Barry Poling REGENESIS Central Region Manager INTEGRATED SITE REMEDIATION MSECA Risk Assessment & Remediation Seminar October 29 th , 2012
Barry Poling REGENESIS
Central Region Manager
INTEGRATED SITE REMEDIATION
MSECA Risk Assessment & Remediation Seminar
October 29th, 2012
• Integrated Site Remediation
– Definition
– Fundamentals
• Remedial Strategies
– Key Considerations
– Site Examples
• Lessons Learned
Outline
• Definition: A collaborative, interdisciplinary approach
that focuses on:
– Site Investigation
– Remedial Investigation
– Evaluation of source zones
– Development of remediation approaches to achieve site
closure
What do I mean by Integrated Site Remediation?
• Ineffective Integrated Approaches
“One Size Fits All” – Tech Silos
Effective Remedial Strategies
www.regenesis.com
Biological Physical Chemical
© Copyright Regenesis 2008
Concentration
Effic
iency
High
High
Combine Technologies for Efficient Treatment
• Each remedial technology has its strengths and
weaknesses
Technology integration overcomes the weak points of one technology with the strong points of another
The Power of Integration
10
Conceptual Site Model
Vapor Intrusion
Dissolved Phase Plume
Source Area
SOURCE AREA
TREATMENT APPROACHES
• Excavation
• Enhanced Desorption
• Chemical Oxidation
• Soil mixing
• Injection
Excavation Application
• Significant Contaminant
Removal
• Excellent Distribution of
oxygen
• Slow Release O2
achieves long-term
treatment of residual soil
and groundwater
Excavation Applications
• Treat residual sorbed mass in sidewalls and base
• Provide additional aquifer treatment
• Protect clean backfill
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Enhanced Desorption of Smear Zone
SCENARIOS
• Underperforming P&T
System
• High Concentration
Soil Impacts
– Potential Free Product
SOURCE AREA
RegenOx® PetroCleanze™
RegenOx PetroCleanze is a custom formulation of the
widely-used RegenOx in situ chemical oxidation technology.
• Designed to increase desorption
rates of hydrocarbons bound to
saturated soil
• Increased recovery rates for
enhanced recovery systems
• More soluble contaminants = better
ISCO results
SORBED HYDROCARBONS
16
• De-sorbing mass allows for physical recovery
‐ More efficient compared to chemical oxidation or
bioremediation
‐ Increase GW
concentrations
‐ Mobilize NAPL
17
Treating Residual
Sorbed Mass
‐ Excellent for treating
smear-zones, source
zones
Inject with direct-push
rigs or wells
Rapidly recover
hydrocarbon with wells
or vacuum trucks
Treating Source areas
ENHANCING EXISITING SYSTEMS
Technology Validation
19
Field Demonstration
Injection/Extraction Application
Prototype formula
3 Cycles
Extraction water
Cleaner water with each cycle
Usage Guidelines
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Event 1 Event 2 Event 3
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Horizontal and Vertical Delineation
• Effective physical removal
• Potential mobilization of sorbed phase mass (NAPL)
• Transition to Bio
– No residual BOD
SOURCE AREA
TREATMENT APPROACH
• Chemical Oxidation
• Soil mixing
• Injection
CHARACTERISTICS OF ISCO
22
• Effective source treatment technology
• Suitable for high contaminant concentrations (< NAPL)
• Reactions occur in days to weeks
• Rebound of GW concentrations is common
• Multiple applications required in most cases
In-Situ Soil Mixing
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Ex-Situ Soil Mixing
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KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Multiple Soil Samples
• Soil Type
– Mixing Approach
• Treatment Cells
• Understand Total Oxidant Demand
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Co
ncen
trati
on
(u
g/L
)
Months
Contaminant Reduction
High
Low
ISCO INJECTION
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Chemical Oxidant Injections
An Integrated Approach
• Direct Push Injection
• Sequential RegenOx
Injections followed by
an ORC-Advanced
Injection
Clanton, AL – RegenOx™/ORC-A Application
PETROLEUM SITE
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Health and Safety Concerns
• Compatibility with Underground Utilities
• Aquifer Acceptance of Fluid
• Transition to Bio
– Detrimental residual compounds
– Microbial Impact
DISSOLVED PLUME
1. Grid Based Treatment
2. Downgradient Barrier
Enhanced
Aerobic
Bioremediation
Benzene Degradation in Groundwater
Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates (Howard et al. 1991)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
months
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
µg
/l)
Aerobic half-life = 10 days
Anaerobic half-life = 24 months
72 X faster
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Degradation Rates
Why Add Oxygen?
• Natural Attenuation is slow
– Degradation rates are slow under anaerobic conditions
– Contaminant desorption is slow
• Most petroleum hydrocarbon plumes are deficient
of oxygen
– Sulfate reducing or Methanogenesis
• Oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor
– Compared to other e-acceptors, bio rates can be 10-
1000x faster with slow release oxygen
Technical Specification for ORC Advanced ®
Chemical Composition
– Controlled release mechanism
– longevity
Active Oxygen Content
Proven Results
All oxygen compounds are not created equal.
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Many parameters should be evaluated during the
design phase of any aerobic bioremediation project
– Treatment Zone Delineation
• Vertical
• Horizontal
– Contaminant mass
• Sorbed
• Dissolved
– Geochemistry
• Additional oxygen sinks
Major Retail Petroleum Company
• ORC ® or ORC Advanced ® used on 30 Indiana service
stations from 1998-2008
• Remedial Approach
– Evaluate geochemistry
– Determine soil impacts
– Source removal via excavation (if needed)
– ORC applied via excavation or direct
push injection
• Soil matrix ranged from clay to sand
• Total BTEX concentrations range: <0.010ppm-42ppm
“Surgical Site Closure – Integrating Natural Attenuation and Focused Source Treatment”,
Sittler, Battelle, 2002; Author Update 2008, In Press.
Major Retail Petroleum Company
• 30 Sites (1998 – 2008)
• 30 of 30 (100%) rec’d NFA (last one 4/08)
• Average time to closure: 3 years
• Average cost to closure: $70,000
“Surgical Site Closure – Integrating Natural Attenuation and Focused Source Treatment”,
Sittler, Battelle, 2002; Author Update 2008, In Press.
DISSOLVED PLUME
1. Grid Based Treatment
2. Downgradient Barrier
Enhanced
Anaerobic
Bioremediation
(ERD)
Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of PCE
Application of electron donor
to promote process
Factors for Success:
1) Donor
2) Distribution
3) Duration (Longevity)
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
39
Electron Donor Comparison
Electron Donor Substrate Longevity Distribution
Corn syrup, molasses,
lactate
Low High
HRC® High Medium
Emulsified Veg. Oil High Low
3-D Microemulsion® High High
•Maximum longevity and distribution equals less frequent
applications, less injection points and less dilution water.
*Significantly lower total project costs
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Soluble substrates work just not very long..
– Consider permanent injection wells
– Multiple injections required
– Monitor Methane closely
• Emulsified Oils don’t distribute well
– Require pore volume displacement
– More water
– Higher injection costs
– Consider total project costs
Field Results
DISTRIBUTION
• TOC increase at 6 and
10 months post
injection
LONGEVITY
Parent to Daughter
conversion observed
• Sustained ethene
concentrations at 6 and
10 month post injection Days since injection
Field Results: Longevity
• Rapid parent (PCE) to
Daughter (TCE & DCE)
Conversion
• CVOC’s and Sulfate
Concentrations
remaining stable 2
years post injection
Distribution + Longevity
Patriot Engineering 2011
INTEGRATED SITE REMEDIATION IN INDIANA
REGENESIS SITES IN INDIANA
ISCO & Bio Source Reduction +Bio*
Excavation + Bio Bio + augmentation Mechanical + ISCO ISCO only
12%
47%
16%
0% 2%
23%
Indiana Sites: Petroleum
REGENESIS SITES IN INDIANA
ISCO & Bio Source Reduction +Bio*
Excavation + Bio Bio + augmentation Mechanical + ISCO ISCO only
9%
45%
0%
45%
0% 0%
Chlorinated Solvents Sites
CONCLUSIONS
LESSONS LEARNED
1. Well Defined Conceptual Site Model is Key
2. Comprehensive Understanding of Site
Conditions
– Contaminant mass (Soil & GW)
– Geochemisty
3. Clearly Defined Goals
4. Flexibility
5. Experienced Applicators
ONSITE APPLICATION
• Right Equipment For The Job.
– Pumps
– Flow meters
– Pressure gauges
• Real time data collection
– DO, ORP, pH
– Radius of Influence
• Decision Maker Onsite During Injection Activities
TURN-KEY REMEDIATION SOLUTIONS
49 REMEDIATION SERVICES
APPLICATION
50 REMEDIATION SERVICES
oReagent Distribution Diagnostics Monitoring
oEvaluate and Modify Injection Plans to Optimize Reagent Distribution based on Actual Site Conditions
Reagent application rates
Injection pressures with depth
Flow rates
Log field observation
Real-time GW monitoring
DO, pH
Conductivity
ISCR
51
Chemical Oxidation
VI-Existing Aerobic Bio VI-New Const.
Enhanced Desorption
Anaerobic Bio
Aerobic Bio
52
Barry Poling, Central Region Manager
812-923-7999
THANK YOU
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