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Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin AbdullahChair

GWP South East Asia Steering CommitteeGWP-SEA SC

7 December 2004

Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia

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MALAYSIA

JAPAN

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MALAYSIA

Equator

Located in Humid Tropics Developing country - GDP US$ 3,800

(1/10th Japan)

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CloudClimate - Tropical weather all year round

Temperature 21°C to 32°C

CLIMATECLIMATE

Humidity Ave. 80%

Rainfall 3,000 mm

Distinct dry and rainy seasons

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0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Europe 3,210

Asia 14,410

Africa 4,570

North America 8,200

South America 11,760

Oceania 2,388

World 44,540

Malaysia 990

Runoff (cu. Km per year)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Europe 18

Asia 13

Africa 19

North America 53

South America 108

Oceania 252

World 24

Malaysia 47

Availability (cu. M per person per day)

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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES

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1) Water Shortages

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Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia

7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4

1.52.9

4.4

9.68.9

11.9

14.8

16.9

20.0

6.5

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Year

Wa

ter

De

ma

nd

(b

illio

n m

3 )

Total

Domestic & Industry

Irrigation

Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia

7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4

1.52.9

4.4

9.68.9

11.9

14.8

16.9

20.0

6.5

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Year

Wa

ter

De

ma

nd

(b

illio

n m

3 )

Total

Domestic & Industry

Irrigation 4 %

Water Use

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Water Crisis

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Seasonal Variation in Annual RainfallSeasonal Variation in Annual Rainfall

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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

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Flood victims being evacuated

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• Flooded area - 29,720 km²

• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia

Flood ImpactsFlood Impacts

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LumpurKuala

S.Linggi

KELANTAN

Ipoh

Shah Alam

S.Perak

S.Bernam

Seremban

S.Klang

SELANGOR

Kangar

Alor Setar

George Town

PINANGPULAU

LANGKAWIPULAU

S.Muda

KEDAH

PERLIS

PERAK

THAILAND

S.Rompin

SINGAPORE

Kuantan

S.Pahang

S.Cukai

S.Muar

S.Batu Pahat

S.Benut

PAHANG

SEMBILANNEGERI

MELAKA

MelakaS.Melaka

JOHOR

S.Kuantan

S.Johor

BahruJohor

S.Endau

S.Dungun

Kuala Terengganu

Kota Bharu

TERENGGANU

S.Kelantan

S.Terengganu

Flood Prone Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

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S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.SarawakS.SarawakKucingKucing

SARAWAK

S.BaramS.Baram

LAB UAN

Kota KinabaluKota Kinabalu

SABAH

S.KinabatanganS.Kinabatangan

FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

Flood Prone Areas in Sabah & Sarawak

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• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²


• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected


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• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²


• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected

• Average annual flood damage for country is estimated at RM 1 billion (US$ 263 million)


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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

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Ref: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2002

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RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %

OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA

RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %

OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA

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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

4) River Sedimentation

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Dec 2004 Hills cleared for Agriculture

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Dec 2004 Uncontrolled Land Clearing

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Erosion

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Siltation in rivers

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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water


5) Policy Issues

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• Perceived abundance of water lower priority on national agenda

• Federal, State, Local governments involved in various aspects of water

• No national policy on water

• Inadequate financial allocation

• Poor understanding of economic tools and instruments; privatisation

• Emphasis on resource utilization rather than resource conservation (supply enhancement cf demand management)

Policy Issues

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Production capacity and water demand (mld) (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

600019

98

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Pro

duct

ion a

nd d

eman

d (m

ld)

Water demand Production capacity

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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water


5) Policy Issues

6) Legal Issues

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• Over-abundance of sectoral-based water laws

• Laws govern use rather than protection of resources

• Many laws outdated, redundant or ambiguous; conflicts / overlaps common

• Lack of comprehensive water law

• Inadequate penalities

• Malaysian Constitution

• Land and water state matters

• Rivers within jurisdiction of State

Legal Issues

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1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water


5) Policy Issues

6) Legal Issues

7) Institutional Issues

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• Little or no formal mechanism to integrate and co-ordinate activities on water

• Numerous Ministries and Departments

• regulate & manage various water sectors

• duplication of efforts; gaps

• competition and conflict

• No Apex organisations

• Little or no public participation

• Growing recognition on need for proper management and coordinated efforts to integrate various disciplines throughout whole development cycle

Institutional Issues

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Growing recognition that IWRM

(Integrated Water Resources

Management) is crucial

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INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

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Integrated Water Resources Management

Defined as :“co-ordinated management of resources in

natural environment (water, land, flora, fauna)based on river basin as a geographical unit,

with objective of balancing man’s needswith necessity of conserving resources

to ensure their sustainability”

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

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• Geared towards integrating and coordinating policies, programs and practices

• Addresses water related issues• Requires improved professional

capability• Increased financial, legislative,

managerial and political capacity

IWRMIWRM

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EconomicEfficiency Equity

EnvironmentalSustainability

Management Instruments

EnablingEnvironment

InstitutionalFrameworks

Managing Water for Sustainablity

Principles

Ref: GWP

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MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN

IWRM

MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN

IWRM

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure




EnablingEnvironment



Principles

Ref: GWP

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure




EnablingEnvironment



Principles

Ref: GWP

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Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment

1) Water Vision

“In support of Vision 2020 (towards achieving developed nation status)

Malaysia will conserve and manage its water resources to ensure adequate and safe water for all (including the

environment)”

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1) Water Vision

2) National Water Resources Council formed in 1998

• Chaired by Prime Minister

• Federal and State represented

• Policy making body

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1) Water Vision


3) National Water Policy being formulated

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1) Water Vision


3) National Water Policy being formulated

4) 2 - prong approach to water resources

• Water as a resource planning, integrated and holistic approach

• Water as a service efficiency, improving service delivery

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure




EnablingEnvironment



Principles

Ref: GWP

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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework

1) Re-engineering of Ministries

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment water as a resource

• Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications water as a utility

• Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries water for food

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2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)

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- main focus area for LUAS - next focus area for LUAS - service providers and private sectors

SWMAResearch

CorporateServices Regulatory

RegionalOffices

Development&

O & M

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SWMA

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SWMA

Planning

Monitoring

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FUNCTIONS OF SWMAFUNCTIONS OF SWMA

“To carry out planning and research for the development, allocations and

utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of

aquatic eco-system including flood and droughts impact mitigation”

1. PLANNING AND RESEARCH

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2. DEVELOPMENT AND O & M

“To regulate/ manage the development and O & M of water

resources related infrastructures”

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3. REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT

“To establish and implement regulations and carry out monitoring and enforcement on allocations and

utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of

aquatic eco-system including flood and drought impact mitigation”

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3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)

• Network of organisations/institutions committed to the Dublin principles

• 67 institutional members from Government departments, Private companies, Associations, NGOs

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4) MyCapNet capacity building network

• MSc course on IWRM approved

• Working on module for public sector

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4) MyCapNet capacity building network

5) Water Services Reform

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• To develop a sustainable water services industry

• Formation of a central regulatory body National Water Services Commission

• To regulate for long term benefit of consumer

• To enhance economic and technical efficiency in supply and delivery of water and sewerage services

• To ensure affordable services

• To establish transparent and effective system of governance

Water Services Reform

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure




EnablingEnvironment



Principles

Ref: GWP

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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments

1) Legal instruments

• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

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• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

• Zoning/protecting catchment areas

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1) Legal instruments• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

• Zoning/protecting catchment areas

• Better enforcement

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2) Financial instruments

• Huge investments needed to improve water sector

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• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service

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• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service

• Water tariffs conservation, affordability

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3) Planning instruments

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World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002

WSSD Plan of Action

• “To develop integrated water resource management and water efficiency plans by 2005”

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• IWRM plans

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• IWRM plans IRBM plans

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All aspect of development has impact on the river

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DAM(JPS)DAM(JPS)

IRRIGATION (JPS)

IRRIGATION (JPS)

FLOOD MITIGATION

(JPS)

FLOOD MITIGATION

(JPS)

DRAINAGE

(JPS)

DRAINAGE

(JPS)

RECREATIONRECREATION

RIVER CONSERVATION & REHABILITATIONS

RIVER CONSERVATION & REHABILITATIONS

WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY

RIVER CORRIDOR

DEVELOPMENT

RIVER CORRIDOR

DEVELOPMENT NAVIGATIONNAVIGATION

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River Basin Master Plan

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NWRC (29th July 2003) River Basin Master Plans to be the Basis for

Development within a River Basin

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4) Supply enhancement Demand management

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5) Education and Public Awareness

• Public campaigns

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Dec 2004 Working with Mass Media

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Love Our Rivers Campaign

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Dec 2004 Campaign Materials

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Public participation

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5) Education and Public Awareness

• Public campaigns

• Targeting the young

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Dec 2004 Water Box

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School children participating in River Watch Program

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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• As Malaysia develops, problems relating to water and environment is expected to intensify

• To ensure sustainable development, water resources need to be managed in an integrated and holistic manner

• Political and administrative framework and commitment vital to ensure success

• Management instruments are necessary

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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Thank You

Domo Arigato

Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia

Documents

malaysiadec2004 hills

malaysiadec2004 siltation

water state matters

total land area of malaysia

water demandmld kuala

malaysiadec2004flood

south america

malaysiadec2004policy