FCC Part 15)