March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden Integrated Submillimeter Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local with Superconducting Local Oscillator Oscillator V.P. Koshelets , S.V. Shitov, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, L.V.Filippenko, O.V. Koryukin, A.S. Sobolev, M.Yu. Torgashin Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia T. de Graauw, W. Luinge, R. Hoogeveen, P. Yagoubov National Institute for Space Research (SRON), the Netherlands
50
Embed
Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator
Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator. V.P. Koshelets , S.V. Shitov, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, L.V.Filippenko, O.V. Koryukin, A.S. Sobolev, M.Yu. Torgashin Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden
Integrated Submillimeter and Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Terahertz Receivers with
Superconducting Local OscillatorSuperconducting Local Oscillator
M.Yu. TorgashinInstitute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia
T. de Graauw, W. Luinge, R. Hoogeveen, P. Yagoubov National Institute for Space Research (SRON), the Netherlands
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 2
Integrated Submillimeter and Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Terahertz Receivers with
Superconducting Local OscillatorSuperconducting Local Oscillator
OutlineOutline
· Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) – Introduction· SIR - State of Art· FFO Phase Locking; Phase Noise· SIR with Phase Locked FFO – First Implementation· TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS)· Optimization of the FFO for TELIS· 1 THz SIR - Prospects and Limitations· Conclusion
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 3
Block Diagram of Superconducting Block Diagram of Superconducting
Integrated ReceiverIntegrated Receiver
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 4
Integrated Submm Wave ReceiverIntegrated Submm Wave Receiver Single chip SIS receivers with
superconducting FFO has been studied at frequencies from 100 to 700 GHz
A DSB receiver noise temperature as low as 90 K has been achieved at 500 GHz
9-pixel Imaging Array Receiver has been successfully tested
Phase Locking (PLL) up to 700 GHz
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS Airborne Receiver for Atmospheric
Research and Environmental Monitoring; Radio Astronomy
Large Imaging Array Receiver Laboratory General Purpose MM &
Spectral line of SOSpectral line of SO22 at at 326.867 GHz326.867 GHz detected by SIR with phased-locked FFO detected by SIR with phased-locked FFO
and processed by AOSand processed by AOS
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 21
TELISTELIS
Acronym: TErahertz LImb Sounder Balloon instrument on board the MIPAS
gondola, IMK Karlsruhe Three independent frequency channels,
cryogenic heterodyne receivers:
– 500 GHz by RAL– 500-650 GHz by SRON-IREE– 1.8 THz by DLR (PI)
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 22
TELIS ObjectivesTELIS Objectives
Measure many species (together with MIPAS-B), for atmospheric science
Serve as a test platform for new sensors
Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 23
Example of the Atmospheric Example of the Atmospheric SpectrumSpectrum
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 24
TELIS-SIR Main ParametersTELIS-SIR Main Parameters
## Description Base line Goal1 Input frequency range, GHz 600 - 650 500-6502 Minimum noise temperature in the range (DSB), K 200 2503 Output IF range, GHz 4 - 8 4 - 84 Spectral resolution (width of the spectral channel), MHz 1 15 Contribution to the nearest spectral channel by phased
locked FFO (dynamic range of the spectrometer), dB-20 -20
6 Contribution to a spectral channel by phased locked FFO at 4-6 GHz offset from the carrier, K
20 20
7 LO frequency net (distance between nearest settings of the PL FFO frequency), MHz
< 300 < 300
8 Dissipated power at 4.2 K stage
(including IF amplifiers chain), mW
100 50
9 Operation temperature, K < 4.5 < 4.5
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 25
Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO
vs free running FFO linewidthvs free running FFO linewidth
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 26
FFO Linewidth: DependenceFFO Linewidth: Dependence on on Frequency and Current DensityFrequency and Current Density
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 27
Flux Flow OscillatorFlux Flow Oscillator
RRddBB = = V/ V/ IIBB
RRddCLCL = = VVFFOFFO//IICLCL
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 28
0,00 0,02 0,04 0,060,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
0,18
RdCl = 0.001 + 2.73*Rd Ib = 30 mA Ib = 27 mA Ib = 21 mA Ib = 15 mA
Rd
CL
(O
hm
)
Rd (Ohm)
RRddCLCL as a function of R as a function of Rdd
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 29
Normalized FFO LinewidthNormalized FFO Linewidth
f2 e
h
2
R d K R dCL 2e Iqp( )
2 coth
e V
2 k b T
2 e Is( )
2 coth
e Vk b T
1
2 e
h
R d R dCL I lf I lf
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 30
Normalized FFO LinewidthNormalized FFO Linewidth
f2 e
h
2
R d K R dCL 2e Iqp( )
2 coth
e V
2 k b T
2 e Is( )
2 coth
e Vk b T
1
2 e
h
R d R dCL I lf I lf
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 31
FFO Linewidth on (RFFO Linewidth on (Rdd + R + RddCLCL))
Free-running FFO linewidth and Free-running FFO linewidth and spectral ratio of the PL FFO as a spectral ratio of the PL FFO as a function of the FFO frequencyfunction of the FFO frequency
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 34
1 THz 1 THz Nb-AlOx-Nb Nb-AlOx-Nb
SIS-mixer with SIS-mixer with Double-dipole Double-dipole Antenna and Antenna and
IVCs of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO, IVCs of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO, measured at different Hmeasured at different H
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 41
Spectra of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFOSpectra of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFOat 597 GHz, at 597 GHz, f = 3.5 MHz; SR = 70%f = 3.5 MHz; SR = 70%
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 42
THz SIR – Possible ImplementationsTHz SIR – Possible Implementations
FFO FFO MixerMixer NbN-MgO/AlN-NbN NbN-MgO/AlN-NbNVg up to 6 mV (1.5 THz) PLO 2 (1 W at 1 THz)
NbN-MgO/AlN-NbN Phonon Cooled NbN HEB PLO 0.1 W ( independent) TR 700 K at 1.5 THz
Stacked NbN-MgO-NbN Phonon Cooled NbN HEBfrequency up to 3 THz
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 43
ConclusionConclusion
Optimization of of a Nb-AlOx-Nb Flux-Flow Oscillator design along with a development of the wide-band PLL system allow us to realize a FFO phase locking to a reference oscillator in the frequency range from 250 to 715 GHz. The measured absolute FFO phase noise is as low as –93 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset below the 450 GHz carrier. This fits the requirements for most practical applications.
The first implementation of a Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phased locked FFO has been tested with a resolution better than 10 kHz. The phased locked SIR has been tested successfully as a laboratory spectrometer. This study provides an important input for future development of a balloon-based 500-650 GHz integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) scheduled to fly in 2005-2006.
Receiver DSB noise temperature below 300 K has been achieved in the frequency range 850-970 GHz. Phase locking of a FFO with NbN electrodes has been demonstrated. Possible implementations of a SIR for operation at frequencies above 1 THz have been proposed.
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 44
SRON-IREE and RAL ReceiversSRON-IREE and RAL Receivers
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 45
Concepts of a SIR with PL FFOConcepts of a SIR with PL FFO
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 46
Ratio of PL and total FFO powerRatio of PL and total FFO power
1 10 1000,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
Sp
ectr
al R
atio
Free running 3 dB FFO linewidth (MHz)
PLL BW=5 MHz PLL BW=15 MHz PLL BW=50 MHz PLL BW=6 MHz - var PLL 3b - 11 Dec 02 PLL 3b - 24 Dec 02 PLL 3b - Short Cables PLL 6a - 01 Feb 03 FFO LW (MHz)
Eff. PLL BW (MHz)
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 47
Optimization of the HM operationOptimization of the HM operation
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 48
Optimization of the HM operation:Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on HM voltagedependence on HM voltage
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 49
Optimization of the HM operation:Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on synthesizer power dependence on synthesizer power
March 24, 2004 Björkliden, Sweden 50
Optimization of the HM operation:Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on PLL Gaindependence on PLL Gain