Integrating Sources

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Integrating Sources

What are sources?PrimaryDirectly from the person (report) or time (letters / poetry/ books)Example: Chaucers Canterbury TalesSecondaryCriticism about the primary source or discussion of an experimentExample: Paul T. Thurstons Artistic Ambivalence in Chaucers Knight's Tale.TertiaryCollections about primary and secondary sources.Example: Beryl Rowlands Contemporary Chaucer Criticism.http://english.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/112/3.full.pdfNB: Some sources can be primary or secondary depending on the focus of your question/ research.Why do we use sources?Introduce and frame ideas and argumentsContrast ideas or argumentsProvide evidence for your argumentAlign your argument with an authorityDefine a conceptIllustrate a processClarify a statementSet a moodPalmquistUse of sourcesHow can I use my sources to:Accomplish my purposeAddress the needs and interests of my audience

http://www.neubloc.com/news.asp?nid=5Whats my purpose?Paper:Leading readers to the issue you are discussing or addressingResponding to your promptUse of sources:Strengthening your argument with evidence

PalmquistHow can I address the interests and needs of my audience?Analyze your assignmentDiscover your audience and their reasons for reading your paperFind what influences your readersUnderstand the type of document you are writingKnow your limitations and weaknesses

Finding sourcesLook on the Library of Congress site for subject terms

GooglescholarGenerally has a smoother search function than the libraryCan put titles found into the Library database to find availability

LibraryEaster egging helpsResearch Librarians are your friend

Library databasesCan search multiple places at onceFormatting sourcesTwo types:Direct QuotesParaphrasing

Direct quotes should be integrated:A careful selection of information from your sources can allow you to present [an] argumen[t] that might be more pointed than you would make (Palmquist 175).

Paraphrasing MUST be citedDirect Quotean exact copy of words found in a source Palmquist (133).Use quotation marks, unless it is a block quote, and cite

Block quotes Page length

MLA Uses direct quotes as supporting evidence

APAUses direct quotes rarelyOnly when it cannot be said better by paraphrasingDirect Quote IntegrationUse partial, complete, and block quotations:Partial: a single word, phrase or most of a sentenceComplete: one or more complete sentencesBlock: extended quotations MLA: 4 lines or more/ APA: 40 words

Modify quotes with ellipses, brackets, and sic:Ellipses: indicates wordsBrackets: indicates added words [words to help fit the structure of the sentence] or to clarify meaningsic: indicates errors in a source

See Palmquist page 180-181 for punctuation conventionsHave 3 quotes ready to modify.10Examples of modificationThe writing center is open from 9 am to 8 pm and serves all TAMUCC students.The writing center serves all TAMUCC students.

Directly from the book: Your careful selection of information from your sources can allow you to present arguments that might be more pointed than you might want to make on your own.At use in our presentation: A careful selection of information from your sources can allow you to present [an] argumen[t] that might be more pointed than you would make (Palmquist 175).

In an interview with five year old Maddy, she discussed her fathers anger over her constant running in the house: daddy was mad because I runned [sic] in the house and knocked over the table.

ParaphrasingParaphrasing a source means taking the meaning of a passage and putting it in your own words (Palmquist 135).Do not use quotation marks Do cite

MLA Uses paraphrased sources as supporting evidence

APAPrefers paraphrasingParaphrasing allows the distribution of information in a compact and concise manner

When paraphrasing, do not

Copy another persons work word for word!Substitute synonyms for words in the original text!

This is considered plagiarism.

Problems when substituting wordsIt may be too close to the original textIt may reflect the authors creative use of languageIt may distort the original meaningIt may be grammatically incorrect Effectively Integrating SourcesHow do you create strong evidence?The Quotation Sandwich

Idea + Quotation + Explanation = Evidence

BoeckClaimClearly state your claim point idea.

Anime is part of a cultural art that has existed for centuries and adapts to cultural shifts.

Find a quote that supports this.

BoeckQuoteBefore using a quotation in your paper, you should introduce it.Make a smooth transition from your own words to those of another source.

Jonathan Gladden discusses in his paper, Animania, the idea that Japanese anime & manga represent a highly developed art form which surpasses western comics in their quality of artistry, social comment and adaptability to people of races, genders, and social-economic groups (1).

Avoid dropped quotes in a paper by using a signal phrase

BoeckSignal PhraseMay Include:Authors name and a verbTitle of workJonathan Gladden discusses in his paper, Animania, the idea that Japanese anime & manga represent a highly developed art form which surpasses western comics in their quality of artistry, social comment and adaptability to people of races, genders, and social-economic groups (1).

TIP: Read your sentence aloud without quotes to ensure an integrated quote.BoeckExplainCreate a sentence that explains its significance

Show how it supports your claim

Explain how this supports the focus of your paper

Because of its adaptability, Animes popularity as a cultural art has endured as a separate art form since the nineteen thirties.BoeckMake the SandwichAnime is part of a cultural art that has existed for centuries and adapts to cultural shifts. Jonathan Gladden discusses in his paper, Animania, the idea that Japanese anime & manga represent a highly developed art form which surpasses western comics in their quality of artistry, social comment and adaptability to people of races, genders, and social-economic groups (1). Because of its adaptability, Animes popularity as a cultural art has endured as a separate art form since the nineteen thirties.

Works CitedBoeck, Dawn. Integrating Sources. Paper. Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 2011. Print.Gladden, Jonathan. Animania: Inside the World of Japanese Animation and Comic Art. Paper. Ohio State University, 1997. Web. Palmquist, Mike. The Bedford Researcher. 2nd ed. Boston, NY: Bedford/ St. Martin's, 2006. Print.

ReferencesBoeck, D. (2011). Integrating sources. Informally published manuscript, Writing Center, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX. Gladden, J. (1997). Animania: inside the world of Japanese animation and comic art. Informally published manuscript, Advanced Computing Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Retrieved from www.gladdengraphics.com/academics/ResearchPapers/Animania.pdfPalmquist, M. (2006). The Bedford researcher. (2nd ed. ed.). Boston, NY: Bedford/ St. Martin's.

Integration Activity!

Take a source for your current paper, find a quote, and make a sandwich.