Integrating Conflict & Negotiations- Gandhian Perspective

7/31/2019 Integrating Conflict & Negotiations- Gandhian Perspective

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Presented by:- VIKAS KUMAR

IMBA,3rdSem

Centre for Business Administration


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INTRODUCTION:

According to Gandhi conflicts have potentiality toturn into confirmed problems.

To achieve aim of conflict resolution andestablishing peace, Gandhi propounded his

philosophy of peace. Gandhi's approach had always been holistic as

human life is a synthetic whole, which can not bedivided in social, religious, political life etc.

Gandhi asserts that besides individual endeavour

corporate actions are also needed. The most fundamental principle of his philosophy

is Ahimsa or non-violence.


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Gandhis Technique of

Conflict Resolution:

Satyagrahais Gandhis technique of

nonviolent activism.

For Gandhi it was not only a method of

conducting conflict, it was also a way of life.

By Satyagraha he meant Life of Truth.

A satyagrahi must never forget the distinction

between evil and the evil-doer-M.K.Gandhi Gandhi gave some conflict norms which gave

rise to integrative conflict norms.


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Gandhian Conflict Norms:

Gandhian conflict norms are divided into three parts.

1.)The first norm relates to goals and conflicts, andstates that:

One should act in a conflict

Define the conflict well Have a positive approach towards conflict

2.)The second norm relates to conflict struggle andstates that

One should act non violently in conflicts

To act in a goal-consistent manner Not to cooperate with the evil


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Contd...

To be willing to sacrifice

Not to polarize the situation

One should not escalate

3.)The third and final norm relates to conflict resolution

and it directs that: Conflict should be solved

We should insist on essential rather than non-essential

We should see ourselves as fallible

We should be generous with opponents & finally we should aim for conversion rather than

coercion.


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Conflict Resolution Theory

in the Gandhian Literature:

Among western scholars Arne Naess was

greatly influenced by Gandhi.

His bookGandhi and Group Conflict (1974)

systematizes the norms and hypotheses that

undergird Gandhian approach to the

resolution of conflict.

Some of his prepositions are: all human beings have long-term interests in

common


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Contd...

violence is invited from opponents if they are

humiliated or provoked

Opponents are less likely to resort to violence the

better they know your position

The essential interests which opponents have in

common should be clearly formulated and

cooperation established on that basis

Personal contact with the opponent should be

sought

Opponent should not be judged harder than the

self


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Contd...

Opponents should be trusted

An unwillingness to compromise on non-essentials

decreases the likelihood of true resolution

A position of weakness in an opponent should notbe exploited

Naess ex-pupil and the founder of modern

peace research was Johan Galtung.

He gave the us the Gandhi-inspiredconcept of Structural Violence.


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Contd..

He wrote a book in 1971 which had asection on Gandhi and conflict resolution.

In his book he lists six approaches to

conflict resolution where the incompatibilityis eliminated.

Resolving the incompatibility

Compromise

Trading Multilateralization(taking the conflict out of

the frame where it is often stuck)


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Contd...

Integration

decoupling


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The Links between Gandhis

and Modern

Conflict Resolution Practice: John Burton was a pioneering analyst of

position of needs in conflict situations

For Burton, conflicts may be resolved &disputes may be settled without conflicts

being resolved

According to Burton violation of innate

human need leads to conflict and crime

The satisfaction of these innate human

needs can resolve conflicts


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Contd...

In the 1960s a new approach focussing on the

human needs became fashionable

In this approach for organizational conflicts,

conflicting parties are brought together to analyse

the conflict in non-bargaining so that the conflict

can be truly resolved

For interpersonal disputes, community or

neighbourhood justice centres were used

These developments gradually moved towards

Gandhian model


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Integrating Conflict & Negotiations- Gandhian Perspective

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