Intellectual Works and their Manifestations Representation of Information Objects IR Systems & Information objects Spring 2006 23 January, 2006 Bharat.

Intellectual Works and their ManifestationsRepresentation of Information Objects

IR Systems & Information objects

Spring 200623 January, 2006

Bharat MehraIS 520 Organization and Representation of Information

School of Information SciencesUniversity of Tennessee

My Critical Reflections Over Last Week

Establish confidence in yourself Just because you can do it, doesn’t

mean you should do it! If material is already covered, find

a way to get access to it Explore multiple avenues to

answer your question Be reflective and self-critical Find a class buddy to brainstorm

The Concept of Information

Information includes all ideas, facts, and imaginative works of the mind that have been communicated, recorded, published and/or distributed formally or informally in any format.

Information is the data that have been processed, stored, and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation.

Examples of Info Objects

Information environments/settings library archive Web

For each environment list the types of information objects/packages.

Access to Info Objects

Intellectual access find, identify, select a work through IR

systems based on needs (known item search vs. subject search)

Physical access

select, obtain a copy of the information-bearing items/objects

Rules of Bibliographic Control 1. Identifying the existence of all types of info objects as they

are made available

2. Identifying the works contained within those info objects or as parts of them

3. Systematically pulling together these info objects into collections in libraries, archives, museums, Internet communication files, and other such depositories

4. Producing lists of these info objects prepared according to standard rules of citation

5. Providing name, title, subject, and other useful access to these info objects

6. Providing the means of locating each info object or a copy of it

(Hagler: The Bibliographic record and Information

Technology)

Representing Info Objects FRBR framework aims at a logical model to guide

better practice (Provides a generalized view of the bibliographic universe to help catalogers meet user needs)

Entities, attributes, relationships Metadata

An information object is described by three groups of entities

Each entity can be represented by a set of attributes

Each information object can be represented by a bibliographic record in IRs

Level 1Level 1

Level 2Level 2

Level 3Level 3

Information objects (FRBR)

OneOne

ManyMany

Entities are key objects of interest to usersEntities are key objects of interest to usersGroup 1 Entities:Group 1 Entities:

Information objects (FRBR)Group 2 Entities: Person or Corporate body related to Group I Group 2 Entities: Person or Corporate body related to Group I entities by specific relationships entities by specific relationships

Information objects (FRBR)Group 3 Entities: Subjects of works that are concepts, objects, Group 3 Entities: Subjects of works that are concepts, objects, events, or placesevents, or places

Attributes/Characteristics of EntitiesInherent (physical and labeling); Externally input

Attributes of Work: title, form, date, distinguishing aspect, Attributes of Work: title, form, date, distinguishing aspect, intended termination, intended audience, contextintended termination, intended audience, context

Attributes of Expression: language, extensibility, revisability, Attributes of Expression: language, extensibility, revisability, extent, summarization, critical responseextent, summarization, critical response

Attributes of Manifestation: statement of responsibility, Attributes of Manifestation: statement of responsibility, edition/issue designation, place of publication, edition/issue designation, place of publication, publisher/distributorpublisher/distributor

Attributes of Item: identifier, fingerprint, provenance, marksAttributes of Item: identifier, fingerprint, provenance, marks

Bibliographic Relationships Inherent relationship: Work Inherent relationship: Work is realized throughis realized through Expression Expression is is embodied inembodied in Manifestation Manifestation is exemplified byis exemplified by Item Item

Content relationships: equivalent, derivative, descriptiveContent relationships: equivalent, derivative, descriptiveWhole/part and part to part (sequential, accompanying)Whole/part and part to part (sequential, accompanying)

User TasksFind: Find: involves meeting a user’s search criteria through an involves meeting a user’s search criteria through an attribute or relationship of an entityattribute or relationship of an entity

Identify:Identify: enables a user to confirm what they looked for, enables a user to confirm what they looked for, distinguishing among similar resourcesdistinguishing among similar resources

Select:Select: involves meeting user’s requirements with respect involves meeting user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc.to content, physical format, etc.

Obtain:Obtain: enables a user to acquire an entity through enables a user to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc. or electronic remote accesspurchase, loan, etc. or electronic remote access

Other tasks involved in the process???Other tasks involved in the process???

IR Systems

Print indexes and abstracts Library catalog cards Databases (CD Rom or online) OPACs -- online public access catalogs (free

access to library materials) Bibliographic network / utility (OCLC) Finding aids Digital libraries

Meta-model of IR based on Ingwersen, P. & JMeta-model of IR based on Ingwersen, P. & Järvelin, K. (forthcoming) ärvelin, K. (forthcoming) The The

Turn: Integration Turn: Integration of of Information Seeking & Information Retrieval in ContextInformation Seeking & Information Retrieval in Context

InformationInformationobjectsobjects

IT: metadataIT: metadataalgorithmsalgorithms

InterfaceInterface UserUser

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Interfaces

The layer between a user and the system through which the user can interact with the system, e.g.:

OPAC, WebPAC Portals -- Web based system for community

users to support individuals information needs The display of the bibliographic records can

be manipulated by the interfaces

Next Time: Class Activity for “Critical Reflection”

Provide values for all the attributes of one particular item that you select to represent a work and its expression and manifestation (see IFLA FRBR final report: 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5).

Also provide values for attributes of a person (4.6), corporate body (4.7), concept (4.8), object (4.9), event (4.10), and place (4.11) for that item you selected.

Putting yourself in the ‘shoes’ of a user, identify one attribute for each entity that was most useful to you for finding that item and explain how those attributes were useful (or can be useful) to locate that item.