Intelligence

wechsler has defined intelligence as the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to think rationally, to act purposefully and to deal effectively with the environment

Intelligence

Types of Intelligence

Mechanical intelligence

Abstract intelligen

ce

Social intelligen

ce

Theories of Intelligence

Unitary Theory or Monarchic

Theory

Multifactor Theory or Anarchic Theory

(thorndike)

Spearman's two factor Theory or Eclectic Theory

Group factor theory

(thurstone)

Spearman’s “g” Factor

Mechanical

Spatia l

Logical

Mathematicals

s s

s

E ach ability combines g and s factors

g

Primary mental Abilities

Verbal Comprehensi

on

Word Fluency

Number

SpaceMemory

Perceptual Speed

Reasoning

Intelligence Assessment/tests

On the basis of size

On the basis of medium used

Individual Tests

Paper – pencil Tests

Group Tests

Verbal Tests

Non – Verbal Tests

Performance Tests

Culture Fair Tests

Or

Culture Free Tests

Intelligence Assessment

Alfred Binct (1896) MA vs. CA

Louis Terman (1916)

David Wechsler (1958)

The Stanford-Binet

Alfred Binet(1875-1911) Intelligence scale in 1905 which

involved attention, memory, discrimination and some other simple psychological processes

Scale consisted of 30 items arranged in order of difficulty or complexity

Intelligence Quotient

Stern (1914) devised the intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Shifts the focus to the rate of development

Allows children of different ages to be compared

IQ = (MA/CA) x 100

This ratio no longer used in its literal form

Terman Classification of IQ IQ Classification

140 – 169 Genius

120 –139 Very Superior or Gifted

110 –119 Superior

90 – 109 Average

80-89 Slow Learners

70 –79 Border Line

50 –69 Morons

25 – 49 Imbeciles

Below 24 Idiots

.

Intelligence Testing

(Figure adapted from Anastasi & Urbina, 1997)

Frequency Distribution of IQ Scores

Wechsler Intelligence Scale Composed of two scales:

Verbal and Performance

Subtests

•Five Mandatory Subtests•Information•Similarities•Arithmetic•Vocabulary•Comprehension•One Supplementary Test•Digit Span•This test can be substituted for one of the other tests if and only if the data from a mandatory subtest is missing or invalidated.

Verbal

Scale(Kamphaus, 1993)

Subtests

•Five Mandatory Subtests•Picture Completion•Picture Arrangement•Block Design•Object Assembly•Coding•Two Supplementary Subtests•Mazes•Symbol Search•The Mazes subtest can be substituted for any of the mandatory subtest if the data is missing or invalidated. The Symbol Search can only be substituted for the Coding subtest.

Performan

ce Scale

(Kamphaus, 1993)

Raven's “Culture-Fair” matrices Test

The test has five sets i.e., A, B, C, D, E and each set has 12 patterns.

Total 60 patterns.

Bhatia’s (Alexander) performance Test Koh's block design test Pass along test Pattern drawing test Immediate memory for sound Picture construction test