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INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMNT IN BUCHAREST
AUTHORS
Nicolae Sdrula1, Sulfina Barbu2
AFFILIATION
1-S.C.IPROCHIM S.A., 19-21 M.Eminescu Street, 010512- Bucharest 1, ROMANIA
--/Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)expressed as nitrogen dioxide for existing incinerationplants with a nominal capacity exceeding 6 tonnes per hour or new incineration plants 200 mg/m3 /Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2),expressed as nitrogen dioxide for existing incinerationplants with a nominal capacity of 6 tonnes per hour or less 400 mg/m3
/Dioxins and furans 0,1 ng/m3
PET PRILLS CAN BE TURNED TO GOOD ACCOUNT TO OBTAIN:
A)basic raw materials used for obtaining polyesters The new procedure can be used for most of the products obtained from the polyester by obtaining raw materials that can be reused for the production at fibers, yarns, films or packages as well as polyesters obtained from petroleum
B)Staple fibers and polyester filaments In United States of America the procedure of using recycled PET bottles for obtaining polyester fibers and yarns is frequently used (abbot. 78% of the recovered wastes are converted into polymer, from which fibers and yarns are obtained).
C) Obtaining of car upholsteryBetween 7 and 9 million spent cars are yearly available in the European Union. Now, the percentage of reused materials is of abbot. 75 % of their total mass. The remaining 25 % represent materials like: wastes of plastic, fabrics, glass and metals. A great part of the fabrics and knit-ware are used as textile fabrics for car covers, the polyester representing the prevailing material (abbot. 90 %).
D) obtaining of PET bottlesThe research and application of PET packages recycling technologies with their use in the food sector has in view both economic and ecological aspects. The recycled PET packages are especially used to obtain polyester fibers and technical yarns.
POSSIBILITIES OFRECYCLED PET BOTTLES
•The highest quantity of different polymer bottles results from individual households. •Many countries have waste collecting programs that impose first preliminary sorting of this “recyclable”, that include as a role: glass packages, plastics, juice packs, aluminium cans, cardboard packages and other paper objects.•The recyclable materials ( PET ) are taken over and submitted to a technological process that consists in following phases:-sorting dryingrecovery melt filtrationprilling re-prillingwashing glycolysis reaction finalization
separation
THE PHASES
OF THE RECYCLING PROCESS
“BOTTLE FOR BOTTLE”
- decontamination;
- filtration;
- prilling;
- drying;
- crystallization;
- postpolycondensation in solid
phase.
ECONOMIC FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The capacity of the recycling plant for the food grade PET bottles is of 10,000 t/year polyester prills.
The investment will be achieved within 1.5 years, being estimated to a value of 11,000 USD., out of which :
equipment 3,090 thous. USD
plants 600 thous. USD
buildings 750 thous. USD
licence 950 thous. USD
other costs (commissions, tax, approvals, authorizations, sundries and unexpected
costs, etc.) 4,570 thous. USD
working fund 1,040 thous. USD
Incomes generated are of 1,100 USD/t PET, respectively 11,000 thous. USD/year.
Production costs are of 920.9 USD/t, and for the entire capacity of 9,209 thous. USD/year.
The plant will be linearly paid off within 10 years.The personnel requirement for operation is 20 persons.
The profit from operation is of 1,791 thous. USD/year out of which the financial costs are deducted, thus
obtaining the net profit. After the credit reimbursement period, the net profit is
of 1,343 thuos. USD/year.
a) Dynamic indicators Net present income (NPI) : 458 thous. USD - meaning that the
project has the capacity to reimburse the invested capital and to produce cash-flow in excess
Investment profitability index : 1.042 - resulting from the comparison of the present cash-flow with the investment value
Present incomes / present costs = 1.011 - indicating values of the present incomes higher than those of the present costs, meaning a favorable indicatorInternal rate of return (IRR): 23.2% - indicating a very good economic efficiency of the project.b) Total investment recoup from :
- gross profit : 5.1 years- net profit : 8.9 years
c) Other characteristic indicatorsprofitability rate 19.4 % rate of profit 16.3 %net profit profitability as against turnover 10.4 %net profit profitability as against costs 12.4 %breakeven threshold - after credit reimbursement 62.6 %labour productivity 550 thous. USD/man-y
The supporting infrastructure co financed by the Cohesion Fund (2002-2004)
Total budget (initial),2001) : € 13m
Contracts (March 2004) : € 11m
Deductions (March 2004) : € 2m (15%)
Expenditure (June 2002-April 2004) : € 4m
Expenditure during 2004 (forecast) : € 8m
Bucharest, 28-29 Sep. 2004
Landfills Restoration
Less than thirty dumps operate today in the region, a 90% reduction since 1999…
Restoration cost is estimated at € 2m.. Restoration works are scheduled for the summer of 2005, a few months after the completion of the Regional Sanitary
Landfill
Additional EU funding is expected to be allocated to the IWMS of W. Macedonia in a few months from now.
Four MRFs to be constructed within the next to years in order to support the local recovery– at –source programs for paper, plastics, glass and metals. The Mechanical Separation and Composting Plant is scheduled to be completed by 2007: recovery is expected to exceed 70% before the year 2010, resulting into local tax reduction and systems optimization.
The total budget for the materials recovery & treatment infrastructure is estimated at € 26 m until 2007. Private investment is expected to exceed € 10 m (energy recovery unit not included).