Intelligent automatic plant irrigation system

Intelligent Automatic Plant Irrigation System

INDEX

ABSTRACT BLOCK DIAGRAM POWER SUPPLY LM324 Relay AC MOTOR ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS WORKING PROCEDURE CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT

Irrigation  is  the  key  to  a  successful  garden.  Long gone are the days of manual watering or relying on a friend to water when you are on vacation or away on business. 

The  Project  presented  here  waters  your  plants regularly when you are out  for vocation. The circuit comprises  sensor  parts  built  using  op-amp  IC LM324. Op-amp is configured here as a comparator. 

Two  stiff  copper  wires  are  inserted  in  the  soil  to sense  the  whether  the  Soil  is  wet  or  dry. The  comparator  monitors  the  sensors  and  when sensors sense the dry condition then the project will switch on the motor and it will switch off the motor when  the  sensors  are  in  wet.  The  comparator  does the above job it receives the signals from the sensors.  

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOLAR CELL DESCRIPTION

The solar cell is composed of the semiconductors of the P-N junctions.

It can convert light into electric energy. Therefore we can assume that electricity produced using sunlight shining on the solar cell can be used like common electricity.

Lead Acid BatterySpecifications12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery 1. CE and RoHs 2. high quality and reliability 3. maintenance free 4. long life cycle12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid batteryGeneral Features:Sealed and maintenance free operation.Non-Spillable construction design.ABS containers and covers(UL94HB, UL94-0)optional.Safety valve installation for explosion proof.High quality and high reliability.Exceptional deep discharge recovery performance.Low self discharge characteristic.Flexibility design for multiple install positions. 

POWER SUPPLY

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage

regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out

put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

LM324

The LM324 series consists of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages

Features Internally frequency compensated for unity gain Large DC voltage gain 100 dB Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature

compensated) Wide power supply range: Single supply 3V to 32V or dual

supplies ±1.5V to ±16V Very low supply current drain (700 μA)—essentially

independent of supply voltage Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated)

PIN DIAGRAM

RELAYS

A relay is an electrically controllable switch widely used in industrial controls, automobiles and appliances.

AC MOTOR

An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy

Electric motors are found in household appliances such as fans, refrigerators, washing machines, pool pumps, floor vacuums, and fan-forced ovens.

ADVANTAGES

Highly sensitiveWorks according to the soil conditionFit and Forget system Low cost and reliable circuitComplete elimination of manpowerCan handle heavy loads up to 7ASystem can be switched into manual mode whenever

required

APPLICATIONS

Roof GardensLawnsAgriculture LandsHome Gardens

WORKING PROCEDURE:

Switch ON the power supply. Each and every module require +5vdc of supply. In this project, we will be using two metal plates and we will be inserting it into the soil and sets some reference voltage. When ever the soil dry-wet sensor voltage is less than the reference voltage then that signals goes to LM324 Comparator.

This comparator switches ON the water pump through Relay automatically when the soil is DRY. To drive the relay we are using transistor driver because relay requires high current of 10 to 20 mile amps.

And when the soil dry-wet sensor voltage is higher than the reference voltage then that signals goes to LM324 Comparator.

This comparator switches OFF the water pump through Relay automatically when the soil is WET.

So, in this way we are reducing the man power.

The project “Intelligent Automatic Plant Irrigation System ” is designed, tested and implemented successfully. It is much easy and cost effective.

CONCLUSION