Frontier in Civil Engineering Integrated River Basin Management Dept. Civil Engineering, Nagoya University 15 June 2012 Prof. Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO Elementary Concepts and Definitions: Elementary Concepts and Definitions: ①Precipitation ⇔ Evapo-transpiration ←weather, climate……meteorology ②Divide→ River basin (Catchment, Watershed) ←geography ③Run-off process surface runoff, subsurface runoff (intermediate), groundwater ←hydrology ④River flow ←hydraulics ⑤Flux (flow) and stock Water, sediment, materials (biophilic elements) ⑥Landscape connected one another by flux networks in river basin Geographical characteristics – Land use with human activities related to ecosystem ⑦Ecosystem ←interrelating system Ecosystem structure physical background - habitat suitability - biological aspect space-peculiar elementary events production and decomposition material cycle Ecological function →Ecosystem service River basin = various landscapes are connected by natural water/material flux network ⑧River basin complex=multiple river basins connected by artificial networks Bio aspect life history growth, breeding Food web Competition Material Cycle assimilation filtering (de)nitrification decomposition Habitat Energy supply Ecosystem function Peculiar landscape for material cycle Physical basement Physical basement Sediment Flow transport Vegetation Morphology Ecosystem function Ecosystem Ecosystem A B C Each Landscape has Structures and Functions as Ecosystem
7
Embed
Integrated River Basin Management ③ - NHRI 名古 …nhri.jp/kougisiryou/irbm-ppt_tsujimoto(ce_frontier).pdf · 2012-06-18 · Integrated River Basin Management Dept. Civil Engineering,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Frontier in Civil Engineering
Integrated River Basin Management
Dept. Civil Engineering, Nagoya University15 June 2012
Prof. Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO
Elementary Concepts and Definitions:Elementary Concepts and Definitions:
Planning procedures:Design rainfall (basin average accumulated rainfall during event)↓ ←Return period 50-200yrs↓ (long term plan, master plan within 20-30years)Runoff analysis↓ ←rapid runoff due to land use of catchment↓ hostile land-use should be regulated!Design flood discharge without dam control (peak cut)↓
Design flood discharge without dam control↓ Design of dam & reservoir or Detention pond (Retarding basin)
③Hierarchy in scales of landscapesRiver basin⇔river⇔segment⇔reach⇔unit⇔sub-unit scale
(micro habitat)
④Disturbance for renewal and maintenance(flood and draught)
Segment A Segment B Segment CHead-Water
River-Mouth
Reach B1 Reach B2
Reach B3
Reach B2 or Unit B2-1
Subunit B21Subunit B23
Subunit B22 Subunit B23
Subunit B24
Subunit B25
Surface flowSubsurface flow
River River
River BasinRiver Basin Flood plainFlood plain
Farmland(paddy field)
Forest
Wet landUrban area
植生
本流旧二次流路二次流路ワンドたまり
分級
伏流筋
vegetation
main streamsecondary channelembaymentside pools
sorting
subsurface flow route“TextureTexture”
Ecosystem degradationdirect change
aquatic →terrestrialbrackish→fresh water
Indirect change ←discontinuity of water/material flux network
Human activities in floodplain
↑
mitigation against ecosystem degradationin river management
Close-to-nature river improvementRiver restoration (rehabilitation) on siteRiver ecosystem refreshment along a river
Advanced Integrating Management of River BasinsAdvanced Integrating Management of River Basins①River basin=unit of hydrological cycle② Hydrological cycle is closely related to functions
required in river basinflood mitigation, water resources and environment
③Hydrological cycle is most dynamic in river, and river management is most powerful to maintain the above functions.
④Even for each function, various organizations (agencies) are responsible in respective aspects. Inter-agency
⑤Each functions are in relation of trade-off Inter-function⑥Problems cannot be completely solved
only in river management but river basin management is necessary for the next step.(land-use, agricultural area, urban area management)
⑦Particularly under the situation of Aging and population decreasingLow development in economicsDangers in sustainability
(global warming, resources depletion, bio-diversity loss)⑧Coordination of hardware (infrastructures) and software⑨New governance
Inter-agencies (governmental structure) without hierarchyNGO
Forests
River
Upper Rea
ch
Water Intake Sluice
AgricultureLand
+
out
River
Middle Rea
ch
+out=in+
Brackish waterArea
out
Brackish Lake
Reservoir
inEstu
ary
Tideland
Tideland
Bay Area Coastal Area
B
Precipitation
ES ES
ES
ES
ES
ESES
Background(Tool Box 1)
Precipitation in
Precipitation
Forests
River
Upper Rea
ch
Water Intake Sluice
AgricultureLand
+
out
River
Middle Rea
ch
+out=in+
Brackish waterArea
out
Brackish Lake
Reservoir
inEstu
ary
Tideland
Tideland
Bay Area Coastal Area
B
Precipitation
ES ES
ES
ES
ES
ESES
Background(Tool Box 1)
Precipitation in
Precipitation
Ex.1) Forested AreaModeling the quantity of CO2 extractionby the treesES: CO2 extraction: water (Q), T-N,SSPM: Change of the tree class, Forest
thinning (Forest Management)
Ex.3) Tidal AreaModeling the quantity of ecological production due to the conditions of physical basementES: Food provision, Water purification: water (Q), T-NPM: Creation of tideland, Settled of Nori-net
Ex.2) Sand River -Middle Reach-
Modeling the effect of water purification by attached algaeES: water purificationwater (Q), T-NPM: Control of water discharge by dam operation change
ES: Ecosystem ServiceFlux changePM: Policy Menu
Image of Coupling various Landscapes with Flux NetworksImage of Coupling various Landscapes with Flux Networks