Integration of renewable energies into the grids Workshop: Comparing the Brazilian and German Public Policies Experiences on Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency, 19 to 21 March 2013 Univ. of Campinas, 19 th March 2013 Holger Gassner Head of Markets & Political Affairs / CR RWE Innogy GmbH
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Integration of renewable energies into the grids
Workshop: Comparing the Brazilian and German Public Policies
Experiences on Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency,
19 to 21 March 2013
Univ. of Campinas, 19th March 2013
Holger Gassner
Head of Markets & Political Affairs / CR
RWE Innogy GmbH
Page 2 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
3
2
4
Challenges in a system with high share of fluctuating generation
Options for the integration of renewable energies
Conclusions
Agenda
1 Renewable energies and development in Europe and Germany
Page 3 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
RWE Innogy in the RWE Group:
RWE Group Structure by region and function
Germany
RWE
Deutschland
RWE Power
Netherlands/ Belgium
Essent
United Kingdom
RWE npower
Central Eastern and South
Eastern Europe
RWE East
Renewable
Energies
RWE Innogy
Upstream
Gas and Oil
RWE Dea
Trading/Gas
Midstream
RWE Supply
& Trading
RWE AG Amprion RWE Technology Internal Services
Region Function
Biomass Wind onshore Wind offshore Hydro New Applications
Page 4 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
Biomasse Wind Onshore Wind Offshore Wasserkraft Neue
Technologien
RWE Innogy: Focus on wind, hydro and biomass while
also supporting new technologies
> Established in February 2008
> Bundling renewables activities and competencies
across RWE Group
> Focus on capacity growth in commercially mature
renewable technologies, i.e. wind, biomass and
hydro
> Research & Development and Venture Capital to
drive the development of emerging technologies,
e.g. solar, marine
> European focus: asset portfolio of 2.4 GW in
operation and 1.3 GW under construction mainly
located in United Kingdom, Germany,
Spain, Netherlands, Poland and Italy
GER
UK
Spain Portugal
France Switzerland
Czech
Republic
NL
BE
Poland
Italy
Neue Technologien
Wasser
Wind Onshore
Biomasse
Wind Offshore
Page 5 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
3
2
4
Challenges in a system with high share of fluctuating generation
Options for the integration of renewable energies
Conclusions
Agenda
1 Renewable energies and development in Europe and Germany
Page 6 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
Renewable energies – Comparison of single
technologies
Base load option Technology
Onshore
Hydro
Biomasse
Offshore
negative
positive
Economic
evaluation Technical risk Potential
PV
Solar Thermal
Biogas
Marine
* In combination with storage
*
Page 7 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
Envisaged cost reductions reduce future
regulatory risks
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Large PV Northern Europe
Large PV Southern Europe
CSP Europe
Biomass ø
Offshore wind (3,200h)
Onshore wind (2,000h)
Source: Dii, 2011
Average LCOE1 (€/MWh)
1 LCOE = Levelised cost of energy incl. Devex and capex
EU newly installed power generating capacity per
year in MW and RES share (%)
Source: EWEA
PAGE 9 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
The expansion of renewable energy needs to be
increased significantly
Renewable electricity generation from 1990 to 2050 (TWh)
Source: Data to 2010: BMU; Data for 2050: Energieszenarien EWI, GWS, Prognos * Other: BMU: Biogenic share of waste; EWI, GWS, Prognos: Biogenic waste, sewage and landfill gas
2050
24,5
113
41
6,4
39
5
Hydro
Wind energy
Biomass
Photovoltaics
Other*
Geothermal
20
11
2007
2005
2003
2001
1994
1990
1998
50
100
150
200
250
300
56,3
Wind Onshore
Wind Offshore
TW
h
285,2
> Targets for water, biomass, wind onshore and offshore are acceptable!
> Photovoltaics target is possible, but viewed critically because of the inefficiency and high cost!
> Assumed full load hours partially very ambitious!
Page 10 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
3
2
4
Challenges in a system with high share of fluctuating generation
Options for the integration of renewable energies
Conclusions
Agenda
1 Renewable energies and development in Europe and Germany
~Gas
23 GW
Oil, pump
storage and
others
~23 GW
Must run
~50 GW
Coal
~ 23 GW Nuclear
~12 GW
Marginal costs [€/MWh]
Forecasted load
~80 GW
Lignite
~20 GW
Capacity [GW]
Lower market
price set by
marginal costs
of lignite plant
Scenario 2: Large portion of renewable capacity is producing power
Higher market
price set by
marginal costs
of coal plant
Scenario 1: Only a small portion of renewable capacity is producing power
Forecasted load
~80 GW
Due to their priority feed-in into the grid, renewables are
pushing conventional power plants out of the market
Nuclear
Lignite
~Gas
Coal Oil, pump
storage and
others
Page 11 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
Page 12 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ability of conventional power plants to change
their load:
MW
Min
Maximum ~875 MW
Minimum ~260 MW
Gradient +/- 38 MW/Min
New CCGT power plants
Maximum ~600 MW
Minimum ~420 MW
Gradient +/- 8 MW/Min
Existing coal power
plants
Maximum ~800 MW
Minimum ~320 MW
Gradient +/- 26 MW/Min
New coal power plants
Maximum ~1260 MW
Minimum ~630 MW
Gradient +/- 63 MWMin
Nuclear power
EEG-Windenergie-Einspeisung in Deutschland im Januar 2009,
Tagesminima und Tagesmaxima der 1/4-Stunden-Leistungsprofile
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat);
1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mill. Watt; image: BMU / Bernd Müller; as at: July 2012; all figures provisional
2011: 25,039 MWp
Development of power supply and installed capacity
of PV assets in Germany
Reduction of primary energy
consumption by 50% until 2050
(baseline 2008)
Reduction of gross electricity
consumption by 25% until 2050
(baseline 2008)
Growing share of renewables of 80% in
gross electricity consumption by 2050
(to date 15%)
Growing share of renewables of 60% in
gross final energy consumption by 2050
Reduction of GHG by 80% - 95%
(baseline 1990)
The Energy Concept of the German Federal Government:
main objectives
Share of renewables in gross
final energy consumption
Share of electricity generation
from renewables in gross
electricity consumption Greenhouse gas emissions (100%=1990)
Primary energy consumption (100%= 2008)*
Electricity consumption (100%= 2008)*
* Concrete data only available for the years 2020 and 2050
More renewables, less emissions
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
2020 2030 2040 2050
18
30
45
60
35
50
65
80
- 50%
- 80%
bis - 95%
- 25%
The German electricity system is to be completely
re-structured by 2050
20%
RE
2050
Non-RE
generation
2050
Efficiency
gains until
2050 100%
German
generation
2050
Electricity
generation
2008
German
imports
2050
Electricity
demand
2050
= 80% of German
generation 2050
Source: Gross electricity generation according to 'Energieszenarien' (EWI, GWS, Prognos), table A I-7, scenario II A.
285.2 TWh RE
of 352.6 TWh
total generation
in Germany
92.3 TWh RE*
of 637.3 TWh
total generation
in Germany 14,5%
80% 56%
16%
40%
24%
20%
Triplication of RE generation
Bisection of electricity generation in Germany
* RE = renewable energy; RES = renewable energy sources
Extremely ambitious core aspects of the energy
scenarios
Page 39 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
The capacity of the German North Sea grid is insufficient and
one of the main hurdles for offshore wind to be overcome
Page 40 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013
A necessary condition for the implementation of
ambitious offshore projects: grid connection in time!
Source: E.ON Netz
In Germany, an investor currently has to wait over 50 months for the grid connection of an offshore wind farm, and this well beyond the date when the final investment decision has been taken – an unacceptible situation!
Pursuant to EnWG1, the regional transmission system operator (TSO) is responsible for the grid connection of offshore wind farms
Grid connection in Germany
Advantage – grid connection has to be financed by the TSO
Disadvantages: Uncertainties in project planning with
respect to timely grid connection of wind farms
Higher complexity due to additional interfaces
Massive delays in grid connections
Development of grid connections pursuant to 'Positionspapier
der Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)'
1EnWG: German Energy Industry Act
German Federal Government: offshore liability regime
and introduction of offshore grid development plan
> The German Federal Government tries to tackle
current problems in offshore wind development by:
> Third Act Revising the Legislation Governing the
Energy Sector
> The major focus is on a system change towards a
consistent and efficient offshore grid expansion by
introducing a binding offshore grid development
plan.
– This shall improve coordination of grid
connections and offshore wind farms.
> In addition, a compensation regulation for the
construction and operation of grid connections to
offshore wind farms shall be introduced.
– A wind farm operator will have a damage claim
against the responsible power transmission grid
operator in cases of interruptions or delays of
the establishments of the grid connection of
offshore wind farms
> First evaluation:
> Regarding compensation rules in case of late grid
connection the Bill in general goes into the right
direction; but some further adjustments are crucial
for the offshore wind industry
> Regarding the general future system for grid
connection (system shift) there are some doubts if it
really comes to more investment security and
acceleration in the process
> Development of a future offshore grid development
plan and planned process lead to strong influence of
regulator (timing, compensation, etc)
> RWE Innogy will closely monitor the further steps
within the parliamentary procedure and prepare
further thorough assessment once the Bill will have