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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Intelligent Lighting Design:
Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks
Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
AAC Centro de Acústica Aplicada S.L. – Spain
Susana MalónAlberto Bañuelos
Ion FernándezUnai Baroja
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
AAC activities in urban areas in the lighting field
MASTER PLANS outdoor public illumination with the MAIN AIM
of avoid over lighting levels, reducing light pollution using
FRIENDLY dark sky designs, luminaries, lamps, etc
INVENTORY: luminaries, lamps, ballast, auxiliary systems, etc.
MEASUREMENTS: horizontal illuminance, electrical behavior, LP
ANALYSES and RESULTS: Em (lux) map, LP map,
MASTER PLAN: solutions (saving energy, reduce LP, economical
analyses of each one) and its planning along a period of time
Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
INVENTORY (GIS map)
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
3D model of illumination level at ground level
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
3D model of illumination level above street
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
3D model of illumination level in facade
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
SOLUTIONS to get a better situation
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
UNE 3.201: Lighting roads RD 1890/2008 (Spain)
Levels based on UNE-EN 13201
Description area
Recommendations and regulations1
2
• Use and Main user
• Typical speed of main user
• Area geometry
• Traffic use
• Environmental and external influences
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Designs following intelligent lighting criteria to avoid over
illumination levels and which follow recommendations to
reduce the light pollution, are always a goal.
Lighting parametres3
- Em (lux) - Lm (cd/m2) - Um (%) - Ev (lux) - Etc.
So, in this way, situations with very low traffic at night
exception in the fulfill of some of this parameters,
specially the UNIFORMITY
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 43 lx
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 170 lx
Milky Way
The Astronomers
Park
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 68 lx
Wetland of Salburua
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Light trespass
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
area to be renewed in Villasana de Mena
Nowadays
Nowadays
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Poor maintenance, inefficient and polluting luminaires
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Miguel de Cervantes Street
Most recent replacement of some luminaries
with less light pollution,
but still 5% ULR
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Lighting requirements
Em = 5,0 lux Emin = 1,0 lux
3
Um = 0,2S4
S5Em = 3,0 lux Emin = 0,2 lux Um = 0,2
RD 1890 (Spain)
CEN/TR-13.201
S4
•Main user: motorised traffic, pedestrian and cyclists
•Speed traffic > 5 and ≤ 30 Km/h
•Street in residencial area with very low traffic (< 4000)
•Parked vehicles are present
•Difficulty of navigational task: Normal
•Ambient luminance: rural
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Fu ↓ ↓
Initial situation
ULR inst > 49%
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 4,0 lux Um = 0,17
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
The choice of the luminaries´ model has been easy
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
ULR inst ≈ 0%
Fu ↑ ↑
Final situation
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
ULR inst ≈ 0%ULR inst ≈ 0%
ULR inst 25% + 25%
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
ULR inst ≈ 0%
=
25% 25%
50%
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Main problems
1.- To find the lamp power needed to achieve levels of 5 lux
HPS mínimun 50w
MH mínimun 35w White light problems
2.- Maintain the location of points of light d = 20-22 m
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
The first lighting design was done, exceeded required
levels of illumination, so we had to adjust the design as
follows:
To increase the mounting height from 3 to 5 m
To duplicate spacing luminaries (from 20 to 40m), that
is, DECREASING BY HALF the number of spotlight.
To reduce lamp power: 150w to 50w
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 13,3 lux Um = 0,24
Design 1 HPS 70w
d = 22 m
d = 20m
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 8,8 lux Um = 0,24
Design 2 HPS 50w
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 6,4 lux Um = 0,03
Design 3 HPS 70w
d = 44 m
d = 40m
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Em = 4,5 lux Um = 0,03
Final design HPS 50w
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
RESULTS
Situation Initial Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Final
Luminarie
Mounting height (m) 3 5 5 5 5
Spacing (m) 20-22 20-22 20-22 40-44 40-44
Lamp power (w) HPS 150w HPS 70w HPS 70w HPS 70w HPS 50w
Em (lux): 4,0 13,3 8,8 6,4 4,5
Um: 0,17 0,24 0,24 0,03 0,03
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
CONCLUSIONS
It was possible to fulfill illuminance levels adjusted to lighting needs (5 lux)
This has been possible, increasing the mounting height of luminaire,
removing 50% of spotlight and reducing the minimum lamp power (50w)
However, this implies a very low uniformity
But the question is:
Must a rural area with extremely or very low traffic at night (near to
Natural, or protected areas, or not) respect the recommendations
of uniformity?
We do not think so
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
CONCLUSIONS
To ensure uniformity, it should increase almost twice the levels of
horizontal illuminance, which it is not necessary for the safety of the users
in this type of street.
At least, twice of power consumption
The risk to increase levels in other areas, generating a domino effect
The growth of light pollution levels
This implies
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
CONCLUSIONS
To avoid these problem, (light pollution in Natural areas)
International standards and good practice guides should
recommend
design requirements and priorities for the streets
were low illumination levels are enough
new solutions with HPS, or as an alternative, less than 50W.
Maybe LEDs technology more efficient and without blue
light
If not, probably
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
These pictures will be even more recurrent and frequent…
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
These pictures will be even more recurrent and frequent…
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010AAC
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
However, this is our goal
Easter Island
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010Sahara Night
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010www.twanight.org
This is what we want
Alborz Mountains-Iran
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Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level
3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010
Albert Einstein
Good lighting installations and dark sky
at the same time for everyone!!!
Thank you very much
There is a motive force more powerful than steam,
electricity and atomic energy:"The Will"