Integration of Renewable Energy
Jan 03, 2016
Integration of Renewable Energy
Outline of this presentation
Introduction Basics of Renewable Technologies Scenario of Renewable Energy generation in
India Issues involved in Grid Integration of RE: International Experience The Road ahead
The future depends on what we do in the Present….Mahathma Gandhi
Drivers for Alternate energy sources Oil crisis in 1970s Dwindling/ limited natural Resources (Oil, Coal) Energy Security International mandate for development of CDM technologies and to reduce
Carbon/ Sulpher/ Green House Gas emissions, phase out fossil fuel generation and develop alternate Energy sources IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) under
UNEP(1998) UNFCCC Rio De Janeiro 1992 Kyoto protocol 1997 Copenhagen Summit 2009
Indian initiatives NAPCC (National Action Plan for Climate Change) JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission)
Various types of Renewable Energy Wind
On shore Off shore
Solar Solar PV (Photo Voltaic, Concentrated PhotoVoltaic) Solar Thermal (Solar Concentrated, Parabolic trough/dish, Fresnel
collector, Heliostat & Solar Tower receiver, Solar updraft receiver) Micro Hydel (upto 25 MW)
Biomass/ Bagasse (the dry fibrous waste that is left after sugarcane has been
processed) rice husk, cotton stalk, mustard stalk, groundnut shell, coconut fronds,
waste cotton stalks, bark, roots of trees, cane trash, arecanut shells, Prosopis juliflora, poultry litter)
Co-generation Municipal Solid waste Geo-Thermal Hydro kinetics
Tidal power Wave technology
Power vs Wind speed for a typical Induction type WTG
where ρ= wind density, Cp is Power Co-efficient of Wind Turbine, λ is tip speed ratio, θ is the blade pitch angle, Ar = area of wind incidence on blades, v= wind speed
Source: http://www.windpower.org
Fixed Speed/ Induction type Wind Turbine Generator
Variable Speed type Wind Turbine Generator
Types of Wind Generators [1, 2, 3, 4]
Squirrel Cage Doubly Fed Direct Drive Induction Induction Synchronous
Simple and Robust Less mechanical stress Less mechanical stress
Less expensive Less noisy Less noisy
Electrically efficient Aerodynamically efficient Aerodynamically efficient
Standard generator Standard generator No gearbox
Small converter
Aerodynamically less Electrically less efficient Electrically less efficient efficient
Gearbox included Gearbox included Large converter
Mechanical stress Expensive Expensive
Noisy Complex, heavy and large generator
Oct. 2006 CREDP - Wind Farm Operation and Grid Integration 10
Electrical Characteristics of WTG
Reactive requirement: Fault Ride Through (FRT) /Low Voltage ride-
through (LVRT) Governor operation available in WTG? Inertia contribution to Grid? Short circuit contribution Can WTG be Black Started?
appr.20,00,000 kWh
160 m
Increase in capacityIn a mere 20 years, the yieldOf wind turbines has increased 100-fold.With the new 6 MW Turbines,It will multiply another fivefold.
2010
6.000 kW
170 m
Increase in capacity and efficiency: Development of turbine technology
Criteria for Site Selection
2.5 D
SITE SELECTION – PLAIN TERRAINS
SITE SELECTION – HILLY TERRAINS High annual average Wind Speed ( > 7 m/sec.) Wind Structure at The Proposed Site Altitude of the proposed site. Nature of Ground (soil for proper foundation / civil work
). Favorable environmental condition to prevent corrosion
& not prone to cyclone. Availability of electrical infrastructure for evacuation of
electricity generated .
Typical arrangement of an Small Hydro Power station
SHP station on a canal
SHP station on a river
Outline of this presentation
Introduction Basics of Renewable Technologies Scenario of Renewable Energy generation in
India Issues involved in Grid Integration of RE: International Experience The Road ahead
WIND ENERGY HARNESSED
SR Maximum Wind -17.08.10 AT 18:59 HRS
a) % of Wind in SR I/C – 17% % of Wind Gen in SR Demand Met – 14.9 %
b) % of Wind in TN I/C – 39.4 % % of Wind Gen in TN Demand - 31.3 %
Capacities in MW as on 31-12-10 Inst. Cap. Potential
Wind Power 13066 48561
Small Hydro Power 2939 14292
Biomass Power 997 8680
Bagasse Cogeneration 1562 5000
Waste to Power (Urban & Industrial )
72 7000
Solar Power (SPV) 18 200000
Total 18654 283533
Source : MNRE
Wind Power Potential Wind Power Potential
Sl.No. Sources Potential in MW1 Andhra Pradesh 89682 Gujarat 106453 Karnataka 115314 Madhya Pradesh 10195 Maharashtra 45846 Rajasthan 48587 Tamil Nadu 55308 Kerala 11719 Orissa 255
48561Total
State Wise -Wind potential in India
Map showing Solar radiation across Map showing Solar radiation across India India
Potential Capacity of RE Sources StatewisePotential Capacity of RE Sources Statewise
State Wind SHP BiomassAndhra Pradesh 8968 552 830Arunchal Pradesh 1333 Chattisgarh 830Gujarat 10645 916Haryana 110 Himachal Pradesh 2268 Jammu & Kashmir 1411 Karnataka 11531 643 859Kerala 1171 Maharashtra 4584 762 1711Madhra Pradesh 1019 400 1059Nagaland 28.67 Punjab 390 Rajasthan 4858 63 1289Tamilnadu 5530 1186Uttaranchal 1609 West Bengal 450
Total 48756 9569.67 8680
Wind MapWind MapSolar MapSolar MapBoth Solar and wind Both Solar and wind concentration are concentration are geographically samegeographically same
KARNATAKA WIND GENERATION ON MAXIMUM GENERATION DAY 29.277 MU on Date - 31-07-2010
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Diurnal patterns
Seasonal patterns
Integration issues of Wind
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
Planning Transmission system for RE Initially wind as an energy rather than capacity
addition As the penetration of the wind increases, Wind
treated interms of MW capacity
Network development and O&M upto the pooling station by the wind developer beyond the pooling station by the Distribution
licensee N-1 criterion to be maintained
Criteria used for Tr. Planning of Conventional power to be upgraded for RE
Studies for power flow, time-domain and small-signal stability along with short-circuit duty analyses tools
Trade off between network optimal utilization and redundancy Dynamic Line Rating : During high wind periods the network
can be loaded to a higher levels of thermal ratings of the network because of higher heat dissipation due to wind. This concept is called dynamic Line rating.
Diversity Factor : Wind farms are usually located across large geographical spreads, hence wind pattern for all the wind mills and wind farms is not the same, thus the wind production at a given point of time is not same for all the wind generators and farms. This is called Diversity factor and is to be duly factored while designing evacuation systems.
Planning Transmission system for RE
Planning criterion for RE Outage of wind generator should be planned during lean wind
season, outage of solar, if required during the rainy season and outage of run-of-the-via hydro power plant in the lean water season.
Time frame Planning criterion
1 -30 years transmission and resource adequacy assessments.
1 year- 1 month New capacity addition, Tr. Adequacy assessment
1 day- 1 week Wind forecast, Demand forecast, Congestion monitoring, Market operations,
Minutes - hour Wind forecast, Demand forecast, Unit Commitment and L-G balance
Seconds-to-minutes Protection, AGC, Governor, Excitations systems, PSS, AVRs, SPS, FRT capability
50Hz
Load Generation
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
TN WIND GENERATION
TAMILNADU WIND GENERATION ON MAXIMUM GENERATION DAY 59.61 MU on 16-07-2010
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TIME ?Data taken from SCADA TIME →
(28% of Energy)
SR Maximum Wind -17.08.10 AT 18:59 HRS
% of Wind in SR I/C – 17% % of Wind Gen in SR Demand Met – 14.9 %
% of Wind in TN I/C – 39.4 % % of Wind Gen in TN Demand - 31.3 %
Intermittancy: not continuously availableVariability : variable in magnitudeUncertainity : Variations may not be as Expected
KARNATAKA WIND GENERATION
KARNATAKA WIND GENERATION ON MAXIMUM GENERATION DAY 29.277 MU on Date - 31-07-2010
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TN WIND GENERATION MUs
Data are as received from TN
Impact of Variability on Home state
Wind generation typically varies from 800 to 2000 MWs. Increased requirement of spinning reserve Dip the system frequency due to absence of spinning reserve Increasing the spot market cost of power Host state having to resort to massive load shedding Additional costs of dispatch of Liquid generation to offset the
drop in RE generation Any committed export through bilateral open access contracts
can not be revised adding to the voes of the host state. Burden of Frequency Support Ancillary services Sudden Increase in RE generation- Thermal Gen backing down
has limitations
DEALING WITH WIND VARIABILITY
SPINNING RESERVE/ON CALL HYDRO ESTABLISHED METHOD IN MOST COUNTRIES
ADDITIONAL SPINNING RESERVE MANDATED WITH INCREASED
PENETRATION
WHO BEARS THE COST?
HYDRO AS HEDGE
PUMPED STORAGE DINORWIG IN UK
KADAMPARAI,SRISAILAM INDIA
OPEN CYCLE GAS PLANTS
GRID INTERCONNECTS TO HARVEST DIVERSITY
FUTURE -STORAGE
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
Need for Accurate Forecasting
Maintain Load Generation balance Increasing penetration of RE Absence of spinning reserve Perennial deficits in Generation Effect of Higher Intermittency of RE Thrust on Market participation of RE Ensure level playing field to Buyers of RE Favorable policy to RE vis-à-vis Accountability of RE gen Forecasting with minimum accuracy of 30% for wind and 20%
for Solar – IEGC mandate Day ahead forecast for 15 min time blocks
Inputs : Meteorological data of Weather from satellites, Site topography, SCADA/ current data of weather, power, and historical data of weather and power • Earth surface divided into a grid of 35x70km and Earth’s atmosphere into 64 layers• The meso scale models further divide the data into 2.5 sq km or 0.5 sq.km grid • A digital model of Flow modelling, wake effect, and turbine output • Forecast methods are based on statistical techniques involving Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), Adaptive techniques, Time Series Anlaysis, Climatology. Inputs are fed to different Suite of models which are distinctly based on An intelligent model will combine the results of these individual models and gives a best fit of
results. • The results are continuously fine tuned by taking real time data inputs from wind farms on live updates of wind speed, live SCADA and site geography. Output :The wind forecast is based on Forecast process is done upto 16 days ahead, • In the first 7 days it is run for 3 hour intervals while for the remaining period it run for
8 hour intervals. • On day ahead basis, it is run for 4 times for a window of 6 hours with a granularity of
10 minutes, which has to be ultimately aligned with 15 min average values.
• The errors will be lesser and uncertainty band will be tighter for shorter forecast horizons.
How the Forecast is done?
Flow Diagram of a Forecast model
NWPForecast
Suite of Models
Powermodel
Powerforecast
Modeladaptation
Modeladaptation
Wind speedforecast
HistoricSCADA
LiveSCADA
NWPForecast
NWPForecast
Adaptive statistics ClimatologyTime Series
Intelligent Model Combination
LiveSCADAOptimised combination of NWP
suppliersIncorporation of mesoscale models
Regular live feedback from the wind farm“Learning” Algorithms for:
MeteorologyPower models
Sitegeography
Comparison of Actual power with predicted Values
Aggregating of Forecast Geographic area-wise Control Area-wise Developer-wise Windfarm wise Seller-wise Bilateral vis-à-vis Collective 4.i) of Complementary Commercial Mechanisms of IEGC
Day ahead forecast: Wind/ power forecast with an interval of 15 minutes for the next 24 hours for the aggregate Generation capacity of 10 MW and above.
Single Turbine
A Windfarm
A Control Area
Variability over a large Area is lesser
Forecast to be furnished to Host Control Area
For Operational planning and Real time Monitoring
RLDC For Operational planning and Real time Monitoring For Checking the Schedule Vs Actual
Forecast model to be adopted for Indian weather conditions Special Emphasis on Ramp Events Advance info on Forecast of Ramp Events to be given to
System Operation at regular intervals and time horizons
Forecasting/Scheduling
Telemetry
Real TimeMonitoring
ReserveBalancing
Trading
Forecast Data Flow to various functionalities
Need for Scheduling leads to……
Forecasting Revising to minimise UI Real Time monitoring (SCADA requirements) Need to measure Actuals (Metering) UI accounting (pool participation) RRF
Scheduling applicability
Wind farms with collective capacity >= 10MW Solar generating plants with capacity >= 5MW
connected at >=33 KV level who have not signed any PPA with states/UTs/DVC or
others Nodal developer to be identified for co-ordination for
SCDA, Metering, Scheduling, UI Charges, RRF etc. Scheduling of RE w.e.f 01-01-12
How to accommodate Forecasted changes in Bilateral and Collective Schedules?
No Revision allowed in Collective schedules Revisions upto a max 8 times in day ( 1 for each 3 hr
time slot) allowed in bilateral Revisions after a 6 time block notice Treat Collective as Fixed and revise the Bilateral as
per forecast changes +ve changes : Easier to Manage -Ve Changes : L-G balance and Frequency will be
effected. How to manage Ramp Events?
Intervals for Revisions of Intra-day Bilateral Trade Schedules
3 hours
6 blocks notice
3 hours 3 hours 3 hours 3 hours 3 hours 3 hours 3 hours
Collective schedules can not be revised. Real time Deviations due to fixed collective
schedules to be factored for operational planning
Procedures for RRF mechanism :3.6. The concerned SLDC/RLDC will be responsible for checking that there is no gaming (gaming is an intentional mis-declaration of a parameter related to commercial mechanism in vogue, in order to make an undue commercial gain).
Why limit Sale under Collective transactions (Px) ?
Px schedules can not be revised
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
IEGC mandates…
Wind farms shall have communication channel which is continuously available to system operator.
- Data Acquisition System facility shall be provided for transfer of information to concerned SLDC and RLDC
Due to dispersed and distributed nature of the wind generation across a large geo-graphical area, telemetering the data is a challenge
Real time data from wind turbines is metered and shall be transmitted to the local control centre of each wind farm.
The net injection of the wind farm is also measured at the pooling station and transmitted to the Area control centre (SubLDC), which in turn is re-transmitted to SLDC
As of now Only partial data is transmistted to SRLDC. Sometimes manually replaced data is sent
SCADA and telemetry :
WIND MILLS TELEMETRY TYPICAL LAYOUT
110 kV Bus
33kV or 11 kV Bus
LOADS
Untelemetered
X MW injectedto 110kV Bus
(Telemetered)
WIND MILLS
Typical Windfarm LayoutTypical Windfarm Layout
VCBVCB
VCBVCB
VCBVCB
33KV - Internal Lines
33KV - Internal Lines
33KV - Internal Lines
33KV - External Lines
33KV - External Lines
33KV - External Lines
Cluster-1
Cluster-2
Cluster-3
L1
L2
L3
Billing Meters
Transmission Grid
Grid Substation
WINDFARMWINDFARM WINDFARM SSWINDFARM SS
G1 G2
UTILITY SSUTILITY SS
220 KV132 KV110 KV66 KV
Local Loads
Congestion anticipated after Kudankulam (2x1000MW) new IPPs in coastal TN and AP come up
EVACUATION STUDY FOR TN WIND: NETWORK SUFFICIENCY
PRESENTLY THERE ARE NO NETWORK CONSTRAINTS FOR EVACUATION WIND UPTO 2500 MW.
NEW ELEMENTS ADDED FOR STRENGTHENING ARE HIGHLIGHTED
Each Region has to conductStudies to know How much wind can be accomodated
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
Protection requirements for RE :
Under-Voltage/ Over Voltage protection Under frequency / Over frequency protection Over current and earth fault protection Load unbalance (negative sequence ) protection Differential protection for WTG and grid
connecting Transformer. Capacitor bank protection
Reactive Compensation (0.95 pf lag or lead) Fault Ride Through (FRT) Lightning protection of WTG system shall be
according to IEC TR 61400-24 Preferred configuration of the grid connecting
transformer is delta connection on the wind farm side and grounded wye connection on the transmission system (grid) side to block the harmonics current and to detect the earth faults on the grid side .
Protection requirements for RE :
Fault Ride Through / Low Voltage Ride Through (FRT/ LVRT)
WTG to stay connected to the grid during voltage dips caused by short-circuit one or all phase of its terminal current upto a specified voltage level. It is achieved through modifications of the turbine generator controls . This capability is essential as large scale trippings of Wind Turbines in large Wind farms result in disturbance in load flows. This should be achieved without damaging the WTG due to unbalance torque, Electronic and mechanical components.
Integration issues of Wind
Planning criterion for RE Variability and Intermittancy Forecasting and Scheduling SCADA / telemetry Network related Problems and Congestion Protection Commercial mechanism implementation
Commercial Options for RE GenOption Schedul
ing by ?REC eligible ?
Cost Revision in
Scheduling
Forecast
Reqd?
1 PPAs with home state( Preferential Tariff
By SLDC
No FIT ( as decided by SERC)
As per state policy Required
2 Bilateral with an Intra-state buyer
By SLDC
Yes Mutually negotiated As per state policy Required
3 Bilateral with an Intra-Regional state buyer
By RLDC
Yes Mutually negotiated Max once in 3 hrs. 1.5hrs notice
Required
4 Bilateral with an Inter-Regional state buyer
By RLDCs
Yes Mutually negotiated Max once in3 hrs. 1.5hrs notice
Required
5 Collective transaction through Px
By RLDCs
No Price discovered thro’ Auction
Not allowed Required
Options for DISCOMs to fulfill RPO
RPO
Buy Power @ Preferential Tariff
Buy REC
What is RPO ? Renewable Purchase Obligation specified by SERC. It will :Incentivise the RE generator Socialise the cost of variations by REReduce the Geographical imbalances in RE spread
Options for RE generators
Sale of Electricity at Market Price in open market
Sale of electricity to Obligated Entities at State regulated tariff
Prefrential Tariff[State Regulated Tariff]
REC [Solar & Non-Solar]
Sale of RECs at Power Exchange
* - Weighted Average Pooled Price at which distribution licensee has purchased electricity (including cost of self generation, long-term and short term purchase) in the previous year, but excluding the cost of RE power purchase
Sell to DisComs at Price ≤ Pooled Cost of Power Purchase*
REC OptionElectricity Green
Attributes
REC Framework: Eligibility
Self Consumption/Captive use
Third party sale/Open Access
PPA with Distribution
Licensee
No Promotional
Wheeling
No Promotional
Banking
No Electricity
Duty Exempt
Sale at Mutually Agreed Price
PPA at Preferential
Tariff
PPA at Average Power Purchase
Cost
Eligible Eligible Not Eligible
Eligible if All Three conditions mentioned above are met
04/20/23
Grid Connected RE technology approved by MNRE
Steps involved in REC mechanism SERCs to specify Renewable Purchase Obligationat 5% in year 2010, increasing
1% every year for 10 years. SERC to designate SA CERC to designate CA State Agency (SA) gives Accreditation of RE generator Central Agency (CA) for Registration of RE and operate RE registry Px for Price discovery RE generators to apply for REC (within 3 months of generation) SLDC to certify the RE generation CA issues REC based on SLDC Certification (Solar and Non-solar) RE can trade REC in either IEX or PxIL
One REC for 1 MWh of electricity injected (365 days from the date of issuance)
REC would be issued to RE generators only REC mechanism is expected
to overcome geographical constraints Facilitate effective implementation of RPO compliance, reduce risks for local Discom, reduce transaction costs create competition among different RE technologies
Recognition SERC to recognize REC as valid instrument for RPO compliance
State Agency
SERC to designate State Agency for accreditation for RPO compliance
and REC mechanism at State level
Central Agency
CERC to designate Central Agency for registration, issuance of REC,
repository for implementation of REC framework at national level
Only accredited project can register for REC at Central Agency
Non solar REC (Rs/ MWh)
Solar REC (Rs/ MWh)
Forbearance Price 3,900 17,000
Floor Price 1,500 12,000
Outline of this presentation
Introduction Basics of Renewable Technologies Scenario of Renewable Energy generation in
India Issues involved in Grid Integration of RE: International Experience The Road ahead
World wide Wind Installed capacities
As in 2010
Country Inst. capacity (MW)
China 42,287
United States 40,180
Germany 27,214
Spain 20,676
India 13,065
Italy 5,660
France 5,660
United Kingdom 5,204
Canada 4,009
Denmark 3,752
GEMAS – a tool for RE integration computes Max. Admissible Wind Gen.
GEMAS carries out every 20 minutes 3-ph dead faults in the bus bars of 70 different substations.
Outline of this presentation
Introduction Basics of Renewable Technologies Scenario of Renewable Energy generation in
India Issues involved in Grid Integration of RE: International Experience The Road ahead
Storage Technologies to address variability
Pumped hydro storage High Energy Battery storage Storage Capacitors Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Flywheel energy storage Thermal Energy Storage Smart Grid applications Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
70
KADAMPARAI PUMP MODE ON 18-MAR-03
KADAMPARAI
-500
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TIME IN HOURS --->
IN M
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48.849.049.249.449.649.850.050.250.450.650.851.0
6MUs pumped
Open Access for Renewables
New initiatives
Scheduling and OA of RE Open Access through LTA/ MTOA/ STOA route
envisaged Applicable to Wind and Solar without LT (PPAs not
signed as on 03-5-10) Forecasting of Wind and Solar necessary Host state to be immune from the UI of RE RRF (Renewable Regulatory Fund) to be setup for
socialising the impact of UI of RE
Individual developer basis or a group of developers, with collective capacity Wind 10MW and Solar 5MW connected at 33kV and above
Day ahead forecast for 15 min time blocks Scheduling of RE w.e.f 01-01-12 Revisions with a 6 time block notice Forecasting with minimum accuracy of 30% for
wind and 20% for Solar Revisions allowed upto 8 times in a day ( 1 each
@ 3hour intervals)
Scope
Scope If the collective capacity is through a group of
developers, they shall sign an agreement which shall clearly specify the nodal developer who shall be responsible for coordinating on behalf of all the developers on issues like SCADA, metering, scheduling, UI charges, Renewable Regulatory Fund, with concerned SLDC/RLDC etc.
RRF procedure shall not be applicable to plants selling power through collective transactions as no revisions in schedules are envisaged in the same and buyers and sellers are anonymous.
Mock Exercise for RRF to start from 01-07-11 3.2 Wind Farm/Solar Energy Generators, which are intra-State
entities, shall furnish the details of Contracts along with contracted price to the concerned RPC and RLDC through the respective SLDC. Wind Farm/Solar Energy Generator, which are regional entities, shall furnish the details of Contracts along with contracted price through the respective RLDC to the concerned RPC.
3.6. The concerned SLDC/RLDC will be responsible for checking that there is no gaming (gaming is an intentional mis-declaration of a parameter related to commercial mechanism in vogue, in order to make an undue commercial gain).
6.1. The schedule of solar generation shall be given by the generator based on availability of the generator, weather forecasting, solar insolation, season and normal solar generation curve and shall be vetted by the RLDC in which the generator is located and incorporated in the inter-state schedule. If RLDC is of the opinion that the schedule is not realistic, it may ask the solar generator to modify the schedule
Mock Exercise for RRF to start from 01-07-11
8.2. SLDCs/Control Centres of the States/UTs/DVC, in which the wind farm/solar generator is located, shall provide the 15-minute block-wise data of schedule and actual generation from wind farm generation/ Solar Generation plants as recorded in the Special Energy Meters to the concerned RLDC and NLDC on a weekly basis. All the data shall be submitted in the form prescribed by the NLDC…... Processed data means the data of scheduled generation and actual generation of wind farm/solar generator and the deviations of generation within the +/- 30% block, +30% to +50% block, below - 30% block and above +50% block in the case of wind farms on 15-minute block basis and the deviations of generation of solar generator on 15-minute block basis.
Renewable Regulatory Fund
Opened, Maintained and operated by the National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) on a national level known by the “Renewable Regulatory Fund (RRF) on the lines of UI Pool Account at the Regional level.
All states/UT/DVC in the country to share the net amount in RRF in the ratio of peak demand met in the previous month as per CEA data
RRF will bear the UI charges including Additional charges for O/D @F<49.5Hz
NLDC Procedures for RRF NLDC to manage RRF Settlement to/ by RRF on weekly basis Surplus or deficit in RRF to be Shared by all
states on monthly basis In the ratio of peak demand of previous month
as published by CEA
UI upto 30%
UI not payable by RE Purchaser to pay for 70MW to RE and 30MW
to RRF at UI rate of his region RRF to pay Host state for 30MW at his UI
rate corresponding to UI of RE Host State to pay to UI Pool for 30MW
-ve UI by RE upto -30%
Purchaser
Pay for 7
0MW
Pay for 30MW @ his UI rate
Host State
Pay for 30MW UI@ Ui rate of Host state
All states in the country
Power sold by RE : 100MWUI by RE : -30MW
On a monthly
basis
Pay for 30MW UI
UI charges includeAdditional charges if any
Any Additional UI charges to Host state on a/c of U/D by (Solar +Wind) to be compensated by RRF
UI Pool
RRF
UI upto 40%
UI upto 10% payable by RE to Home State Purchaser to pay for 70MW to RE and 30MW to
RRF at UI rate of his region RRF to pay Host state for 30MW at his UI rate
and Additional UI charges (corresponding to UI of RE)
Host state to pay to UI Pool for 30MW including Additional charges if any
RE to pay UI pool for 10MW (including additional UI charges if any)
-ve UI by RE upto -40%
Purchaser
Pay for 60MW
Pay for 40MW
@ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 30MW UI
All states in the country
Power sold by RE : 100MWUI by RE : -40MW
On a monthly basis
Pay/ Receive for 10MW UI @(UI rate-Contracted rate)
UI charges include Additional charges if any
Any Additional UI charges to Host state on a/c of U/D by (Solar +Wind) to be compensated by RRF
Pay/ Receive for 10MW UI @(UI rate-Contracted rate)
Receive for 40MW UI @his UI rate and Additional charges if any If O/D
UI Pool
RRF
UI upto +30%
not receivable by RE Purchaser to pay for 130MW to RE RRF to pay Purchaser for 30MW at UI rate of
his region UI Pool to pay Host state for 30MW at his UI
rate Host State to pay to RRF for 30MW including
Additional charges
+ve UI by RE upto30%
Purchaser
Pay for 130MW
@ contract price
Pay for 30MW
@ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 30MW UI
Pay for 30MW UI @his (UI rate-Cap rate) if U/D and Additional charges if any If O/D
Power sold by RE : 100MWUI by RE : +30MW
On a monthly
basis a
s per
Peak demand m
et in
previo
us month
Any loss to Host state on a/c of Capped rates for U/D to be compensated by RRF Due to overgenearation by (Solar +Wind)
UI Pool
RRF
UI upto +40% but<50%
UI for 10% receivable by RE from UIPool Purchaser to pay for 130MW to RE RRF to pay Purchaser for 30MW at UI rate of
his region Host state to pay RRF for 30MW including
Additional charges Host State to pay UI Pool for 10MW
+ve UI by RE between 30% and 50%
Purchaser
Pay for 1
40MW
@co
ntract
price
Pay for 40MW @ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 30MW UI
Pay /receive for 10MW If (UI rate-Cap rate) if U/D and Additional charges if any if O/D
Power sold by RE : 100MWUI by RE : +40MW
On a monthly basis
Pay for 10MW UI
Pay / Receive for 10MW (UI –contract price)
UI Pool
RRF
UI beyond 50%
UI in excess of 30% receivable by RE from UI Pool (excess beyond 50% at capped rate of 50Hz)
Purchaser to pay for 130MW to RE RRF to pay Purchaser for 30MW at UI rate of
his region Host state to pay RRF for 30MW including
Additional charges Host to pay UI Pool for excess of 30%
Purchaser
Pay for 1
50MW
@co
ntracte
d rate
Pay for 30MW
@ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 30MW UI
Pay for 20MW UI and Additional charges if any
Power sold by RE : 100MWUI by RE : +60MW
On a monthly basis
Pay for 20MW @normal UI rate And for 10MW @capped rate of 50.Hz)
UI beyond 50%
Pay/ receive for 20MW UI @(UI-Contract rate) if any
UI Pool
RRF
-ve UI by Solar
Purchaser
Pay for 80MW
@contracted rate
Pay for 20 MW @ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 20MW UI
Pay for 20MW UI and Additional charges if any
Power sold by Solar : 100MWUI by Solar: -20MW
On
a m
onth
ly b
asis
Solar
UI Pool
RRF
Purchaser
Pay for 120 MW
@ contract rate
Pay for 20MW @ his UI rate
Host StatePay for 1MW UI
Pay for 20MW UI and Additional charges if any
On
a m
onth
ly b
asis
+ve UI by Solar Power sold by Solar : 100MWUI by Solar: +20MW
Solar
UI Pool
RRF
Conclusions•With Larger Grid interconnection The variability can be better handled.•With Forecasting, Operational planning can be better executed•With Scheduling accountability is induced•With REC mechanism and trading across seams, RE will be an attractive business•Retrofitting of old machines